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{{short description|Media and entertainment company}}
{{short description|Canadian media and entertainment company}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Stingray Group
| name = Stingray Group Inc.
| logo = Stingray_Digital.svg
| logo = Stingray_Digital.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{TSX|}}}}
| traded_as = {{TSX|RAY.A}}
| foundation = 2007
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2007}}
| key_people = [[Eric Boyko]]<br />{{small|(President, CEO & founder)}}
| key_people = [[Eric Boyko]]<br />(president, CEO & founder)
| location = 730, rue Wellington<br />[[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]<br />H3C 1T4
| location = 730, rue Wellington<br />[[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]<br />H3C 1T4
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Worldwide
| num_employees = 1,200 (2019)
| num_employees = 1,200 (2023)
| industry = [[Mass media|Media]]
| industry = [[Mass media|Media]]
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| revenue = [[Canadian dollar|US$]] 71 million <small>(2015)</small><ref name="dvdlinde060315">Damon van der Lindeinvesting/stingray-digital-group-inc-plans-global-expansion-after-140mGroup Inc plans global expansion after $140M IPO,"] ''[[Financial Post]]'', June 3, 2015.</ref>
| =
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| owner =
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| revenue = {{increase}} [[Canadian dollar|US$]] 71 million <small>(2015)</small><ref name="dvdlinde060315">Damon van der Lindeinvesting/stingray-digital-group-inc-plans-global-expansion-after-140mGroup Inc plans global expansion after $140M IPO,"] ''[[Financial Post]]'', June 3, 2015.</ref>
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| homepage = {{URL|stingray.com}}
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| owner =
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| homepage = {{URL|www.stingray.com}}
}}
}}


'''Stingray Group Inc.''' (formerly '''Stingray Digital''' and '''Stingray Digital Group''') is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment company based in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with offices in the United States, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Israel, Australia and South Korea. The company broadcasts music and video content on platforms including cable and satellite television, [[IPTV]], Internet, mobile devices and game consoles, and develops customized audio and digital services for retailers, hotels and other commercial clients.<ref name="nvpraet">Nicolas Van Praet, [http://business.financialpost.com/entrepreneur/entrepreneur-behind-galaxie-music-is-betting-on-tvs-survival "Entrepreneur behind Galaxie music is betting on TV's survival,"] ''Financial Post'', January 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="dalexander">Doug Alexander, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-26/stingray-digital-raises-c-140-million-in-ipo "Stingray Digital Raises C$140 Million in IPO,"] ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', May 26, 2015.</ref><ref name="cbcnews052715">[http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/stingray-digital-to-raise-140m-in-ipo-1.3089597 "Stingray Digital to raise $140M in IPO,"] [[CBC News]], May 27, 2015.</ref>
'''Stingray Group Inc.''' (formerly '''Stingray Digital''' and '''Stingray Digital Group''') is a Canadian music, media and technology company based in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with offices in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], as well as in the [[United States]], [[Mexico]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Australia]].
Stingray provides retail and consumer services, including audio and video channels, digital signage, subscription content, karaoke products, and in-car and on-board infotainment content.
[[Stingray Radio]] operates over 100 radio stations across Canada. It is Canada's second-largest owner of radio stations, behind [[Bell Media Radio]].<ref name="nvpraet">Nicolas Van Praet, [http://business.financialpost.com/entrepreneur/entrepreneur-behind-galaxie-music-is-betting-on-tvs-survival "Entrepreneur behind Galaxie music is betting on TV's survival,"] ''Financial Post'', January 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="dalexander">Doug Alexander, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-26/stingray-digital-raises-c-140-million-in-ipo "Stingray Digital Raises C$140 Million in IPO,"] ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', May 26, 2015.</ref><ref name="cbcnews052715">[http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/stingray-digital-to-raise-140m-in-ipo-1.3089597 "Stingray Digital to raise $140M in IPO,"] [[CBC News]], May 27, 2015.</ref>


