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Changing short description from "Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to south West Australia" to "Plant endemic to south West Australia"
 
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{{Short description|Plant endemic to south West Australia}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
|name = Sea urchin hakea
|name = Sea urchin hakea
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|species = petiolaris
|species = petiolaris
|authority = [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]
|authority = [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]
|range_map = Hakea petiolarisDistMap107.png
|range_map_caption =Occurrence data from [[Australasian Virtual Herbarium|AVH]]
}}
}}
[[File:Hakea petiolaris fruit.jpg|thumb|fruit]]

'''''Hakea petiolaris''''', commonly known as the '''sea-urchin hakea''',<ref name="WA" /> is a shrub or small tree with cream-coloured and pink or purple flowers and woody fruit. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south west]] of [[Australia]], occurring at the coastal plain, jarrah forest and wheatbelt regions, often at the ancient [[granite outcrops of Western Australia]].
'''''Hakea petiolaris''''', commonly known as the '''sea-urchin hakea''',<ref name="WA" /> is a shrub or small tree with cream-coloured and pink or purple flowers and woody fruit. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south west]] of [[Australia]], occurring at the coastal plain, jarrah forest and wheatbelt regions, often at the ancient [[granite outcrops of Western Australia]].


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== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
''Hakea petiolaris'' was first described by [[Carl Meissner]] in 1845, using a collection made at [[York, Western Australia|York]] by [[Ludwig Preiss]].<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/522904|publisher=APNI|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''petiolaris'') is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''petiolus'' meaning "small, slender stalk".<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>{{rp|751}} The Latin eponym ''petiolaris'' refers to the leaves presentation on conspicuous stalks.<ref name="ANPSA" />
''Hakea petiolaris'' was first described by [[Carl Meissner]] in 1845, using a collection made at [[York, Western Australia|York]] by [[Ludwig Preiss]].<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/522904|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''petiolaris'') is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''petiolus'' meaning "small, slender stalk".<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>{{rp|751}} The Latin epithet ''petiolaris'' refers to the leaves presentation on conspicuous stalks.<ref name="ANPSA" />


There are three subspecies, differing in the sizes of their leaves and the colour of the perianth as it ages.<ref name="ANPSA">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' |url=http://anpsa.org.au/h-pet.html |publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref>
There are three subspecies, differing in the sizes of their leaves and the colour of the perianth as it ages.<ref name="ANPSA">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' |url=https://anpsa.org.au/plant_profiles/hakea-petiolaris/ |publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) |access-date=6 July 2024}}</ref>


* ''Hakea petiolaris'' <small>[[Meisn.]]</small> subsp. ''petiolaris'' has flowers that darken to mauve and then pink and has smaller leaves than those of the other subspecies. It is a shrub or small tree, one to two metres high, possesses a lignotuber and flowers in June.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''petiolaris''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/558763|publisher=APNI|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA1">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''petiolaris'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._petiolaris.htm |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA1">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''petiolaris'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16900 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref>
* ''Hakea petiolaris'' <small>[[Meisn.]]</small> subsp. ''petiolaris'' has flowers that darken to mauve and then pink and has smaller leaves than those of the other subspecies. It is a shrub or small tree, one to two metres high, possesses a lignotuber and flowers in June.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''petiolaris''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/558763|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA1">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''petiolaris'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._petiolaris.htm |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA1">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''petiolaris'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16900 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref>


* ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla'' <small>[[Laurence Arnold Robert Haegi|Haegi]]</small> flowers darken to mauve and then maroon. It is a large shrub or tree, greater than three metres in height and sometimes attaining nine metres. It releases seed stored in its capsules rather than regenerating from a lignotuber in response to fire and flowers from April to June.<ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/522904|publisher=APNI|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA2">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''trichophylla'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._trichophylla.htm |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA2">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16898 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Life">{{cite book |last1=Nikulinsky |first1=Philippa |last2=Hopper |first2=Stephen |title=Life on the rocks: the art of survival |date=2008 |publisher=Fremantle Press |location=North Fremantle, Western Australia |isbn=9781921361289 |page=64 |edition=2nd}}</ref> The hairs on the leaves, that shine grey-green during flowering, are persistent; this is referred to in the epithet ''trichophylla'' that derives from the Latin ''trichos'' for hair and ''phyllon'', leaf.<ref name="SA2" />
* ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla'' <small>[[Laurence Arnold Robert Haegi|Haegi]]</small> flowers darken to mauve and then maroon. It is a large shrub or tree, greater than three metres in height and sometimes attaining nine metres. It releases seed stored in its capsules rather than regenerating from a lignotuber in response to fire and flowers from April to June.<ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/522904|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA2">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''trichophylla'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._trichophylla.htm |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA2">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16898 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Life">{{cite book |last1=Nikulinsky |first1=Philippa |last2=Hopper |first2=Stephen |title=Life on the rocks: the art of survival |date=2008 |publisher=Fremantle Press |location=North Fremantle, Western Australia |isbn=9781921361289 |page=64 |edition=2nd}}</ref> The hairs on the leaves, that shine grey-green during flowering, are persistent; this is referred to in the epithet ''trichophylla'', that is derived, according to Haegi from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{Lang|grc-Latn|trichos}} ({{Lang|grc|θρίξ}},<ref name="Liddell & Scott2">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.''Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> [[Genitive case|gen.]] {{Lang|grc|τριχός}}; 'hair') and {{Lang|grc-Latn|phyllon}} ({{Lang|grc|φύλλον}}; 'leaf').<ref name="Haegi2">{{cite book|last1=Haegi|first1=L.|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf|title=Flora of Australia Vol 17B-Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra|last2=Barker|first2=W. R.|last3=Barker|first3=R. M.|date=1999|publisher=ABRS-Department of Environment & Heritage|isbn=0-643-06454-0|location=Canberra/Melbourne|page=395}}</ref>


* ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta'' <small>Haegi</small> which has flowers that darken to mauve and then pinkish mauve. A shrub or small tree, 1–2 m high, it flowers from March to May.<ref name=APNI3>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/558765|publisher=APNI|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA3">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''angusta'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._angusta.htm |publisher=Sate Herbarium of South Australia |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA3">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16899 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref> The epithet ''angusta'' is a word meaning "narrow", "tight", "slender" or "thin".<ref name="RWB" />{{rp|545}}
* ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta'' <small>Haegi</small> which has flowers that darken to mauve and then pinkish mauve. A shrub or small tree, 1–2 m high, it flowers from March to May.<ref name=APNI3>{{cite web|title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/558765|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SA3">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' ssp. ''angusta'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_petiolaris_ssp._angusta.htm |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="WA3">{{cite web |title=''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta'' |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16899 |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> The epithet ''angusta'' is a Latin word meaning "narrow".<ref name="Haegi">{{cite book|last1=Haegi|first1=L.|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf|title=Flora of Australia Vol 17B-Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra|last2=Barker|first2=W. R.|last3=Barker|first3=R. M.|date=1999|publisher=ABRS-Department of Environment & Heritage|isbn=0-643-06454-0|location=Canberra/Melbourne|page=395}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
* Subspecies ''petiolaris'' grows in [[Jarah]] forest, usually near [[granite]] outcrops between the [[Darling Range]] and [[York]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Swan Coastal Plain]] [[IBRA|biogeographic region]]s.<ref name="SA1" />
* Subspecies ''petiolaris'' grows in [[jarrah]] forest, usually near [[granite]] outcrops between the [[Darling Range]] and [[York, Western Australia|York]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Swan Coastal Plain]] [[IBRA|biogeographic region]]s.<ref name="SA1" />
* Subspecies ''trichophylla'' grows near granite outcrops in shrubland near [[Wongan Hills]] and with [[Disjunct distribution|disjunct]] populations near [[Kununoppin]] and Tuttanning Nature Reserve east of [[Pingelly, Western Australia|Pingelly]] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and [[Mallee (biogeographic region)|Mallee]] biogeographic regions.<ref name="SA2" />
* Subspecies ''trichophylla'' grows near granite outcrops in shrubland near [[Wongan Hills]] and with [[Disjunct distribution|disjunct]] populations near [[Kununoppin]] and Tuttanning Nature Reserve east of [[Pingelly, Western Australia|Pingelly]] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and [[Mallee (biogeographic region)|Mallee]] biogeographic regions.<ref name="SA2" />
* Subspecies ''angusta'' is only known from a few small populations growing around granite outcrops near [[Pingaring, Western Australia|Pingaring]] in the Mallee biogeographic region.<ref name="SA3" />
* Subspecies ''angusta'' is only known from a few small populations growing around granite outcrops near [[Pingaring, Western Australia|Pingaring]] in the Mallee biogeographic region.<ref name="SA3" />
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==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
[[File:Hakea_Petiolaris_flowers_with_bees_April_2015.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bees in ''Hakaea petiolaris'' flowers, cultivars in Swan Valley, Western Australia]]
The species is propagated from seed, establishing itself as a large shrub, or a tree to around ten metres, the width is around two metres. The horticultural applications include use as a screening plant or hedge, or displayed as individual specimens. It is a fast growing and hardy species, frost resistant, bird attracting and has good potential as a feature plant.
The species is propagated from seed, establishing itself as a large shrub, or a tree to around ten metres, the width is around two metres. The horticultural applications include use as a screening plant or hedge, or displayed as individual specimens. It is a fast growing and hardy species, frost resistant, bird attracting and has good potential as a feature plant.

