Jahai people: Difference between revisions

Jahai people
Jehai
	A Jahai community in Royal Belum State Park, Perak, Malaysia.
Regions with significant populations
	Malay Peninsula:
Malaysia (Perak and Kelantan)	2,326 (2010)
Thailand	200
Languages
	Jahai language, Malay language
Religion
	Ethnic religion (predominantly), Islam, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
	Semang (Batek people, Lanoh people), Negritos (Maniq people, Philippine Negritos, Andamanese)

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The Jahai or Jehai people are an indigenous people (Orang Asli) of the Semang people group found in Perak and Kelantan, Malaysia and parts of Thailand. They have dark skin, often curly-hair and Asiatic facial characteristics, and are stockily built.^[3] They are hunter-gatherers and they occasionally practice swidden agriculture.^[4]

The Jahai people believe in a religious system with Karei (pronounced "Karεy") as a supernatural force that oversees their actions and behaviours. In order to avoid attracting Karei's attention negatively, there are taboos and avoidance rules to follow. They believe Karei can be scared away or attracted to by various odors depending on Karei's preferences, for example, the unpleasant smell of a burnt crayfish.^[5] Therefore this led to a rich odor lexicon in the Jahai language,^[5] a trait also shared among the Maniq people in Thailand.^[6]

The Jahai people, who are traditionally nomadic, live in permanent settlements in parts of the Royal Belum State Park as part of the tourist attraction. They lived in isolation, and most likely lacking of infrastructure such as roads, schools, health services, and so on.^[7] This resulted in exhaustion of resources. The mortality rate of the Jahai people in villages along the Kejar River was as high as 50% in children due to serawan, a mystery illness which caused the population there to dwindle from 600 to 400.^[8]^[9]

The population dynamics of the Jahai people in Malaysia are as the following:-

Year	1960^[10]	1965^[10]	1969^[10]	1974^[10]	1980^[10]	1993^[11]	1996^[10]	2000^[12]	2003^[12]	2004^[13]	2010^[1]
Population	621	546	702	769	740	1,049	1,049	1,244	1,843	1,843	2,326

Other settlements of the Jahai people in Malaysia are:-

RPS Air Banun, Gerik, Perak^[14]
Sungai Rual, Jeli District, Kelantan^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b Kirk Endicott (2015). Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli. NUS Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-99-716-9861-4.
^ "Jehai in Thailand". Joshua Project. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
^ Helen Oon (2008). Malaysia. New Holland Publishers. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-18-453-7971-1.
^ Douglas Richardson (2017). International Encyclopedia of Geography, 15 Volume Set: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2240. ISBN 978-04-706-5963-2.
^ ^a ^b Catherine Diederich (2015). Sensory Adjectives in the Discourse of Food: A frame-semantic approach to language and perception. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 23. ISBN 978-90-272-6880-8.
^ Ed Yong (6 November 2015). "Why Do Most Languages Have So Few Words for Smells?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
^ "Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Capital and Knowledge Management" (PDF). ICHCKM. 2015. p. 168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
^ Shanjeev Reddy (16 February 2016). "The Curse of Serawan". R.AGE. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
^ "Situation of the right to health of indigenous peoples in Asia". Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Nobuta Toshihiro (2009). "Living On The Periphery: Development and Islamization Among Orang Asli in Malaysia" (PDF). Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
^ Colin Nicholas (2000). The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources. Indigenous Politics, Development and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia (PDF). Center for Orang Asli Concerns & International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. ISBN 978-87-90730-15-4. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
^ ^a ^b "Basic Data / Statistics". Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
^ Alberto Gomes (2004). Modernity and Malaysia: Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads. Routledge. ISBN 978-11-341-0076-7.
^ Ronzi Mohd Yusoff, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Sharina Abdul Halim, Hood Salleh & Mustaffa Omar. "Kemudahterancaman Perubahan Iklim: Kajian kes Komuniti Jahai di RPS Air Banun, Perak" (PDF). Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI). Retrieved 2017-07-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Dony Adriansyah, Ibrahim Busu, Hafzan Eva & Mohammad Muqtada (15 May 2015). "Geoheritage As The Basis For Geotourism Development: A Case Study In Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia" (PDF). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites: 35. ISSN 2065-0817. Retrieved 2017-07-11.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

This Malaysia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[MOP-1] Kirk Endicott (2015). Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli. NUS Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-99-716-9861-4.