==History==
==History==
Stingray was founded in May 2007 by [[Eric Boyko]] and Alexandre Taillefer, in partnership with Telesystem, following the purchase of [[karaoke]] company Soundchoice for $6&nbsp;million. This gave them a catalogue of karaoke songs and a karaoke channel, allowing them to create The Karaoke Channel (now known as Stingray Karaoke).<ref name="dalexander">Doug Alexander, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-26/stingray-digital-raises-c-140-million-in-ipo "Stingray Digital Raises C$140 Million in IPO,"] ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', May 26, 2015.</ref><ref name="dvdlinde072415">Damon van der Linde, [http://business.financialpost.com/entrepreneur/growth-strategies/stingray-digital-group-inc-plays-to-a-bigger-crowd-with-first-acquisition-since-ipo "Stingray Digital Group Inc plays to a bigger crowd with first acquisition since IPO,"] ''Financial Post'', July 24, 2015.</ref> Later that year, the company acquired cable TV commercial-free music service Galaxie from the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] for $65&nbsp;million, renaming it [[Stingray Music]].<ref name="pdelean">Paul Delean, [https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Stingray+Digital+growth+groove/10063214/story.html "Stingray Digital in a growth groove,"] ''[[Montreal Gazette]]'', July 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="grobertson080410">Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/streetwise/stingray-goes-live-with-deal-for-concert-tv/article1661341/ "Stingray goes live with deal for Concert TV,"] ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', August 4, 2010.</ref> Taillefer exited the company in 2010.<ref name="pdelean"/> In 2011, Stingray acquired [[Music Choice Europe]].<ref name="grobertson040411">Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/tech-news/stingray-digital-to-buy-londons-music-choice-international/article597261/ "Stingray Digital to buy London's Music Choice International,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', April 4, 2011.</ref>
Stingray was founded in May 2007 by [[Eric Boyko]] and [[Alexandre Taillefer]], in partnership with Telesystem, following the purchase of [[karaoke]] company Soundchoice for $6&nbsp;million. This gave them a catalogue of karaoke songs and a karaoke channel, allowing them to create The Karaoke Channel (now known as Stingray Karaoke).<ref name="dalexander"/><ref name="dvdlinde072415">Damon van der Linde, [http://business.financialpost.com/entrepreneur/growth-strategies/stingray-digital-group-inc-plays-to-a-bigger-crowd-with-first-acquisition-since-ipo "Stingray Digital Group Inc plays to a bigger crowd with first acquisition since IPO,"] ''Financial Post'', July 24, 2015.</ref> Later that year, the company acquired cable TV commercial-free music service Galaxie from the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] for $65&nbsp;million, renaming it [[Stingray Music]].<ref name="pdelean">Paul Delean, [https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Stingray+Digital+growth+groove/10063214/story.html "Stingray Digital in a growth groove,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803005608/http://www.montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Stingray+Digital+growth+groove/10063214/story.html |date=2017-08-03 }} ''[[Montreal Gazette]]'', July 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="grobertson080410">Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/streetwise/stingray-goes-live-with-deal-for-concert-tv/article1661341/ "Stingray goes live with deal for Concert TV,"] ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', August 4, 2010.</ref> Taillefer exited the company in 2010.<ref name="pdelean"/> In 2011, Stingray acquired [[Stingray Music (Europe)|Music Choice Europe]].<ref name="grobertson040411">Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/tech-news/stingray-digital-to-buy-londons-music-choice-international/article597261/ "Stingray Digital to buy London's Music Choice International,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', April 4, 2011.</ref>

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In May 2015, Stingray raised $140&nbsp;million in its [[initial public offering]]. The sale gave the firm a market value of $296&nbsp;million.<ref name="dalexander"/> It began trading on the [[Toronto Stock Exchange]] on June 3, 2015, under the ticker RAY. Novacap sold most of its stake in the company after the IPO.<ref name="dvdlinde072415"/>

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On May 2, 2018, Stingray announced its intent to acquire [[Stingray Radio|Newcap Radio]] for $506&nbsp;million, marking the company's expansion into terrestrial radio broadcasting in Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Stingray Digital pushes into radio with $506-million purchase of Newfoundland Capital|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-stingray-digital-pushes-into-radio-with-purchase-of-newfoundland/|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> The sale was completed on October 26, 2018, with the family of company founder [[Harold R. Steele]] becoming Stingray's largest third-party shareholder.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=CRTC Approves $506-Million Sale of Newcap Radio to Stingray|url=http://vocm.com/news/crtc-approves-506-million-sale-of-newcap-radio-to-stingray/|access-date=2018-10-31|website=VOCM|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708103926/http://vocm.com/news/crtc-approves-506-million-sale-of-newcap-radio-to-stingray/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2018, the company changed its name to Stingray Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stingray Announces Finalization of Name Change|url=http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-announces-finalization-name-change|access-date=2019-01-26|website=Stingray|date=3 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>


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Although its services face competition from consumer-targeted streaming offerings such as [[Apple Music]] and [[Spotify]], the company had continued to emphasize its use of manually-curated playlists for its services (as opposed to algorithmic recommendations), and its focus on international expansion into territories where pay television is experiencing growth, and promoting complementary services such as mobile apps.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/innovation/stingray-digital-against-the-stream/|title=Why Stingray Digital is betting it all against streaming music|date=2016-02-25|work=Canadian Business|access-date=2018-05-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
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In May 2015, Stingray raised $140&nbsp;million in its [[initial public offering]]. The sale gave the firm a market value of $296&nbsp;million.<ref name="dalexander"/> It began trading on the [[Toronto Stock Exchange]] on June 3, 2015, under the ticker RAY. Novacap sold most of its stake in the company after the IPO.<ref name="dvdlinde072415"/>


In January 2022, Stingray acquired [[InStore Audio Network]], rebranding the company as Stingray Advertising the following year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A new beginning for ISAN |url=https://instoreaudionetwork.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809004030/http://instoreaudionetwork.com/ |archive-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[InStore Audio Network]]}}</ref>
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Although its services face competition from consumer-targeted streaming offerings such as [[Apple Music]] and [[Spotify]], the company had continued to emphasize its use of manually-curated playlists for its services (as opposed to algorithmic recommendations), and its focus on international expansion into territories where pay television is experiencing growth, and promoting complimentary services such as mobile apps.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/innovation/stingray-digital-against-the-stream/|title=Why Stingray Digital is betting it all against streaming music|date=2016-02-25|work=Canadian Business|access-date=2018-05-06|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Properties==
==Properties==
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* Stingray Business, a provider of in-store music licensed for commercial use, audio-visual systems and TV screens
* Stingray Business, a provider of in-store music licensed for commercial use, audio-visual systems and TV screens
* Chatter Research
* Chatter Research
* Stingray Advertising


=== Karaoke services ===
=== Karaoke services ===
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* Singing Machine
* Singing Machine
* Stingray Music
* Stingray Music
* Qello Concerts by Stingray
* [[Qello]] Concerts by Stingray
* Stingray Classica
* Stingray Classica
* Yokee karaoke
* Yokee karaoke
Line 54: Line 62:


===TV Channels – concerts and shows===
===TV Channels – concerts and shows===

* [[Stingray iConcerts]], an on-demand service broadcasting live music performances
* [[Stingray iConcerts]], an on-demand service broadcasting live music performances
* [[Stingray Classica]]
* [[Stingray Classica]]
* [[Stingray Djazz]]
* [[Stingray Djazz]]
* Qello Concerts by Stingray
* [[Qello]] Concerts by Stingray


=== TV Channels – 4K UHD ===
=== TV Channels – 4K UHD ===

* [[Stingray Naturescape]] (formerly Stingray Ambiance), a television channel showing relaxing scenery accompanied by soothing music
* [[Stingray Naturescape]] (formerly Stingray Ambiance), a television channel showing relaxing scenery accompanied by soothing music
* [[Stingray Now 4K]]
* [[Stingray Now 4K]]
*[[Stingray Hits!]] 4K
* [[Stingray Hits!]] 4K
*[[Stingray Festival 4K]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Stingray at the Forefront of the 4K Revolution with the Acquisition of Festival 4K|url=http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-forefront-4k-revolution-acquisition-festival-4k|access-date=22 March 2019|website=Stingray}}</ref>
* Stingray Festival 4K<ref>{{cite web|title=Stingray at the Forefront of the 4K Revolution with the Acquisition of Festival 4K|url=http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-forefront-4k-revolution-acquisition-festival-4k|access-date=22 March 2019|website=Stingray}}</ref>


=== TV Channels – music video ===
=== TV Channels – music video ===

* [[Stingray Country]]
* [[Stingray Country]]
*[[Stingray Loud]]
* [[Stingray Loud]]
*[[Stingray Juicebox]]
* [[Stingray Juicebox]]
*[[Stingray Retro]]
* [[Stingray Retro]]
*[[Stingray Vibe]]
* [[Stingray Vibe]]
*[[Stingray Hits!]]
* [[Stingray Hits!]]
*[[Stingray Now 4K]]
* [[Stingray Now 4K]]
*[[Stingray Hits!]] 4K
* [[Stingray Hits!]] 4K
*[[Stingray CMusic]]
* [[Stingray CMusic]]
* [[PalmarèsADISQ par Stingray]]
* [[PalmarèsADISQ par Stingray]]
* Stingray Latin Hits


=== Original content ===
=== Original content ===

* Stingray Pause Play
* Stingray Pause Play
* Evolution of a Song
* Evolution of a Song
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* Songbook
* Songbook


=== Radio Stations ===
=== Radio and broadcast stations ===
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* [[Stingray Radio]], a group of terrestrial radio and television stations in Canada, formerly operating as Newcap Radio and Newcap Broadcasting.

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* Stingray Radio, a group of terrestrial radio and television stations in Canada, formerly operating as [[Newcap Radio]].
*100+ stations across Canada including boom 97.3 Toronto, Hot 89.9 Ottawa, VOCM St. John's, Q104 Halifax, K97 Edmonton, and Z95.3 Vancouver


==Competitors==
==Competitors==
[[Music Choice]], which launched in 1991, is owned by Microsoft, Arris, Sony Corp. of America, EMI Music Publishing, Time Warner, Comcast, Cox Communications and Charter Communications. Music Choice is in 72 million American households.<ref>[http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf PowerPoint Presentation] Music Choice 2016-06-7</ref> The company filed the lawsuit against Stingray Digital in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas in June 2016 over patent infringement. The patents in dispute are U.S. Patent Nos. 8,769,602, 9,357,245, 7,320,025 and 9,351,045 pertaining to the on screen formatting of Stingray Digital's channels.<ref>[http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf Music Choice Sues Stingray, Accusing TV Rival of Patent Infringement] Music Choice 2016-06-6</ref> Stingray countersued Music Choice on August 29, 2016 calling it a "smear campaign".<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/business-technology/stingray-counters-music-choices-lawsuit-calls-it-smear-campaign/article31617262/ Stingray counters Music Choice’s lawsuit, calls it smear campaign] Globe And Mail 2016-08-30</ref>
[[Music Choice]], which launched in 1991, is owned by Microsoft, Arris, Sony Corp. of America, EMI Music Publishing, Time Warner, Comcast, Cox Communications and Charter Communications. Music Choice is in 72 million American households.<ref>[http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf PowerPoint Presentation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104045552/http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf |date=2016-11-04 }} Music Choice 2016-06-7</ref> The company filed the lawsuit against Stingray Digital in the [[United States district court|U.S. District Court]] for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas|Eastern District of Texas]] in June 2016 over [[patent]] infringement. The patents in dispute are U.S. Patent Nos. 8,769,602, 9,357,245, 7,320,025 and 9,351,045 pertaining to the on screen formatting of Stingray Digital's channels.<ref>[http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf Music Choice Sues Stingray, Accusing TV Rival of Patent Infringement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104045552/http://corporate.musicchoice.com/files/2214/6228/4671/2016_Music_Choice_Media_Kit.pdf |date=2016-11-04 }} Music Choice 2016-06-6</ref> Stingray countersued Music Choice on August 29, 2016, calling it a "smear campaign".<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/business-technology/stingray-counters-music-choices-lawsuit-calls-it-smear-campaign/article31617262/ Stingray counters Music Choice’s lawsuit, calls it smear campaign] Globe And Mail 2016-08-30</ref>


