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{{short description|Italian electronic engineer}}
{{short description|Italian physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Anna Grassellino
| name = Anna Grassellino
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* [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] (2017)
* [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] (2017)
* The IPAC Frank Sacherer Prize (2017)
* The IPAC Frank Sacherer Prize (2017)
* [[New Horizons in Physics Prize]] (2023)
}}
}}
| workplaces = [[Fermilab]]
| workplaces = [[Fermilab]]
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}}


'''Anna Grassellino''' (born 1981) is an Italian electronic engineer, Senior Scientist and Deputy Head of the Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology Division at [[Fermilab]]. In 2017, she was awarded the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] by [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/09/president-obama-honors-federally-funded-early-career-scientists|title=President Obama Honors Federally-Funded Early-Career Scientists|website=obamawhitehouse.archives.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23|date=2017-01-09}}</ref> In 2019 Grassellino became the Deputy Chief Technology Officer at Fermilab.<ref>https://news.fnal.gov/2019/12/fermilab-scientist-anna-grassellino-is-new-deputy-chief-technology-officer/</ref>
'''Anna Grassellino''' (born 1981) is an Italian and American physicist, Senior Scientist and, since 2020, Director of the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center at [[Fermilab]]. In 2017 she was awarded the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] by [[Barack Obama]].


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Grassellino is from [[Marsala]], Italy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.marsalanews.it/alla-scienziata-marsalese-anna-grassellino-la-piu-alta-onorificenza-del-rotary/|title=Alla scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino la più alta onorificenza del Rotary - Marsala News|date=2018-07-10|work=Marsala News|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref> She attended the Scientific High School of Marsala graduating cum laude.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.itacanotizie.it/anna-grassellino-leopolda/|title=La scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino alla Leopolda: "L'Italia deve ripartire dai sogni"|date=2017-11-26|work=Itaca Notizie|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref> She studied [[electronic engineering]] at the [[University of Pisa]], graduating in 2005 with a thesis in microelectronics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://it.blastingnews.com/cultura-spettacoli/2017/01/premiata-da-barack-obama-anna-grassellino-ricercatrice-siciliana-001392551.html|title=Premiata da Barack Obama Anna Grassellino, ricercatrice siciliana|date=2017-01-13|work=Blasting News|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it}}</ref> She spent the summer of 2004 as an intern at [[Fermilab]] and met [[Nigel Lockyer]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://thepenngazette.com/breakthroughs-in-superconductivity-an-accelerated-journey/|title=The Pennsylvania Gazette » Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey|website=thepenngazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She joined the [[University of Pennsylvania]] for her graduate studies as she wanted to study free from gender bias.<ref name=":1" /> For her doctorate, she specialized in superconducting radio frequency technology and applied physics working with [[Nigel Lockyer]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2009 she was awarded the top young researcher poster prize at the International Particle Accelerator Conference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.triumf.ca/headlines/awards-honours/anna-grassellino-takes-first-prize-pac09-poster-session|title=Anna Grassellino Takes First Prize at PAC09 {{!}} TRIUMF : Canada's particle accelerator centre|website=www.triumf.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She worked in [[Philadelphia]] and [[Vancouver|at TRIUMF in Vancouver]], and eventually graduated in 2011.
Grassellino is from the Southern city of [[Marsala]] in Italy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.marsalanews.it/alla-scienziata-marsalese-anna-grassellino-la-piu-alta-onorificenza-del-rotary/|title=Alla scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino la più alta onorificenza del Rotary – Marsala News|date=2018-07-10|work=Marsala News|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref> She attended the Scientific High School of Marsala graduating cum laude.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.itacanotizie.it/anna-grassellino-leopolda/|title=La scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino alla Leopolda: "L'Italia deve ripartire dai sogni"|date=2017-11-26|work=Itaca Notizie|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref> She studied [[electronic engineering]] at the [[University of Pisa]], graduating in 2005 with a thesis in microelectronics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://it.blastingnews.com/cultura-spettacoli/2017/01/premiata-da-barack-obama-anna-grassellino-ricercatrice-siciliana-001392551.html|title=Premiata da Barack Obama Anna Grassellino, ricercatrice siciliana|date=2017-01-13|work=Blasting News|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it}}</ref> She spent the summer of 2004 as an intern at [[Fermilab]] and met [[Nigel Lockyer]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://thepenngazette.com/breakthroughs-in-superconductivity-an-accelerated-journey/|title=The Pennsylvania Gazette » Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey|website=thepenngazette.com|date=28 October 2016|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She joined the [[University of Pennsylvania]] for her graduate studies.<ref name=":1" /> For her doctorate, she specialized in superconducting radio frequency technology and applied physics working with [[Nigel Lockyer]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2009 she was awarded the top young researcher poster prize at the International Particle Accelerator Conference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.triumf.ca/headlines/awards-honours/anna-grassellino-takes-first-prize-pac09-poster-session|title=Anna Grassellino Takes First Prize at PAC09 {{!}} TRIUMF : Canada's particle accelerator centre|website=www.triumf.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She worked in [[Philadelphia]] and [[Vancouver|at TRIUMF in Vancouver]], and eventually graduated in 2011.