[2] "Jehai in Thailand". Joshua Project. Retrieved 2017-07-11.

[3] Helen Oon (2008). Malaysia. New Holland Publishers. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-18-453-7971-1.

[4] Douglas Richardson (2017). International Encyclopedia of Geography, 15 Volume Set: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2240. ISBN 978-04-706-5963-2.

[SAITDOF23-5] Catherine Diederich (2015). Sensory Adjectives in the Discourse of Food: A frame-semantic approach to language and perception. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 23. ISBN 978-90-272-6880-8.

[6] Ed Yong (6 November 2015). "Why Do Most Languages Have So Few Words for Smells?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-07-11.

[7] "Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Capital and Knowledge Management" (PDF). ICHCKM. 2015. p. 168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2017-07-11.

[8] Shanjeev Reddy (16 February 2016). "The Curse of Serawan". R.AGE. Retrieved 2017-07-11.

[9] "Situation of the right to health of indigenous peoples in Asia". Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 2017-07-11.

[LOTP-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Nobuta Toshihiro (2009). "Living On The Periphery: Development and Islamization Among Orang Asli in Malaysia" (PDF). Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

[TOAATCFR-11] Colin Nicholas (2000). The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources. Indigenous Politics, Development and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia (PDF). Center for Orang Asli Concerns & International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. ISBN 978-87-90730-15-4. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

[BDS-12] "Basic Data / Statistics". Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

[13] Alberto Gomes (2004). Modernity and Malaysia: Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads. Routledge. ISBN 978-11-341-0076-7.