Canadian Businessman Evan Kosiner applied for and currently holds (as of October 2015) the only other favorable broadcast license to compete with Stingray within Canada.<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2015/2015-449.htm Broadcasting Decision 2015-449] CRTC 2015-10-1</ref>
Canadian businessman Evan Kosiner applied for and currently holds (as of October 2015) the only other favorable broadcast license to compete with Stingray within [[Canada]].<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2015/2015-449.htm Broadcasting Decision 2015-449] CRTC 2015-10-1</ref>
{{See also|Comparison of on-demand music streaming services}}
{{See also|Comparison of on-demand music streaming services}}


==Acquisitions and partnerships==
==Acquisitions and partnerships==
From its founding in 2007 through 2015, Stingray Digital acquired 18 companies, at a total cost of $150&nbsp;million.<ref name="bmarotte">Bertrand Marotte, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/sb-digital/stingray-digital-piles-into-streaming-music-business-with-upcoming-mobile-app/article25313348/ "Stingray ups ante in mobile music sphere with new version of its app,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', July 6, 2015.</ref><ref name="gazette042415">[https://montrealgazette.com/business/stingray-digital-said-to-seek-about-120m-in-ipo "Stingray Digital said to seek about $120M in IPO,"] ''Montreal Gazette'', April 24, 2015.</ref> Its first purchase was Soundchoice, followed by Galaxie, from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.<ref name="gazette042415"/> In 2009, Stingray announced it would be acquiring the majority of assets in [[Max Trax]] from [[Corus Entertainment]].<ref>[http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/issues/ISArticle.asp?id=96037&issue=02132009 Corus Enters Agreement with Stingray Digital For Pay Audio Service]; Broadcaster Magazine; 2009-02-13</ref> In August 2010, the company purchased [[Concert TV]], a US video on demand service carrying recorded musical performances.<ref name="grobertson080410"/> In April 2011, Stingray announced that it was purchasing London-based music streaming company [[Music Choice International]], helping Stingray expand into Europe and Africa.<ref name="grobertson040411"/> In May 2013, Stingray purchased the Canadian accounts of [[eMedia Network]].<ref>Josh O'Kane, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/in-muzak-battle-stingray-snags-emedias-canadian-accounts/article11665159/ "In Muzak battle, Stingray snags eMedia's Canadian accounts,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', May 1, 2013.</ref> In 2014 Stingray acquired [[Lite TV]] from the Archibald Media Group,<ref>Robert Briel, [http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2014/06/13/stingray-digital-acquires-dutch-music-channels/ "Stingray Digital acquires Dutch music channels,"] Broadband TV News, June 13, 2014.</ref> and purchased [[Mood Media]]'s residential digital music service in Latin America for $16&nbsp;million.<ref name="nvpraet">Nicolas Van Praet, [http://business.financialpost.com/entrepreneur/entrepreneur-behind-galaxie-music-is-betting-on-tvs-survival "Entrepreneur behind Galaxie music is betting on TV's survival,"] ''Financial Post'', January 24, 2014.</ref> In February 2015, Stingray acquired in-store commercial display company Groupe Viva.<ref>Dominique Lemoine, [http://www.directioninformatique.com/experience-client-stingray-acquiert-le-groupe-viva/33591 "Customer Experience: Stingray acquires Viva Group,"] Direction Informatique, February 17, 2015.</ref> In July 2015, Stingray announced it would pay $8&nbsp;million for Netherlands-based Brava Group, operator of thematic television music channels [[Brava (TV channel)|Brava NL]], [[Brava HD]] and [[Djazz.TV]], with 35 million subscribers in 50 countries in Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean, with plans to bring the channels to the US, Canada and Latin America.<ref name="dvdlinde072415"/><ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/business/music-services-company-stingray-digital-perks-ears-for-acquisitions-1.2513851 "Music services company Stingray Digital perks ears for acquisitions,"] [[CTV News]], August 12, 2015.</ref>
From its founding in 2007 through 2015, Stingray Digital acquired 18 companies, at a total cost of $150&nbsp;million.<ref name="bmarotte">Bertrand Marotte, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/sb-digital/stingray-digital-piles-into-streaming-music-business-with-upcoming-mobile-app/article25313348/ "Stingray ups ante in mobile music sphere with new version of its app,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', July 6, 2015.</ref><ref name="gazette042415">[https://montrealgazette.com/business/stingray-digital-said-to-seek-about-120m-in-ipo "Stingray Digital said to seek about $120M in IPO,"] ''Montreal Gazette'', April 24, 2015.</ref> Its first purchase was Soundchoice, followed by Galaxie, from the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]].<ref name="gazette042415"/> In 2009, Stingray announced it would be acquiring the majority of assets in [[Max Trax]] from [[Corus Entertainment]].<ref>[http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/issues/ISArticle.asp?id=96037&issue=02132009 Corus Enters Agreement with Stingray Digital For Pay Audio Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120724005640/http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/issues/ISArticle.asp?id=96037&issue=02132009 |date=2012-07-24 }}; Broadcaster Magazine; 2009-02-13</ref> In August 2010, the company purchased [[Stingray iConcerts|Concert TV]], a US video on demand service carrying recorded musical performances.<ref name="grobertson080410"/> In April 2011, Stingray announced that it was purchasing London-based music streaming company [[Stingray Music (Europe)|Music Choice International]], helping Stingray expand into Europe and Africa.<ref name="grobertson040411"/> In May 2013, Stingray purchased the Canadian accounts of [[eMedia Network]].<ref>Josh O'Kane, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/in-muzak-battle-stingray-snags-emedias-canadian-accounts/article11665159/ "In Muzak battle, Stingray snags eMedia's Canadian accounts,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', May 1, 2013.</ref> In 2014 Stingray acquired [[Stingray Lite TV|Lite TV]] from the Archibald Media Group,<ref>Robert Briel, [http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2014/06/13/stingray-digital-acquires-dutch-music-channels/ "Stingray Digital acquires Dutch music channels,"] Broadband TV News, June 13, 2014.</ref> and purchased [[Mood Media]]'s residential digital music service in Latin America for $16&nbsp;million.<ref name="nvpraet"/> In February 2015, Stingray acquired in-store commercial display company Groupe Viva.<ref>Dominique Lemoine, [http://www.directioninformatique.com/experience-client-stingray-acquiert-le-groupe-viva/33591 "Customer Experience: Stingray acquires Viva Group,"] Direction Informatique, February 17, 2015.</ref> In July 2015, Stingray announced it would pay $8&nbsp;million for [[Netherlands]]-based Brava Group, operator of thematic television music channels [[Stingray Brava|Brava NL]], Brava HD and [[Stingray Djazz|Djazz.TV]], with 35 million subscribers in 50 countries in Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean, with plans to bring the channels to the US, Canada and Latin America.<ref name="dvdlinde072415"/><ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/business/music-services-company-stingray-digital-perks-ears-for-acquisitions-1.2513851 "Music services company Stingray Digital perks ears for acquisitions,"] [[CTV News]], August 12, 2015.</ref>


