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{{Short description|Hand-to-hand combat on the ground}}
{{About|hand-to-hand combat|other uses of ''ground work''|Groundwork (disambiguation)}}
{{About|hand-to-hand combat|other uses of ''ground work''|Groundwork (disambiguation)}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2022}}
[[Image:side mount01.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Ground fighting taking place in a [[mixed martial art]]s bout]]
[[Image:Mma ground fighting.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Ground fighting taking place in a [[mixed martial art]]s bout]]
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[[Image:Strikes from guard.tif|thumb|220px|Although the [[guard (grappling)|guard]] is generally considered an advantageous [[grappling position|position]] in pure [[grappling]], [[punch (strike)|punches]] can be very effective from the top.]]
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'''Ground fighting''' (also called '''ground work''' or '''ground game''') is [[hand-to-hand combat]] which takes place while the combatants are on the ground. The term is commonly used in [[mixed martial arts]] and other [[combat sport]]s, as well as various forms of [[martial arts]] to designate the set of [[grappling]] techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus of [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] and is featured in varying amounts in [[Catch wrestling]], [[Judo]], [[Jujutsu]], [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], [[Shoot wrestling]], [[Dishuquan]] Dog Kung Fu, some schools of [[Shuai Jiao]] and other styles of [[wrestling]].


⚫
Similarly to [[clinch fighting]], ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatants [[grappling]] the opponent using various [[grappling hold]]s. Depending on the [[grappling position|positioning]] of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such as [[biting]], [[chokehold]]s, [[fish-hooking]], [[eye-gouging]], [[joint lock]]s, [[pressure point techniques]], or various [[strike (attack)|strikes]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cnlbc4tXam4C&dq=Ground+fighting&pg=PA153|title=Advanced Concepts in Defensive Tactics : A Survival Guide for Law Enforcement|author=Chuck Joyner|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2010|isbn=9781439845004|page=153}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VjulDwAAQBAJ&dq=Ground+fighting&pg=PA2|title=Fighting As Real As It Gets : A Micro-Sociological Encounter|page=2|publisher=J.B. Metzler|author=Michael Staack|isbn=9783476049919|date=2019}}</ref>
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'''Ground fighting''' (also called '''ground work''' or '''ground game''') is [[hand-to-hand combat]] or [[wrestling]] which takes place while the combatants are on the ground, as distinguished from [[stand-up fighting]]. The term is commonly used in [[mixed martial arts]] and other [[combat sport]]s, as well as various forms of [[martial arts]] to designate the set of [[grappling]] techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus of [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] and is featured in varying amounts in [[Catch wrestling]], [[Judo]], [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], [[Shoot wrestling]], [[Dishuquan]] Dog Kung Fu, some schools of [[Shuai Jiao]] and other styles of [[wrestling]].

⚫
Similarly to [[clinch fighting]], ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatants [[grappling]] the opponent using various [[grappling hold]]s. Depending on the [[grappling position|positioning]] of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such as [[biting]], [[chokehold]]s, [[fish-hooking]], [[eye-gouging]], [[joint lock]]s, [[pressure point techniques]], or various [[strike (attack)|strikes]].