''Hakea petiolaris'' is recommended for the handsome of appearance of its foliage. Clusters of dullish red flowers, contrasted by white styles, are presented at the leaf axis in the austral autumn or winter. The plant is successfully grown in the urbanised sub-coastal regions of southern Australia.<ref name="Wrigley2003">{{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=J.W. |last2=Fagg |first2=M.A. |title=Australian native plants : cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation |date=2003 |publisher=Reed New Holland |location=Sydney |isbn=1876334908 |pages=240–241 |edition=2nd}}</ref>
''Hakea petiolaris'' is recommended for the attractive appearance of its flowers and attraction for birds. Clusters of dullish red flowers, contrasted by white styles, are presented at the leaf axis in the austral autumn or winter. The plant is successfully grown in the urbanised sub-coastal regions of southern Australia.<ref name="Wrigley2003">{{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=J.W. |last2=Fagg |first2=M.A. |title=Australian native plants : cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation |date=2003 |publisher=Reed New Holland |location=Sydney |isbn=1876334908 |pages=240–241 |edition=2nd}}</ref>


The most common subspecies in cultivation is ''H. petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla''.<ref name="ANPSA" />
The most common subspecies in cultivation is ''H. petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla''.<ref name="ANPSA" />

== Ecology ==
The presentation of flowers at the stem ([[cauliflory]]) may be a relictual characteristic of a time when tall forest dominated the region and pollinators such as birds moved within the dense leaf canopy of under-storey species.<ref name="Main1998">{{cite journal |last1=Main |first1=Barbara York |title=Granite outcrops: A collective ecosystem |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia |date=1997 |volume=80 |pages=113–122 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267079#page/583/mode/1up |access-date=6 July 2024}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 09:53, 26 September 2024

Sea urchin hakea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hakea
Species:
H. petiolaris
Binomial name
Hakea petiolaris
Occurrence data from AVH
fruit

Hakea petiolaris, commonly known as the sea-urchin hakea,[1] is a shrub or small tree with cream-coloured and pink or purple flowers and woody fruit. It is endemic to the south west of Australia, occurring at the coastal plain, jarrah forest and wheatbelt regions, often at the ancient granite outcrops of Western Australia.