== Research and career ==
== Research and career ==


Grassellino was appointed as a postdoctoral researcher at [[Fermilab]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uominiebusiness.it/default.aspx?c=638&a=25434&tag=Anna-la-ragazza-di-Chicago|title=Anna, la ragazza di Chicago – Uomini & Business|website=www.uominiebusiness.it|language=it|access-date=2018-10-02|archive-date=2020-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921181550/https://www.uominiebusiness.it/default.aspx?c=638&a=25434&tag=Anna-la-ragazza-di-Chicago|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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Grassellino was appointed as a postdoctoral researcher at [[Fermilab]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uominiebusiness.it/default.aspx?c=638&a=25434&tag=Anna-la-ragazza-di-Chicago|title=Anna, la ragazza di Chicago - Uomini & Business|website=www.uominiebusiness.it|language=it|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She was then appointed Scientist in 2015 and Senior Scientist in 2018. Grassellino has covered leadership roles at Fermilab starting from group leader in 2014 to Deputy Division Head in 2016 and Deputy Chief Technology Officer in 2019. She currently manages an Associate Professor position at [[Northwestern University]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beamscience.uchicago.edu/members/|title=UChicago High Energy Physics|website=beamscience.uchicago.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.physics.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/joint-faculty/|title=Joint Faculty:Department of Physics and Astronomy|website=www.physics.northwestern.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref> where she is Co-Director of the Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology ([https://capst.northwestern.edu CAPST]). She is known for her pioneering work in superconducting radio frequency cavities for next generation particle accelerators.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite arxiv|last=Grassellino|first=A.|last2=Romanenko|first2=A.|last3=Bice|first3=D.|last4=Melnychuk|first4=O.|last5=Crawford|first5=A. C.|last6=Chandrasekaran|first6=S.|last7=Sung|first7=Z.|last8=Sergatskov|first8=D. A.|last9=Checchin|first9=M.|date=2018-06-26|title=Accelerating fields up to 49 MV/m in TESLA-shape superconducting RF niobium cavities via 75C vacuum bake|eprint=1806.09824|class=physics.acc-ph}}</ref> As a postdoc, Grassellino experimented with introducing a small amount of nitrogen into the inner surface of the cavities, which are made of niobium and surface treated using electropolishing.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lanazione.it/pisa/cultura/universit%C3%A0-1.3235304|title=Anna Grassellino, la scienziata premiata da Obama - La Nazione|last=Nazione|first=La|date=2017-06-29|work=La Nazione|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Anna|first=Grassellino|title=Field-dependent losses in superconducting niobium cavities|date=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3497980/|language=en}}</ref> She and her group noticed that residual nitrogen remaining in the cavity systematically improved the RF superconductivity response.