[14] Ronzi Mohd Yusoff, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Sharina Abdul Halim, Hood Salleh & Mustaffa Omar. "Kemudahterancaman Perubahan Iklim: Kajian kes Komuniti Jahai di RPS Air Banun, Perak" (PDF). Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI). Retrieved 2017-07-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[15] Dony Adriansyah, Ibrahim Busu, Hafzan Eva & Mohammad Muqtada (15 May 2015). "Geoheritage As The Basis For Geotourism Development: A Case Study In Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia" (PDF). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites: 35. ISSN 2065-0817. Retrieved 2017-07-11.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Indigenous people of the Siamo-Malay Peninsula}}
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 |group    = Jahai people<br /><small>Jehai</small>
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |caption  = A Jahai community in [[Belum-Temengor|Royal Belum State Park]], [[Perak]], [[Malaysia]].
 |poptime  =
+|popplace = '''[[Malay Peninsula]]:'''
-|popplace = {{flag|Malaysia}} ([[Perak]] and [[Kelantan]]): 2,326 (2010)<ref>{{cite book|author=Kirk Endicott|title=Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli|year=2015|contribution=|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=99-716-9861-7|page=3}}</ref><br />{{flag|Thailand}}: 200<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12309/TH |title=Jehai in Thailand |publisher=Joshua Project |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+|region1  = {{flag|Malaysia}} ([[Perak]] and [[Kelantan]])
+|pop1     = 2,326 (2010)
+|ref1     = <ref name="MOP">{{cite book|author=Kirk Endicott|title=Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli|year=2015|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-99-716-9861-4|page=3}}</ref>
+|region2  = {{flag|Thailand}}
+|pop2     = 200
+|ref2     = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12309/TH |title=Jehai in Thailand |publisher=Joshua Project |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
 |langs    = [[Jahai language]], [[Malay language]]
 |rels     = [[Ethnic religion]] (predominantly), [[Islam]], [[Christianity]]
-|related  = [[Batek people]], [[Lanoh people]], [[Maniq people]]
+|related  = [[Semang]] ([[Batek people]], [[Lanoh people]]), [[Negritos]] ([[Maniq people]], [[Philippine Negrito languages|Philippine Negritos]], [[Andamanese]])
 }}
-The '''Jahai''' or '''Jehai''' people are an indigenous [[Orang Asli]] of the [[Semang]] people group found in [[Perak]] and [[Kelantan]], [[Malaysia]] and parts of [[Thailand]]. They have the appearance of [[Negroid]] with dark skin, Afro hair and stockily built.<ref>{{cite book|author=Helen Oon|title=Malaysia|year=2008|contribution=|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn=18-453-7971-3|pages=55-56}}</ref> They are [[hunter-gatherer]] and they practice [[swidden agriculture]] occasionally.<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Richardson|title=International Encyclopedia of Geography, 15 Volume Set: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology|year=2017|contribution=|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=04-706-5963-7|page=2240}}</ref>
+The '''Jahai''' or '''Jehai''' people are an indigenous people ([[Orang Asli]]) of the [[Semang]] people group found in [[Perak]] and [[Kelantan]], [[Malaysia]] and parts of [[Thailand]]. They have dark skin, often [[curly-hair]] and [[East Asian people|Asiatic facial characteristics]], and are stockily built.<ref>{{cite book|author=Helen Oon|title=Malaysia|year=2008|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn=978-18-453-7971-1|pages=55–56}}</ref> They are [[hunter-gatherers]] and they occasionally practice [[swidden agriculture]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Richardson|title=International Encyclopedia of Geography, 15 Volume Set: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology|year=2017|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-04-706-5963-2|page=2240}}</ref>
-The Jahai people believe in a religious system with Karei (pronounced as "Karεy") as a supernatural force that overseas their actions and behaviours. In order to avoid attracting Karei's attention negatively, there are taboos and avoidance rules to follow. They believe Karei can be scared away or attracted to by various odors depending on Karei's preferences, for example, the unpleasant smell of a burnt crayfish.<ref name="SAITDOF23">{{cite book|author=Catherine Diederich|title=Sensory Adjectives in the Discourse of Food: A frame-semantic approach to language and perception|year=2015|contribution=|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=90-272-6880-0|page=23}}</ref> Therefore this led to a rich odor lexicon in the [[Jahai language]],<ref name="SAITDOF23"/> a trait also shared among the [[Maniq people]] in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/the-vocabulary-of-smell/414618/ |title=Why Do Most Languages Have So Few Words for Smells? |author=Ed Yong |publisher=The Atlantic |date=6 November 2015 |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+The Jahai people believe in a [[religious system]] with Karei (pronounced "Karεy") as a supernatural force that oversees their actions and behaviours. In order to avoid attracting Karei's attention negatively, there are taboos and avoidance rules to follow. They believe Karei can be scared away or attracted to by various odors depending on Karei's preferences, for example, the unpleasant smell of a burnt crayfish.<ref name="SAITDOF23">{{cite book|author=Catherine Diederich|title=Sensory Adjectives in the Discourse of Food: A frame-semantic approach to language and perception|year=2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-6880-8|page=23}}</ref> Therefore this led to a rich odor lexicon in the [[Jahai language]],<ref name="SAITDOF23"/> a trait also shared among the [[Maniq people]] in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/the-vocabulary-of-smell/414618/ |title=Why Do Most Languages Have So Few Words for Smells? |author=Ed Yong |publisher=The Atlantic |date=6 November 2015 |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