In 2009, Stingray signed an agreement with [[Google]] to become a content partner by launching TheKARAOKEChannel [[YouTube]] channel.<ref name="grobertson040411"/><ref>Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/singing-for-profit-in-the-key-of-google/article4283549/ "Singing for profit, in the key of Google,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', July 14, 2009.</ref> In 2015, Stingray invested in App Direct, which develops online stores for business software applications,<ref>Yuliya Chernova, [https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2015/10/07/appdirect-lands-110-million-at-more-than-1-billion-valuation/ "AppDirect Lands $110 Million at More Than $1 Billion Valuation,"] ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', October 7, 2015.</ref> and made a deal with [[Air Canada]] to be the music provider on its flights. Stingray also has hotel chain partners, to feed Stingray's music into guest rooms.<ref name="dfriend">David Friend, [https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/07/06/montreals-stingray-digital-wades-into-music-streaming-waters.html "Montreal's Stingray Digital wades into music streaming waters,"] ''[[Toronto Star]]'', July 6, 2015.</ref>
In 2009, Stingray signed an agreement with [[Google]] to become a content partner by launching TheKARAOKEChannel [[YouTube]] channel.<ref name="grobertson040411"/><ref>Grant Robertson, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/singing-for-profit-in-the-key-of-google/article4283549/ "Singing for profit, in the key of Google,"] ''The Globe and Mail'', July 14, 2009.</ref> In 2015, Stingray invested in AppDirect, which develops online stores for business software applications,<ref>Yuliya Chernova, [https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2015/10/07/appdirect-lands-110-million-at-more-than-1-billion-valuation/ "AppDirect Lands $110 Million at More Than $1 Billion Valuation,"] ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', October 7, 2015.</ref> and made a deal with [[Air Canada]] to be the music provider on its flights. Stingray also has hotel chain partners, to feed Stingray's music into guest rooms.<ref name="dfriend">David Friend, [https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/07/06/montreals-stingray-digital-wades-into-music-streaming-waters.html "Montreal's Stingray Digital wades into music streaming waters,"] ''[[Toronto Star]]'', July 6, 2015.</ref>


On June 21, 2016, Stingray announced that it would acquire the [[MuchMusic]] spin-off channels [[Stingray Vibe|MuchVibe]], [[Stingray Loud|MuchLoud]], [[Stingray Retro|MuchRetro]], and [[Stingray Juicebox|Juicebox]] from [[Bell Media]].<ref>[http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-grows-its-channel-portfolio-acquisition-four-4 STINGRAY GROWS ITS CHANNEL PORTFOLIO WITH THE ACQUISITION OF FOUR (4) BELL MEDIA MUSIC VIDEO CHANNELS] Stingray Press Release 2016-06-21</ref>
On June 21, 2016, Stingray announced that it would acquire the [[Much (TV channel)|MuchMusic]] spin-off channels [[Stingray Vibe|MuchVibe]], [[Stingray Loud|MuchLoud]], [[Stingray Retro|MuchRetro]], and [[Stingray Juicebox|Juicebox]] from [[Bell Media]].<ref>[http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-grows-its-channel-portfolio-acquisition-four-4 STINGRAY GROWS ITS CHANNEL PORTFOLIO WITH THE ACQUISITION OF FOUR (4) BELL MEDIA MUSIC VIDEO CHANNELS] Stingray Press Release 2016-06-21</ref> The group of channels were previously owned by [[CHUM Limited]].


In May 2017, Stingray acquired Israel-based Yokee Music LTD, provider of three social music apps regularly ranked in the music category's top 10 in 100 countries: Yokee, Yokee Guitar, and Yokee Piano.
In May 2017, Stingray acquired Israel-based Yokee Music LTD, provider of three social music apps regularly ranked in the music category's top 10 in 100 countries: Yokee, Yokee Guitar, and Yokee Piano.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Inc |first=Stingray Group |date=2017-05-09 |title=Stingray Acquires Yokee Music LTD |language=en |work=Globe Newswire |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/05/09/1492996/0/en/Stingray-Acquires-Yokee-Music-LTD.html |access-date=2023-07-31}}</ref>


