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{{Short description|Portuguese businessman and colonial governor}}
{{Infobox governor
{{Infobox governor
|name = Manuel António Martins
|name = Manuel António Martins
Line 6: Line 7:
|birth_name =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 1772
|birth_date = 1772
|birth_place = Braga
|birth_place =
|death_date = 1845
|death_date = 1845
|death_place =
|death_place = Santa Maria, Portuguese Cape Verde
|nationality = Portuguese
|nationality = Portuguese
|office=[[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde|Colonial governor of Cape Verde]]
|office=[[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde|Colonial governor of Cape Verde]]
|term_start=1834
|term_start=14 February 1834
|term_end=1835
|term_end=1835
|predecessor=[[José Coutinho de Lencastre|D. José Coutinho de Lencastre]]
|predecessor=[[José Coutinho de Lencastre|D. José Coutinho de Lencastre]]
|successor=[[Joaquim Pereira Marinho]]
|successor=[[Joaquim Pereira Marinho]]
}}
}}
'''Manuel António Martins''' (1772 in Braga-1845) was a Portuguese businessman and colonial governor of [[Cape Verde]] and [[Portuguese Guinea]] from 1834 to 1835.<ref name=statesmen>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Cape_Verde.html|title=Cape Verde|website=worldstatesmen.org}}</ref> Martins was said to be the richest man in the country and nicknamed the Napoleon of the Cape Verde Islands.<ref name="brooks">{{cite book|last1=Brooks|first1=George E.|title=Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: symbiosis of slave and legitimate trades|date=10 December 2010|isbn=9781452088709|pages=99–120|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIm0ElCNK1gC&pg=PA99|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref> He arrived in Cape Verde in 1792. He started the exploitation of the salt ponds of [[Pedra de Lume]] on the island of [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]] in 1796.<ref name=wh>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6106/ Salines de Pedra de Lume], UNESCO World Heritage tentative list {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
'''Manuel António Martins''' (1772 in Braga-1845) was a Portuguese administrator and colonial governor of Cape Verde and Guinea (Portuguese Guinea, now Guinea-Bissau) from 1833 to 1835.


In May 1819, Martins co-established a fishing company with the Governor of Cape Verde, [[António Pusich]]. Martins's partnership with Pusich soured after Pusich accused Martin of trying to sell [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]] and [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]] to the British.<ref name="brooks"/> After the accusation, Martins instigated a riot in [[Praia]] in May 1821 that led to the overthrow of Pusich.<ref name="brooks"/> In 1819, Martins was appointed by [[Samuel Hodges, Jr.]] as an honorary vice-consul for the [[United States]] on the island of [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]].<ref name=IJAHS>{{cite journal|last1=Brooks|first1=G.E.|title=Samuel Hodges, Jr., and the Symbiosis of Slave and "Legitimate" Trades, 1810s-1820s|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2008|volume=41|issue=1|pages=101–116|jstor=40282458}}</ref> He founded the town of [[Santa Maria, Cape Verde|Santa Maria]] on Sal in 1830.<ref name="History of Sal">{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html |archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
==Early life==
Martins was born in Braga to João António Cosqueiro and Bernarda di Autrello.


In December 1833, Martins was appointed [[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde|colonial governor of Cape Verde]] and Guinea,<ref name="brooks"/> assuming office on 14 February 1834.<ref name=gomes/> His tenure lasted until March 1835.<ref name=statesmen/> In 1834 he established the municipality of [[Santa Catarina, Cape Verde|Santa Catarina]] with its seat in [[Picos, Cape Verde|Picos]], replacing the old municipality of [[Cidade Velha|Ribeira Grande]].<ref name=gomes>[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/2349/1/anazenaida2.pdf Evolução histórica do Concelho de Santa Catarina (1834 – 1912)], Ana Zenaida Gomes, 2005, p. 16</ref>
==Diplomacy==
Martins moved to Cape Verde in 1792. Martins was nominated royal counsellor. In 1819, he was nominated by [[Samuel Hodges, Jr.]] as a honorary vice-consul to the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brooks|first1=G.E.|title=Samuel Hodges, Jr., and the Symbiosis of Slave and "Legitimate" Trades, 1810s-1820s|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2008|volume=41|issue=1|pages=101–116|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40282458|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref> and the main responsible of a settlement on [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal Island]]. Martins later became signed as a prefect.

became the 71st [[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde|colonial governor of Cape Verde]] and Guinea between 1833 and 1835.