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://cryogenicsociety.org/35891/news/sending_out_an_srf_fermilab_and_northwestern_partner_for_applied_superconductivity_center/|title=Sending out an SRF, Fermilab and Northwestern Partner for Applied Superconductivity Center|work=Cryogenic Society of America|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> By baking the niobium SRF cavities at high temperatures in the presence of nitrogen, the [[Q factor]]s more than tripled; dramatically reducing the cryogenic costs of the large accelerator facilities.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://newsline.linearcollider.org/2013/11/21/a-little-dirt-never-hurt/|title='A little dirt never hurt' {{!}} LC NewsLine|website=newsline.linearcollider.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She made the discovery of nitrogen doping by accident, hoping to create niobium nitride but instead found with her FNAL group - via material and surface science studies - that the real effect was due to nitrogen as interstitial.<ref name=":5" /> Superconducting radio frequency cavities generate high energy with high current and expel magnetic flux, which can result in power dissipation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quantumdiaries.org/tag/srf/|title=Quantum Diaries|website=www.quantumdiaries.org|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> The technology has been adopted as the standard for SRF cavities and used in laboratories all over the world, as well as private firms.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hep.caltech.edu/aaas2015/|title=Innovations in Accelerator Science|website=hep.caltech.edu|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> The LCLS-II HE upgrades at SLAC are the first world class accelerator facilities to be built entirely with the nitrogen doping technology. In 2015 she was awarded a $2.5 million Early Career Award from the [[United States Department of Energy]], which allowed her to employ postdocs.<ref name=":2" />
She was then appointed Scientist in 2015 and Senior Scientist in 2018. Grassellino has covered leadership roles at Fermilab starting from group leader in 2014 to Deputy Division Head in 2016 and Deputy Chief Technology Officer in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.fnal.gov/2019/12/fermilab-scientist-anna-grassellino-is-new-deputy-chief-technology-officer/|title=Fermilab scientist Anna Grassellino is new deputy chief technology officer|date=5 December 2019}}</ref>
Since 2020 she is the Director of the SQMS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sqms.fnal.gov/|title=SQMS|language=en|accessdate=2021-12-19}}</ref> (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center at [[Fermilab]].
She also currently manages an Associate Professor position at [[Northwestern University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beamscience.uchicago.edu/members/|title=UChicago High Energy Physics|website=beamscience.uchicago.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.physics.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/joint-faculty/|title=Joint Faculty:Department of Physics and Astronomy|website=www.physics.northwestern.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref> where she is Co-Director of CAPST<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://capst.northwestern.edu|title=CAPST|language=en|accessdate=2021-12-19}}</ref> (Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology).