In January 2018, Stingray acquired the assets of New-York based Qello Concerts, the world’s leading over-the-top (OTT) streaming service for full-length, on-demand performances, concert films, and music documentaries — reaching users in more than 160 countries.
In January 2018, Stingray acquired the assets of New-York based Qello Concerts, the world's leading over-the-top (OTT) streaming service for full-length, on-demand performances, concert films, and music documentaries — reaching users in more than 160 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Inc |first=Stingray Group |date=2018-01-03 |title=Stingray Acquires Qello Concerts |language=en |work=Globe Newswire |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2018/01/03/1493131/0/en/Stingray-Acquires-Qello-Concerts.html |access-date=2023-07-31}}</ref>

⚫
On May 2, 2018, Stingray announced its intent to acquire [[Newcap Radio]] for $506&nbsp;million, marking the company's expansion into terrestrial radio broadcasting in Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Stingray Digital pushes into radio with $506-million purchase of Newfoundland Capital|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-stingray-digital-pushes-into-radio-with-purchase-of-newfoundland/|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> The sale was completed on October 26, 2018, with the family of company founder [[Harold R. Steele]] becoming Stingray's largest third-party shareholder.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=CRTC Approves $506-Million Sale of Newcap Radio to Stingray|url=http://vocm.com/news/crtc-approves-506-million-sale-of-newcap-radio-to-stingray/|access-date=2018-10-31|website=VOCM|language=en-US}}</ref>


In June 2018, in partnership with [[ADISQ]] and its website PalmarèsADISQ, Stingray launched [[PalmarèsADISQ par Stingray]], a new music channel devoted to Quebecois and [[French-Canadian music]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-06-15|title=Palmarès ADISQ: Stingray launches francophone music video channel|language=en-US|work=Montreal Gazette|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/music/palmares-adisq-stingray-launches-francophone-music-video-channel|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref>
In June 2018, in partnership with [[ADISQ]] and its website PalmarèsADISQ, Stingray launched [[PalmarèsADISQ par Stingray]], a new music channel devoted to Quebecois and [[French-Canadian music]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-06-15|title=Palmarès ADISQ: Stingray launches francophone music video channel|language=en-US|work=Montreal Gazette|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/music/palmares-adisq-stingray-launches-francophone-music-video-channel|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref>


In August 2018, Stingray announced that it had made a $120&nbsp;million takeover bid for its main competitor in the United States, [[Music Choice]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=2018-08-03|title=Music Choice Targeted in $120 Million Hostile Takeover Bid by Canada's Stingray|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/music-choice-takeover-bid-stingray-1202894478/|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Variety|language=en}}</ref> In January 2019, Stingray abandoned the bid, shortly after having reached a deal with [[Altice USA]] to replace Music Choice on its cablesystems.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-04|title=Stingray abandons move to acquire Music Choice|url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2019/01/04/stingray-abandons-move-to-acquire-music-choice/|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Digital TV Europe|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Farrell|first=Mike|title=Stingray Abandons Music Choice Takeover Bid|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/stingray-abandons-music-choice-takeover-bid|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Multichannel|language=en-us}}</ref>
In August 2018, Stingray announced that it had made a $120&nbsp;million takeover bid for its main competitor in the United States, [[Music Choice]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=2018-08-03|title=Music Choice Targeted in $120 Million Hostile Takeover Bid by Canada's Stingray|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/music-choice-takeover-bid-stingray-1202894478/|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Variety|language=en}}</ref> In January 2019, Stingray abandoned the bid, shortly after having reached a deal with [[Altice USA]] to replace Music Choice on its cablesystems.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-04|title=Stingray abandons move to acquire Music Choice|url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2019/01/04/stingray-abandons-move-to-acquire-music-choice/|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Digital TV Europe|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Farrell|first=Mike|title=Stingray Abandons Music Choice Takeover Bid|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/stingray-abandons-music-choice-takeover-bid|access-date=2019-01-05|website=Multichannel|date=2 January 2019 |language=en-us}}</ref>

In December 2018, the company officially changed its name to Stingray Group, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stingray Announces Finalization of Name Change|url=http://www.stingray.com/about-us/press-room/news-and-press-releases/stingray-announces-finalization-name-change|access-date=2019-01-26|website=Stingray|language=en}}</ref>


[[Stingray Brava]] was closed and merged with [[Stingray Classica]] on March 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jarco Kriek|date=20 January 2019|title=Verschraling zenderaanbod gaat door: weer tv-zender minder|url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nieuws/verschraling-zenderaanbod-gaat-door-weer-tvzender-minder/|publisher=TotaalTV.nl|language=nl}}</ref>
[[Stingray Brava]] was closed and merged with [[Stingray Classica]] on March 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jarco Kriek|date=20 January 2019|title=Verschraling zenderaanbod gaat door: weer tv-zender minder|url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nieuws/verschraling-zenderaanbod-gaat-door-weer-tvzender-minder/|publisher=TotaalTV.nl|language=nl}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 20:19, 25 September 2024

Stingray Group Inc.
Company typePublic
TSX: RAY.A
IndustryMedia
Founded2007; 17 years ago (2007)
Headquarters730, rue Wellington
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 1T4
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Eric Boyko
(president, CEO & founder)
RevenueUS$ 71 million (2015)[1]
Number of employees
1,200 (2023)
Websitestingray.com

Stingray Group Inc. (formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group) is a Canadian music, media and technology company based in Montreal, Quebec, with offices in Toronto, Ontario, as well as in the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Australia.

Stingray provides retail and consumer services, including audio and video channels, digital signage, subscription content, karaoke products, and in-car and on-board infotainment content.