==Slavery==
Martins made slaves on the island since 1799 for exploring salt in [[Pedra de Lume]], Sal's first settlement, discovered a marsh right for its activity, some steps for a good anchorage. Its access to a march had been opened to slaves, in 1804, a tunnel was carved (first in Cape Verde) to carry salts out to port, made by [[Turinvest]] and was numbered "P14" and changed to a [[thalassotherapy]] (salt therapy) center.

==Later life==
In 1830, he officially founded [[Santa Maria, Cape Verde|Santa Maria]] in the south of Sal, and later raised its business in Pedra de Lume. The main defender of Cape Verde and administrator of marketing, Martins helped fund grocery expenses during famine. During the famine, he temporarily moved the capital to Picos for several years on February 14, 1834.<ref>"Discurso PM, Dr. [[José Maria Neves|José Maria Pereira Neves]], na Cerimónia de Inauguração da Universidade de Santiago", Assomada, February 16, 2009</ref>

==Personal life==
He married Maria Josefa Ferreira, daughter of Aniceto António Ferreira Álvares Mendes.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde]]
*[[List of colonial governors of Cape Verde]]
*[[List of governors of Portuguese Guinea]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
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[[Category:1772 births]]
[[Category:1772 births]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Braga]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Portuguese diplomats]]
[[Category:Portuguese diplomats]]
[[Category:Colonial heads of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Colonial heads of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Portuguese colonial governors and administrators]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Italian descent]]


{{Portugal-diplomat-stub}}
{{CapeVerde-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:29, 25 September 2024

Manuel António Martins
Colonial governor of Cape Verde
In office
14 February 1834 – 1835
Preceded byD. José Coutinho de Lencastre
Succeeded byJoaquim Pereira Marinho
Personal details
Born1772
Died1845
Santa Maria, Portuguese Cape Verde
NationalityPortuguese

Manuel António Martins (1772 in Braga-1845) was a Portuguese businessman and colonial governor of Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea from 1834 to 1835.[1] Martins was said to be the richest man in the country and nicknamed the Napoleon of the Cape Verde Islands.[2] He arrived in Cape Verde in 1792. He started the exploitation of the salt ponds of Pedra de Lume on the island of Sal in 1796.[3]

In May 1819, Martins co-established a fishing company with the Governor of Cape Verde, António Pusich. Martins's partnership with Pusich soured after Pusich accused Martin of trying to sell São Vicente and Sal to the British.[2] After the accusation, Martins instigated a riot in Praia in May 1821 that led to the overthrow of Pusich.[2] In 1819, Martins was appointed by Samuel Hodges, Jr. as an honorary vice-consul for the United States on the island of Boa Vista.[4] He founded the town of Santa Maria on Sal in 1830.[5]

In December 1833, Martins was appointed colonial governor of Cape Verde and Guinea,[2] assuming office on 14 February 1834.[6] His tenure lasted until March 1835.[1] In 1834 he established the municipality of Santa Catarina with its seat in Picos, replacing the old municipality of Ribeira Grande.[6]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Cape Verde". worldstatesmen.org.
  2. ^ a b c d Brooks, George E. (10 December 2010). Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: symbiosis of slave and legitimate trades. pp. 99–120. ISBN 9781452088709. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  3. ^ Salines de Pedra de Lume, UNESCO World Heritage tentative list (in French)
  4. ^ Brooks, G.E. (2008). "Samuel Hodges, Jr., and the Symbiosis of Slave and "Legitimate" Trades, 1810s-1820s". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 41 (1): 101–116. JSTOR 40282458.
  5. ^ Ray Almeida. "A History of Ilha do Sal". Archived from the original on 6 February 2016.
  6. ^ a b Evolução histórica do Concelho de Santa Catarina (1834 – 1912), Ana Zenaida Gomes, 2005, p. 16
Preceded by Colonial Governor of Cape Verde
1834-35 		Succeeded by
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