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She is known for her pioneering work in superconducting radio frequency cavities for next generation particle accelerators.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grassellino|first1=A. |last2=Romanenko|first2=A. |last3=Bice|first3=D. |last4=Melnychuk|first4=O. |last5=Crawford|first5=A. C. |last6=Chandrasekaran|first6=S.|last7=Sung|first7=Z.|last8=Sergatskov|first8=D. A.|last9=Checchin|first9=M.|title=Accelerating fields up to 49 MV/m in TESLA-shape superconducting RF niobium cavities via 75 C vacuum bake|eprint=1806.09824}}</ref> As a postdoc, Grassellino experimented with introducing a small amount of nitrogen into the inner surface of the cavities, which are made of niobium and surface treated using electropolishing.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lanazione.it/pisa/cultura/universit%C3%A0-1.3235304|title=Anna Grassellino, la scienziata premiata da Obama – La Nazione|last=Nazione|first=La|date=2017-06-29|work=La Nazione|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Anna|first=Grassellino|title=Field-dependent losses in superconducting niobium cavities|date=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3497980/|language=en}}</ref> She and her group noticed that residual nitrogen remaining in the cavity systematically improved the RF superconductivity response.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://cryogenicsociety.org/35891/news/sending_out_an_srf_fermilab_and_northwestern_partner_for_applied_superconductivity_center/|title=Sending out an SRF, Fermilab and Northwestern Partner for Applied Superconductivity Center|work=Cryogenic Society of America|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205223826/https://www.cryogenicsociety.org/35891/news/sending_out_an_srf_fermilab_and_northwestern_partner_for_applied_superconductivity_center/|url-status=dead}}</ref> By baking the niobium SRF cavities at high temperatures in the presence of nitrogen, the [[Q factor]]s more than tripled; dramatically reducing the cryogenic costs of the large accelerator facilities.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://newsline.linearcollider.org/2013/11/21/a-little-dirt-never-hurt/|title='A little dirt never hurt' {{!}} LC NewsLine|website=newsline.linearcollider.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She made the discovery of nitrogen doping by accident, hoping to create niobium nitride but instead found with her FNAL group – via material and surface science studies – that the real effect was due to nitrogen as interstitial.<ref name=":5" /> Superconducting radio frequency cavities generate high energy with high current and expel magnetic flux, which can result in power dissipation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quantumdiaries.org/tag/srf/|title=Quantum Diaries|website=www.quantumdiaries.org|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> The technology has been adopted as the standard for SRF cavities and used in laboratories all over the world, as well as private firms.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hep.caltech.edu/aaas2015/|title=Innovations in Accelerator Science|website=hep.caltech.edu|access-date=2018-10-02|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608225437/http://hep.caltech.edu/aaas2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The LCLS-II HE upgrades at SLAC are the first world class accelerator facilities to be built entirely with the nitrogen doping technology. In 2015, she was awarded a $2.5 million Early Career Award from the [[United States Department of Energy]], which allowed her to employ postdoctoral fellows.<ref name=":2" />