Stingray Radio operates over 100 radio stations across Canada. It is Canada's second-largest owner of radio stations, behind Bell Media Radio.[2][3][4]

History

[edit]

Stingray was founded in May 2007 by Eric Boyko and Alexandre Taillefer, in partnership with Telesystem, following the purchase of karaoke company Soundchoice for $6 million. This gave them a catalogue of karaoke songs and a karaoke channel, allowing them to create The Karaoke Channel (now known as Stingray Karaoke).[3][5] Later that year, the company acquired cable TV commercial-free music service Galaxie from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation for $65 million, renaming it Stingray Music.[6][7] Taillefer exited the company in 2010.[6] In 2011, Stingray acquired Music Choice Europe.[8]

In May 2015, Stingray raised $140 million in its initial public offering. The sale gave the firm a market value of $296 million.[3] It began trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange on June 3, 2015, under the ticker RAY. Novacap sold most of its stake in the company after the IPO.[5]

On May 2, 2018, Stingray announced its intent to acquire Newcap Radio for $506 million, marking the company's expansion into terrestrial radio broadcasting in Canada.[9] The sale was completed on October 26, 2018, with the family of company founder Harold R. Steele becoming Stingray's largest third-party shareholder.[10] In December 2018, the company changed its name to Stingray Group.[11]

Although its services face competition from consumer-targeted streaming offerings such as Apple Music and Spotify, the company had continued to emphasize its use of manually-curated playlists for its services (as opposed to algorithmic recommendations), and its focus on international expansion into territories where pay television is experiencing growth, and promoting complementary services such as mobile apps.[12]

In January 2022, Stingray acquired InStore Audio Network, rebranding the company as Stingray Advertising the following year.[13]

Properties

[edit]

Business services

[edit]
  • Stingray Business, a provider of in-store music licensed for commercial use, audio-visual systems and TV screens
  • Chatter Research
  • Stingray Advertising

Karaoke services

[edit]
  • Stingray Karaoke, a licensed karaoke supplier and an interactive television and Internet service
  • Yokee Karaoke
  • Kid's Karaoke
  • The Voice Karaoke
  • Sing Karaoke by Stingray

Mobile apps

[edit]
  • Stingray Karaoke
  • Kid's Karaoke
  • Singing Machine
  • Stingray Music
  • Qello Concerts by Stingray
  • Stingray Classica
  • Yokee karaoke
  • Yokee Guitar
  • Yokee Piano
  • Piano Academy
  • The Piano Keyboard
  • Stingray Music for Businesses

TV Channels – concerts and shows

[edit]

TV Channels – 4K UHD

[edit]

TV Channels – music video

[edit]

Original content

[edit]
  • Stingray Pause Play
  • Evolution of a Song
  • Behind the Vinyl
  • Songbook

Radio and broadcast stations

[edit]
  • Stingray Radio, a group of terrestrial radio and television stations in Canada, formerly operating as Newcap Radio and Newcap Broadcasting.

Competitors

[edit]

Music Choice, which launched in 1991, is owned by Microsoft, Arris, Sony Corp. of America, EMI Music Publishing, Time Warner, Comcast, Cox Communications and Charter Communications. Music Choice is in 72 million American households.[15] The company filed the lawsuit against Stingray Digital in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas in June 2016 over patent infringement. The patents in dispute are U.S. Patent Nos. 8,769,602, 9,357,245, 7,320,025 and 9,351,045 pertaining to the on screen formatting of Stingray Digital's channels.[16] Stingray countersued Music Choice on August 29, 2016, calling it a "smear campaign".[17]

Canadian businessman Evan Kosiner applied for and currently holds (as of October 2015) the only other favorable broadcast license to compete with Stingray within Canada.[18]

See also: Comparison of on-demand music streaming services

Acquisitions and partnerships

[edit]

From its founding in 2007 through 2015, Stingray Digital acquired 18 companies, at a total cost of $150 million.[19][20] Its first purchase was Soundchoice, followed by Galaxie, from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.[20] In 2009, Stingray announced it would be acquiring the majority of assets in Max Trax from Corus Entertainment.[21] In August 2010, the company purchased Concert TV, a US video on demand service carrying recorded musical performances.[7] In April 2011, Stingray announced that it was purchasing London-based music streaming company Music Choice International, helping Stingray expand into Europe and Africa.[8] In May 2013, Stingray purchased the Canadian accounts of eMedia Network.[22] In 2014 Stingray acquired Lite TV from the Archibald Media Group,[23] and purchased Mood Media's residential digital music service in Latin America for $16 million.[2] In February 2015, Stingray acquired in-store commercial display company Groupe Viva.[24] In July 2015, Stingray announced it would pay $8 million for Netherlands-based Brava Group, operator of thematic television music channels Brava NL, Brava HD and Djazz.TV, with 35 million subscribers in 50 countries in Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean, with plans to bring the channels to the US, Canada and Latin America.[5][25]

In 2009, Stingray signed an agreement with Google to become a content partner by launching TheKARAOKEChannel YouTube channel.[8][26] In 2015, Stingray invested in AppDirect, which develops online stores for business software applications,[27] and made a deal with Air Canada to be the music provider on its flights. Stingray also has hotel chain partners, to feed Stingray's music into guest rooms.[28]

On June 21, 2016, Stingray announced that it would acquire the MuchMusic spin-off channels MuchVibe, MuchLoud, MuchRetro, and Juicebox from Bell Media.[29] The group of channels were previously owned by CHUM Limited.