-The Jahai people who are traditionally nomadic were forced by the government to live in permanent settlements in parts of the [[Belum-Temengor|Royal Belum State Park]] as part of the tourist attraction. They live in isolation, lacking infrastructures such as roads, schools, health post and so on.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ic-hckm.org/files/PROCEEDINGS_of_ICHCKM_2015.pdf |title=Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Human Capital and Knowledge Management |author= |publisher=ICHCKM |page=168 |date=2015 |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref> This resulted in exhaustion of resources. Mortality rate of the Jahai people in villages along the Kejar River with up to 50% of children due to ''[[Oral candidiasis|Serawan]]'' has cause the population there to dwindle from 600 to 400.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rage.com.my/dead-and-forgotten/ |title=The Curse of Serawan |author=Shanjeev Reddy |publisher=R.AGE |date=16 February 2016 |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aippnet.org/situation-of-the-right-to-health-of-indigenous-peoples-in-asia/ |title=Situation of the right to health of indigenous peoples in Asia |author= |publisher=Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact |date=1 March 2016 |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+The Jahai people, who are traditionally nomadic, live in permanent settlements in parts of the [[Belum-Temengor|Royal Belum State Park]] as part of the tourist attraction. They lived in isolation, and most likely lacking of infrastructure such as roads, schools, health services, and so on.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ic-hckm.org/files/PROCEEDINGS_of_ICHCKM_2015.pdf |title=Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Capital and Knowledge Management |publisher=ICHCKM |page=168 |date=2015 |access-date=2017-07-11 |archive-date=2017-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216003837/http://www.ic-hckm.org/files/PROCEEDINGS_of_ICHCKM_2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This resulted in exhaustion of resources. The mortality rate of the Jahai people in villages along the Kejar River was as high as 50% in children due to ''serawan'', a mystery illness which caused the population there to dwindle from 600 to 400.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rage.com.my/dead-and-forgotten/ |title=The Curse of Serawan |author=Shanjeev Reddy |newspaper=R.AGE |date=16 February 2016 |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aippnet.org/situation-of-the-right-to-health-of-indigenous-peoples-in-asia/ |title=Situation of the right to health of indigenous peoples in Asia |publisher=Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact |date=1 March 2016 |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+[[File:Geographical location of Orang Asli communities recruited in the study.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Geographical location of Jahai people (located in [[Perak]] near the [[Kelantan]] borders) and other [[Orang Asli]] communities in [[Peninsular Malaysia]].]]
+The population dynamics of the Jahai people in [[Malaysia]] are as the following:-
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Year
+| 1960<ref name="LOTP">{{cite web|url=http://www.coac.org.my/dashboard/modules/cms/cms~file/93c38c2f6837049ec87607013c0c5404.pdf |title=Living On The Periphery: Development and Islamization Among Orang Asli in Malaysia |author=Nobuta Toshihiro |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |year=2009 |access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref>
+| 1965<ref name="LOTP"/>
+| 1969<ref name="LOTP"/>
+| 1974<ref name="LOTP"/>
+| 1980<ref name="LOTP"/>
+| 1993<ref name="TOAATCFR">{{Cite book|url=https://www.iwgia.org/images/publications//0133_95_The_Orang_Asli_and_the_contest_for_resources.pdf |title=The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources. Indigenous Politics, Development and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia |author=Colin Nicholas |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns & International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |year=2000 |access-date=2018-01-19 |isbn=978-87-90730-15-4 }}</ref>
+| 1996<ref name="LOTP"/>
+| 2000<ref name="BDS">{{cite web |url= http://www.coac.org.my/main.php?section=about&article_id=4 |title= Basic Data / Statistics |publisher= Center for Orang Asli Concerns |access-date= 2018-01-19 |archive-date= 2020-10-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201029082307/https://www.coac.org.my/main.php?section=about&article_id=4 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
+| 2003<ref name="BDS"/>
+| 2004<ref>{{cite book|author=Alberto Gomes|title=Modernity and Malaysia: Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-11-341-0076-7}}</ref>
+| 2010<ref name="MOP"/>
+|-
+! Population
+| 621
+| 546
+| 702
+| 769
+| 740
+| 1,049
+| 1,049
+| 1,244
+| 1,843
+| 1,843
+| 2,326
+|}
 Other settlements of the Jahai people in [[Malaysia]] are:-
-* RPS Air Banun, [[Gerik]], [[Perak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukm.my/lestari/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LC2.pdf |title=Kemudahterancaman Perubahan Iklim: Kajian kes Komuniti Jahai di RPS Air Banun, Perak |author=Ronzi Mohd Yusoff, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Sharina Abdul Halim, Hood Salleh & Mustaffa Omar |publisher=Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI) |date= |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+* RPS Air Banun, [[Gerik]], [[Perak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukm.my/lestari/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LC2.pdf |title=Kemudahterancaman Perubahan Iklim: Kajian kes Komuniti Jahai di RPS Air Banun, Perak |author=Ronzi Mohd Yusoff, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Sharina Abdul Halim, Hood Salleh & Mustaffa Omar |publisher=Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI) |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
-* Sungai Rual, [[Jeli District]], [[Kelantan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-1-2015/3_159_Adriansyah.pdf |title=Geoheritage As The Basis For Geotourism Development: A Case Study In Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia |author=Dony Adriansyah, Ibrahim Busu, Hafzan Eva & Mohammad Muqtada |publisher=GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites |issn=2065-0817 |page=35 |date=15 May 2015 |accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref>
+* Sungai Rual, [[Jeli District]], [[Kelantan]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-1-2015/3_159_Adriansyah.pdf |title=Geoheritage As The Basis For Geotourism Development: A Case Study In Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia |author=Dony Adriansyah, Ibrahim Busu, Hafzan Eva & Mohammad Muqtada |journal=GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites |issn=2065-0817 |page=35 |date=15 May 2015 |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 25: / Line 63: @@
 {{Portal|Malaysia}}
+{{Negritos}}
 {{Orang Asli}}
 {{Ethnic groups in Malaysia}}
 {{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia]]
 [[Category:Ethnic groups in Malaysia]]
 [[Category:Orang Asli]]
 {{Malaysia-stub}}