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Anna has given several international talks, including the keynote talk at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Innovations in Accelerator Science conference in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2015/webprogram/Session8932.html|title=Session: Innovations in Accelerator Science (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12–16 February 2015))|website=aaas.confex.com|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> In 2016 she hosted [[Matteo Renzi]] at [[Fermilab]], who asked her to support him in representing Italians Abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/17_luglio_26/pd-volto-nuovo-grassellino-societa-civile-aiutare-matteo-renzi-dbe7fb18-7218-11e7-9029-c4822e477054.shtml?refresh_ce-cp|title=Pd, Renzi e il volto nuovo Grassellino: "Io dalla società civile per Matteo"|last=Losi|first=Alvise|work=Corriere della Sera|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fabioporta.com/fabio-porta-pd-buon-lavoro-alla-nuova-responsabile-del-pd-per-gli-italiani-nel-mondo-anna-grassellino-e-grazie-eugenio-marino-per-il-lavoro-svolto/|title=Fabio Porta (PD): buon lavoro alla nuova responsabile del PD per gli italiani nel mondo, Anna Grassellino, e grazie a Eugenio Marino per il lavoro svolto - Deputato Fabio Porta - Sito Ufficiale|date=2017-07-24|work=Deputato Fabio Porta - Sito Ufficiale|access-date=2018-10-02|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-nel-mondo-porta-pd-buon-lavoro-grassellino-grazie-marino/|title=Italiani nel mondo, Porta (Pd): "Buon lavoro a Grassellino, grazie Marino" - Italia chiama Italia|date=2017-07-24|work=Italia chiama Italia|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/news/ct-abn-fermilab-italian-prime-minister-st-0331-20160330-story.html|title=Italian prime minister visits Fermilab in Batavia|last=Leone|first=Hannah|work=Aurora Beacon-News|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> She won the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award in 2016, the U.S. Particle Accelerator School's Prize for Achievement in Accelerator Physics and Technology in 2017,<ref name="penngazette">{{cite news |title=Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey |url=http://thepenngazette.com/breakthroughs-in-superconductivity-an-accelerated-journey/ |accessdate=10 October 2018 |work=The Pennsylvania Gazette |date=28 October 2016}}</ref> and the 2017 Frank Sacherer Prize for early-career achievement in the accelerator field.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipac17.org/accelerator-prizes|title=Accelerator Prizes {{!}} IPAC '17|website=ipac17.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |doi=10.1109/pac.1991.165032|isbn=978-0780301351 |chapter-url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1097944/ |chapter=An active particle accelerator |title=Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference |pages=2569–2571 |year=1991 |last1=Goldman |first1=T. }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] in 2017 from [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Matteo Renzi|title=L'intervento di Anna Grassellino|date=2017-11-26|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG7StW0vv7U|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/pisa/cronaca/2017/01/14/news/laureata-a-pisa-premiata-negli-usa-da-barack-obama-1.14713824?refresh_ce|title=Laureata a Pisa premiata negli Usa da Barack Obama - Cronaca - il Tirreno|date=2017-01-14|work=il Tirreno|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lastampa.it/2017/01/18/scienza/i-tre-italiani-che-hanno-stregato-lamerica-pdRUb4BH8k8eh9ATyagoVJ/pagina.html|title=I tre italiani che hanno stregato l'America|work=lastampa.it/scienza|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref> She has given popular science lectures in Italy and America.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ideazionenews.it/articoli/39742/doppio-incontro-di-volti-di-donne-tra-le-figure-femminili-anche-stefania-renda-e-anna-grassellino/|title=Doppio incontro di "Volti di Donne", tra le figure femminili anche Stefania Renda e Anna Grassellino|work=Ideazionenews|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/events/597f6ca10986e13e008f9ec0|title=Fermilab and the New Frontiers of Physics|website=BiblioEvents|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> She is the co-director of the Fermilab and Northwestern Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST).<ref name=":4" /> In 2018 she was awarded the highest honour of the [[Rotary Club]] of [[Marsala|Marsala Lilibeo]].<ref name=":0" />