In May 2017, Stingray acquired Israel-based Yokee Music LTD, provider of three social music apps regularly ranked in the music category's top 10 in 100 countries: Yokee, Yokee Guitar, and Yokee Piano.[30]

In January 2018, Stingray acquired the assets of New-York based Qello Concerts, the world's leading over-the-top (OTT) streaming service for full-length, on-demand performances, concert films, and music documentaries — reaching users in more than 160 countries.[31]

In June 2018, in partnership with ADISQ and its website PalmarèsADISQ, Stingray launched PalmarèsADISQ par Stingray, a new music channel devoted to Quebecois and French-Canadian music.[32]

In August 2018, Stingray announced that it had made a $120 million takeover bid for its main competitor in the United States, Music Choice.[33] In January 2019, Stingray abandoned the bid, shortly after having reached a deal with Altice USA to replace Music Choice on its cablesystems.[34][35]

Stingray Brava was closed and merged with Stingray Classica on March 1, 2019.[36]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Damon van der Lindeinvesting/stingray-digital-group-inc-plans-global-expansion-after-140mGroup Inc plans global expansion after $140M IPO,"] Financial Post, June 3, 2015.
  2. ^ a b Nicolas Van Praet, "Entrepreneur behind Galaxie music is betting on TV's survival," Financial Post, January 24, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Doug Alexander, "Stingray Digital Raises C$140 Million in IPO," Bloomberg Businessweek, May 26, 2015.
  4. ^ "Stingray Digital to raise $140M in IPO," CBC News, May 27, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Damon van der Linde, "Stingray Digital Group Inc plays to a bigger crowd with first acquisition since IPO," Financial Post, July 24, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Paul Delean, "Stingray Digital in a growth groove," Archived 2017-08-03 at the Wayback Machine Montreal Gazette, July 24, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Grant Robertson, "Stingray goes live with deal for Concert TV," The Globe and Mail, August 4, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c Grant Robertson, "Stingray Digital to buy London's Music Choice International," The Globe and Mail, April 4, 2011.
  9. ^ "Stingray Digital pushes into radio with $506-million purchase of Newfoundland Capital". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  10. ^ "CRTC Approves $506-Million Sale of Newcap Radio to Stingray". VOCM. Archived from the original on 2019-07-08. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  11. ^ "Stingray Announces Finalization of Name Change". Stingray. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-26.
  12. ^ "Why Stingray Digital is betting it all against streaming music". Canadian Business. 2016-02-25. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  13. ^ "A new beginning for ISAN". InStore Audio Network. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09.
  14. ^ "Stingray at the Forefront of the 4K Revolution with the Acquisition of Festival 4K". Stingray. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  15. ^ PowerPoint Presentation Archived 2016-11-04 at the Wayback Machine Music Choice 2016-06-7
  16. ^ Music Choice Sues Stingray, Accusing TV Rival of Patent Infringement Archived 2016-11-04 at the Wayback Machine Music Choice 2016-06-6
  17. ^ Stingray counters Music Choice’s lawsuit, calls it smear campaign Globe And Mail 2016-08-30
  18. ^ Broadcasting Decision 2015-449 CRTC 2015-10-1
  19. ^ Bertrand Marotte, "Stingray ups ante in mobile music sphere with new version of its app," The Globe and Mail, July 6, 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Stingray Digital said to seek about $120M in IPO," Montreal Gazette, April 24, 2015.
  21. ^ Corus Enters Agreement with Stingray Digital For Pay Audio Service Archived 2012-07-24 at archive.today; Broadcaster Magazine; 2009-02-13
  22. ^ Josh O'Kane, "In Muzak battle, Stingray snags eMedia's Canadian accounts," The Globe and Mail, May 1, 2013.
  23. ^ Robert Briel, "Stingray Digital acquires Dutch music channels," Broadband TV News, June 13, 2014.
  24. ^ Dominique Lemoine, "Customer Experience: Stingray acquires Viva Group," Direction Informatique, February 17, 2015.
  25. ^ "Music services company Stingray Digital perks ears for acquisitions," CTV News, August 12, 2015.
  26. ^ Grant Robertson, "Singing for profit, in the key of Google," The Globe and Mail, July 14, 2009.
  27. ^ Yuliya Chernova, "AppDirect Lands $110 Million at More Than $1 Billion Valuation," Wall Street Journal, October 7, 2015.
  28. ^ David Friend, "Montreal's Stingray Digital wades into music streaming waters," Toronto Star, July 6, 2015.
  29. ^ STINGRAY GROWS ITS CHANNEL PORTFOLIO WITH THE ACQUISITION OF FOUR (4) BELL MEDIA MUSIC VIDEO CHANNELS Stingray Press Release 2016-06-21
  30. ^ Inc, Stingray Group (2017-05-09). "Stingray Acquires Yokee Music LTD". Globe Newswire. Retrieved 2023-07-31. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  31. ^ Inc, Stingray Group (2018-01-03). "Stingray Acquires Qello Concerts". Globe Newswire. Retrieved 2023-07-31. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  32. ^ "Palmarès ADISQ: Stingray launches francophone music video channel". Montreal Gazette. 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  33. ^ Spangler, Todd (2018-08-03). "Music Choice Targeted in $120 Million Hostile Takeover Bid by Canada's Stingray". Variety. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  34. ^ "Stingray abandons move to acquire Music Choice". Digital TV Europe. 2019-01-04. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  35. ^ Farrell, Mike (2 January 2019). "Stingray Abandons Music Choice Takeover Bid". Multichannel. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  36. ^ Jarco Kriek (20 January 2019). "Verschraling zenderaanbod gaat door: weer tv-zender minder" (in Dutch). TotaalTV.nl.
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