==Striking on the ground==
==Striking on the ground==
Traditionally neglected by most [[grappling]] arts, [[strike (attack)|striking]] on the ground is an important aspect of ground fighting. Typically, a [[top position]] is better for various strikes than a [[bottom position]], simply because the combatant in the top position can generate the distance and movement needed for effective strikes, while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Another factor is [[gravity]], which is in favor of the top combatant when he or she is striking downwards. In addition, the effect of ground strikes may be amplified, depending on the area struck, by the strike driving the opponent into the ground. The types of strikes that can be employed effectively depend on the particular [[grappling position#ground grappling position|grappling position]], common ones include [[elbow (strike)|elbow]]s, [[headbutt]]s, [[Knee (strike)|knee]]s and [[punch (strike)|punch]]es.
Traditionally neglected by most [[grappling]] arts, [[strike (attack)|striking]] on the ground is an important aspect of ground fighting. Typically, a [[top position]] is better for various strikes than a [[bottom position]], simply because the combatant in the top position can generate the distance and movement needed for effective strikes, while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Another factor is [[gravity]], which is in favor of the top combatant when they are striking downwards. In addition, the effect of ground strikes may be amplified, depending on the area struck, by the strike driving the opponent into the ground. The types of strikes that can be employed effectively depend on the particular [[grappling position#Ground grappling position|grappling position]]. Common strikes include [[elbow (strike)|elbow]]s, [[headbutt]]s, [[Knee (strike)|knee]]s and [[punch (strike)|punch]]es.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7T3Dn0rQC68C&dq=Ground+fighting&pg=PA42|title=Ultimate Fighting and Embodiment : Violence, Gender and Mixed Martial Arts|page=42|author=Dale C. Spencer|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136499166|date=2013}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
⚫
Image:Strikes from guard.tif|Although the [[guard (grappling)|guard]] is generally considered an advantageous [[grappling position|position]] in pure [[grappling]], [[punch (strike)|punches]] can be very effective from the top.
File:Bokatorgroundfighting.jpg|[[Bas-relief]] of knee mount. Located at [[Angkor Wat]]([[12th century|1100's A.D.]]) in the Kingdom of [[Cambodia]].
File:Silek Lanyah Kubu Gadang, Minangkabau.jpg|Submission lock on grounded opponent in [[Pencak_silat#Minangkabau|Silat Minangkabau]].
File:Two_men_wrestling_-_Tashrih_al-aqvam_(1825),_f.203v_-_BL_Add._27255.jpg| Ground fighting from [[Pehlwani]] in a drawing from 1825.
File:Gangaram_Chintaman_Tambat_-_Two_Jeyties_Wrestling_-_B1977.14.22290_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg| Drawing of ground fighting in Indian wrestling(1792 A.D.).
File:Rawla_Mandi_Sports_Wrestling.jpg| Ground fighting in Indian wrestling.
File:Judo_at_the_2016_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men%27s_81_kg,_Safarov_vs_Drane_6.jpg| Ground fighting in [[Judo]].
File:Capoeira_de_Rua.jpg| Ground fighting in [[Capoeira]]
File:Lutte_sénégalaise_Bercy_2013_-_Mame_Balla-Pape_Mor_Lô_-_35.jpg| Ground fighting in [[Senegalese wrestling]]
File:Grand_Prix_Paris_de_Sambo_2017_IMG_2301_(34121533944).jpg| Ground fighting in [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]
File:Grand_Prix_Paris_de_Sambo_IMG_1980_(34575715540).jpg| Ground fighting in [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]
File:Grand_Prix_Paris_de_Sambo_IMG_1962_(34963130265).jpg| Ground fighting in [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]
</gallery>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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*[[Submission grappling]]
*[[Submission grappling]]
*[[Sweep (martial arts)]]
*[[Sweep (martial arts)]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
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* Løvstad, Jakob. [http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/The_Mixed_Martial_Arts_Primer.pdf?paperid=1145414 The Mixed Martial Arts Primer]. (PDF format)
* Løvstad, Jakob. [http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/The_Mixed_Martial_Arts_Primer.pdf?paperid=1145414 The Mixed Martial Arts Primer]. (PDF format)
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==External links==


{{grappling}}
{{grappling}}
{{martial arts}}
{{martial arts}}

[[Category:Martial art techniques]]
[[Category:Martial arts techniques]]

Latest revision as of 10:26, 25 September 2024

This article is about hand-to-hand combat. For other uses of ground work, see Groundwork (disambiguation).
Ground fighting taking place in a mixed martial arts bout

Ground fighting (also called ground work or ground game) is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the combatants are on the ground. The term is commonly used in mixed martial arts and other combat sports, as well as various forms of martial arts to designate the set of grappling techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and is featured in varying amounts in Catch wrestling, Judo, Jujutsu, Sambo, Shoot wrestling, Dishuquan Dog Kung Fu, some schools of Shuai Jiao and other styles of wrestling.

Similarly to clinch fighting, ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatants grappling the opponent using various grappling holds. Depending on the positioning of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such as biting, chokeholds, fish-hooking, eye-gouging, joint locks, pressure point techniques, or various strikes.[1][2]

Striking on the ground

[edit]

Traditionally neglected by most grappling arts, striking on the ground is an important aspect of ground fighting. Typically, a top position is better for various strikes than a bottom position, simply because the combatant in the top position can generate the distance and movement needed for effective strikes, while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Another factor is gravity, which is in favor of the top combatant when they are striking downwards. In addition, the effect of ground strikes may be amplified, depending on the area struck, by the strike driving the opponent into the ground. The types of strikes that can be employed effectively depend on the particular grappling position. Common strikes include elbows, headbutts, knees and punches.[3]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Chuck Joyner (2010). Advanced Concepts in Defensive Tactics : A Survival Guide for Law Enforcement. Taylor & Francis. p. 153. ISBN 9781439845004.
  2. ^ Michael Staack (2019). Fighting As Real As It Gets : A Micro-Sociological Encounter. J.B. Metzler. p. 2. ISBN 9783476049919.
  3. ^ Dale C. Spencer (2013). Ultimate Fighting and Embodiment : Violence, Gender and Mixed Martial Arts. Taylor & Francis. p. 42. ISBN 9781136499166.

References

[edit]
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