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Grassellino has given several international talks, including the keynote talk at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Innovations in Accelerator Science conference in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2015/webprogram/Session8932.html|title=Session: Innovations in Accelerator Science (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12–16 February 2015))|website=aaas.confex.com|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> In 2016 she hosted [[Matteo Renzi]] at [[Fermilab]], who asked her to support him in representing Italians Abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/17_luglio_26/pd-volto-nuovo-grassellino-societa-civile-aiutare-matteo-renzi-dbe7fb18-7218-11e7-9029-c4822e477054.shtml?refresh_ce-cp|title=Pd, Renzi e il volto nuovo Grassellino: "Io dalla società civile per Matteo"|last=Losi|first=Alvise|work=Corriere della Sera|access-date=2018-10-01|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fabioporta.com/fabio-porta-pd-buon-lavoro-alla-nuova-responsabile-del-pd-per-gli-italiani-nel-mondo-anna-grassellino-e-grazie-eugenio-marino-per-il-lavoro-svolto/|title=Fabio Porta (PD): buon lavoro alla nuova responsabile del PD per gli italiani nel mondo, Anna Grassellino, e grazie a Eugenio Marino per il lavoro svolto – Deputato Fabio Porta – Sito Ufficiale|date=2017-07-24|work=Deputato Fabio Porta – Sito Ufficiale|access-date=2018-10-02|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-nel-mondo-porta-pd-buon-lavoro-grassellino-grazie-marino/|title=Italiani nel mondo, Porta (Pd): "Buon lavoro a Grassellino, grazie Marino" – Italia chiama Italia|date=2017-07-24|work=Italia chiama Italia|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/news/ct-abn-fermilab-italian-prime-minister-st-0331-20160330-story.html|title=Italian prime minister visits Fermilab in Batavia|last=Leone|first=Hannah|work=Aurora Beacon-News|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> She won the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award in 2016, the U.S. Particle Accelerator School's Prize for Achievement in Accelerator Physics and Technology in 2017,<ref name="penngazette">{{cite news |title=Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey |url=http://thepenngazette.com/breakthroughs-in-superconductivity-an-accelerated-journey/ |access-date=10 October 2018 |work=The Pennsylvania Gazette |date=28 October 2016}}</ref> and the 2017 Frank Sacherer Prize for early-career achievement in the accelerator field.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipac17.org/accelerator-prizes|title=Accelerator Prizes {{!}} IPAC '17|website=ipac17.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |doi=10.1109/pac.1991.165032|isbn=978-0780301351 |chapter-url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1097944/ |chapter=An active particle accelerator |title=Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference |pages=2569–2571 |year=1991 |last1=Goldman |first1=T. |osti=5936504 |s2cid=10313255 }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] in 2017 from [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Matteo Renzi|title=L'intervento di Anna Grassellino|date=2017-11-26|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG7StW0vv7U|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/pisa/cronaca/2017/01/14/news/laureata-a-pisa-premiata-negli-usa-da-barack-obama-1.14713824?refresh_ce|title=Laureata a Pisa premiata negli Usa da Barack Obama – Cronaca – il Tirreno|date=2017-01-14|work=il Tirreno|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lastampa.it/2017/01/18/scienza/i-tre-italiani-che-hanno-stregato-lamerica-pdRUb4BH8k8eh9ATyagoVJ/pagina.html|title=I tre italiani che hanno stregato l'America|work=lastampa.it/scienza|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT}}</ref> She has given popular science lectures in Italy and America.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ideazionenews.it/articoli/39742/doppio-incontro-di-volti-di-donne-tra-le-figure-femminili-anche-stefania-renda-e-anna-grassellino/|title=Doppio incontro di "Volti di Donne", tra le figure femminili anche Stefania Renda e Anna Grassellino|work=Ideazionenews|access-date=2018-10-02|language=it-IT|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003061755/http://www.ideazionenews.it/articoli/39742/doppio-incontro-di-volti-di-donne-tra-le-figure-femminili-anche-stefania-renda-e-anna-grassellino/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/events/597f6ca10986e13e008f9ec0|title=Fermilab and the New Frontiers of Physics|website=BiblioEvents|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-02|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003014304/https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/events/597f6ca10986e13e008f9ec0|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is the co-director of the Fermilab and Northwestern Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST).<ref name=":4" /> In 2018, she was awarded the highest honour of the [[Rotary Club]] of [[Marsala|Marsala Lilibeo]].<ref name=":0" />

== Honors ==
In 2017, Grassellino was awarded the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] by [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/09/president-obama-honors-federally-funded-early-career-scientists|title=President Obama Honors Federally-Funded Early-Career Scientists|website=obamawhitehouse.archives.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23|date=2017-01-09}}</ref>

In 2020, she was elected [[List of American Physical Society Fellows (2011–)|Fellow]] of the [[American Physical Society]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm|title=APS Fellows Archive|access-date=2020-10-09}}</ref>

In 2022, Grasselino was awarded the 2023 [[Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics | New Horizons Prize in fundamental physics]] from the [[Breakthrough Prize]] Foundation.<ref>[https://news.fnal.gov/2022/09/anna-grassellino-awarded-a-breakthrough-prize-in-fundamental-physics/ "Anna Grassellino awarded New Horizons Prize in fundamental physics" – Fermilab]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 06:42, 26 September 2024

Anna Grassellino
Grassellino in Fermilab with single-cell cavity in 2012
Alma mater
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsFermilab

Anna Grassellino (born 1981) is an Italian and American physicist, Senior Scientist and, since 2020, Director of the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center at Fermilab. In 2017 she was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers by Barack Obama.

Early life and education

[edit]

Grassellino is from the Southern city of Marsala in Italy.[1] She attended the Scientific High School of Marsala graduating cum laude.[2] She studied electronic engineering at the University of Pisa, graduating in 2005 with a thesis in microelectronics.[3] She spent the summer of 2004 as an intern at Fermilab and met Nigel Lockyer.[4] She joined the University of Pennsylvania for her graduate studies.[2] For her doctorate, she specialized in superconducting radio frequency technology and applied physics working with Nigel Lockyer.[1] In 2009 she was awarded the top young researcher poster prize at the International Particle Accelerator Conference.[5] She worked in Philadelphia and at TRIUMF in Vancouver, and eventually graduated in 2011.

Research and career

[edit]

Grassellino was appointed as a postdoctoral researcher at Fermilab in 2012.[6] She was then appointed Scientist in 2015 and Senior Scientist in 2018. Grassellino has covered leadership roles at Fermilab starting from group leader in 2014 to Deputy Division Head in 2016 and Deputy Chief Technology Officer in 2019.[7] Since 2020 she is the Director of the SQMS[8] (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center at Fermilab. She also currently manages an Associate Professor position at Northwestern University[9][10] where she is Co-Director of CAPST[11] (Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology).

She is known for her pioneering work in superconducting radio frequency cavities for next generation particle accelerators.[1][12] As a postdoc, Grassellino experimented with introducing a small amount of nitrogen into the inner surface of the cavities, which are made of niobium and surface treated using electropolishing.[13][14] She and her group noticed that residual nitrogen remaining in the cavity systematically improved the RF superconductivity response.[4][15] By baking the niobium SRF cavities at high temperatures in the presence of nitrogen, the Q factors more than tripled; dramatically reducing the cryogenic costs of the large accelerator facilities.[13][16] She made the discovery of nitrogen doping by accident, hoping to create niobium nitride but instead found with her FNAL group – via material and surface science studies – that the real effect was due to nitrogen as interstitial.[16] Superconducting radio frequency cavities generate high energy with high current and expel magnetic flux, which can result in power dissipation.[17] The technology has been adopted as the standard for SRF cavities and used in laboratories all over the world, as well as private firms.[4][18] The LCLS-II HE upgrades at SLAC are the first world class accelerator facilities to be built entirely with the nitrogen doping technology. In 2015, she was awarded a $2.5 million Early Career Award from the United States Department of Energy, which allowed her to employ postdoctoral fellows.[4]

Grassellino has given several international talks, including the keynote talk at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Innovations in Accelerator Science conference in 2015.[19] In 2016 she hosted Matteo Renzi at Fermilab, who asked her to support him in representing Italians Abroad.[20][21][22][23] She won the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award in 2016, the U.S. Particle Accelerator School's Prize for Achievement in Accelerator Physics and Technology in 2017,[24] and the 2017 Frank Sacherer Prize for early-career achievement in the accelerator field.[25][26] She was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2017 from Barack Obama.[27][28][29] She has given popular science lectures in Italy and America.[30][31] She is the co-director of the Fermilab and Northwestern Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST).[15] In 2018, she was awarded the highest honour of the Rotary Club of Marsala Lilibeo.[1]

Honors

[edit]

In 2017, Grassellino was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers by Barack Obama.[32]

In 2020, she was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society.[33]

In 2022, Grasselino was awarded the 2023 New Horizons Prize in fundamental physics from the Breakthrough Prize Foundation.[34]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Alla scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino la più alta onorificenza del Rotary – Marsala News". Marsala News (in Italian). 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  2. ^ a b "La scienziata marsalese Anna Grassellino alla Leopolda: "L'Italia deve ripartire dai sogni"". Itaca Notizie (in Italian). 2017-11-26. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  3. ^ "Premiata da Barack Obama Anna Grassellino, ricercatrice siciliana". Blasting News (in Italian). 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  4. ^ a b c d "The Pennsylvania Gazette » Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey". thepenngazette.com. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  5. ^ "Anna Grassellino Takes First Prize at PAC09 | TRIUMF : Canada's particle accelerator centre". www.triumf.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  6. ^ "Anna, la ragazza di Chicago – Uomini & Business". www.uominiebusiness.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  7. ^ "Fermilab scientist Anna Grassellino is new deputy chief technology officer". 5 December 2019.
  8. ^ "SQMS". Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  9. ^ "UChicago High Energy Physics". beamscience.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  10. ^ "Joint Faculty:Department of Physics and Astronomy". www.physics.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  11. ^ "CAPST". Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  12. ^ Grassellino, A.; Romanenko, A.; Bice, D.; Melnychuk, O.; Crawford, A. C.; Chandrasekaran, S.; Sung, Z.; Sergatskov, D. A.; Checchin, M. "Accelerating fields up to 49 MV/m in TESLA-shape superconducting RF niobium cavities via 75 C vacuum bake". arXiv:1806.09824.
  13. ^ a b Nazione, La (2017-06-29). "Anna Grassellino, la scienziata premiata da Obama – La Nazione". La Nazione (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  14. ^ Anna, Grassellino (2011). Field-dependent losses in superconducting niobium cavities (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania.
  15. ^ a b "Sending out an SRF, Fermilab and Northwestern Partner for Applied Superconductivity Center". Cryogenic Society of America. Archived from the original on 2018-02-05. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  16. ^ a b "'A little dirt never hurt' | LC NewsLine". newsline.linearcollider.org. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  17. ^ "Quantum Diaries". www.quantumdiaries.org. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  18. ^ "Innovations in Accelerator Science". hep.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  19. ^ "Session: Innovations in Accelerator Science (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12–16 February 2015))". aaas.confex.com. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  20. ^ Losi, Alvise. "Pd, Renzi e il volto nuovo Grassellino: "Io dalla società civile per Matteo"". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  21. ^ "Fabio Porta (PD): buon lavoro alla nuova responsabile del PD per gli italiani nel mondo, Anna Grassellino, e grazie a Eugenio Marino per il lavoro svolto – Deputato Fabio Porta – Sito Ufficiale". Deputato Fabio Porta – Sito Ufficiale (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  22. ^ "Italiani nel mondo, Porta (Pd): "Buon lavoro a Grassellino, grazie Marino" – Italia chiama Italia". Italia chiama Italia (in Italian). 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  23. ^ Leone, Hannah. "Italian prime minister visits Fermilab in Batavia". Aurora Beacon-News. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  24. ^ "Breakthroughs in Superconductivity: An Accelerated Journey". The Pennsylvania Gazette. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  25. ^ "Accelerator Prizes | IPAC '17". ipac17.org. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  26. ^ Goldman, T. (1991). "An active particle accelerator". Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. pp. 2569–2571. doi:10.1109/pac.1991.165032. ISBN 978-0780301351. OSTI 5936504. S2CID 10313255.
  27. ^ Matteo Renzi (2017-11-26), L'intervento di Anna Grassellino, retrieved 2018-10-01
  28. ^ "Laureata a Pisa premiata negli Usa da Barack Obama – Cronaca – il Tirreno". il Tirreno (in Italian). 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  29. ^ "I tre italiani che hanno stregato l'America". lastampa.it/scienza (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  30. ^ "Doppio incontro di "Volti di Donne", tra le figure femminili anche Stefania Renda e Anna Grassellino". Ideazionenews (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  31. ^ "Fermilab and the New Frontiers of Physics". BiblioEvents. Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  32. ^ "President Obama Honors Federally-Funded Early-Career Scientists". obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. 2017-01-09. Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  33. ^ "APS Fellows Archive". Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  34. ^ "Anna Grassellino awarded New Horizons Prize in fundamental physics" – Fermilab
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