Description

[edit]

Hakea petiolaris grows as an erect shrub or tree up to 9 m (30 ft) in height. The leaves have a distinctive pale-grey colour and are 5.5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2.5–6 cm (1–2 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in groups that appear on small branches or in the forks of branches. The groups are roughly spherical and contain 120 to 200 individual flowers. Each flower is 1.4–1.8 cm (0.6–0.7 in) long and white or cream in colour with the perianth, (the non-reproductive part of the flower) ranging in colour from pink to purple. Flowering is followed by woody seed capsules which are 2–3.5 cm (0.8–1 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide. Each capsule splits into valves and releases 2 dark brown or black winged seeds.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Hakea petiolaris was first described by Carl Meissner in 1845, using a collection made at York by Ludwig Preiss.[2] The specific epithet (petiolaris) is derived from the Latin word petiolus meaning "small, slender stalk".[3]: 751  The Latin epithet petiolaris refers to the leaves presentation on conspicuous stalks.[4]

There are three subspecies, differing in the sizes of their leaves and the colour of the perianth as it ages.[4]

  • Hakea petiolaris Meisn. subsp. petiolaris has flowers that darken to mauve and then pink and has smaller leaves than those of the other subspecies. It is a shrub or small tree, one to two metres high, possesses a lignotuber and flowers in June.[5][6][7]
  • Hakea petiolaris subsp. trichophylla Haegi flowers darken to mauve and then maroon. It is a large shrub or tree, greater than three metres in height and sometimes attaining nine metres. It releases seed stored in its capsules rather than regenerating from a lignotuber in response to fire and flowers from April to June.[8][9][10][11] The hairs on the leaves, that shine grey-green during flowering, are persistent; this is referred to in the epithet trichophylla, that is derived, according to Haegi from the Greek trichos (θρίξ,[12] gen. τριχός; 'hair') and phyllon (φύλλον; 'leaf').[13]
  • Hakea petiolaris subsp. angusta Haegi which has flowers that darken to mauve and then pinkish mauve. A shrub or small tree, 1–2 m high, it flowers from March to May.[14][15][16] The epithet angusta is a Latin word meaning "narrow".[17]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Conservation

[edit]

All three subspecies of H. petiolaris are listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[7][10][16]

Cultivation

[edit]
Bees in Hakaea petiolaris flowers, cultivars in Swan Valley, Western Australia

The species is propagated from seed, establishing itself as a large shrub, or a tree to around ten metres, the width is around two metres. The horticultural applications include use as a screening plant or hedge, or displayed as individual specimens. It is a fast growing and hardy species, frost resistant, bird attracting and has good potential as a feature plant.

Hakea petiolaris is recommended for the attractive appearance of its flowers and attraction for birds. Clusters of dullish red flowers, contrasted by white styles, are presented at the leaf axis in the austral autumn or winter. The plant is successfully grown in the urbanised sub-coastal regions of southern Australia.[18]

The most common subspecies in cultivation is H. petiolaris subsp. trichophylla.[4]

Ecology

[edit]

The presentation of flowers at the stem (cauliflory) may be a relictual characteristic of a time when tall forest dominated the region and pollinators such as birds moved within the dense leaf canopy of under-storey species.[19]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  2. ^ "Hakea petiolaris". APNI. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  3. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  4. ^ a b c "Hakea petiolaris". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Hakea petiolaris subsp. petiolaris". APNI. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris ssp. petiolaris". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris subsp. petiolaris". Western Australian Herbarium. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Hakea petiolaris subsp. trichophylla". APNI. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris ssp. trichophylla". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  10. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris subsp. trichophylla". Western Australian Herbarium. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  11. ^ Nikulinsky, Philippa; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Life on the rocks: the art of survival (2nd ed.). North Fremantle, Western Australia: Fremantle Press. p. 64. ISBN 9781921361289.
  12. ^ Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  13. ^ Haegi, L.; Barker, W. R.; Barker, R. M. (1999). Flora of Australia Vol 17B-Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra (PDF). Canberra/Melbourne: ABRS-Department of Environment & Heritage. p. 395. ISBN 0-643-06454-0.
  14. ^ "Hakea petiolaris subsp. angusta". APNI. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris ssp. angusta". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  16. ^ a b "Hakea petiolaris subsp. angusta". Western Australian Herbarium. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  17. ^ Haegi, L.; Barker, W. R.; Barker, R. M. (1999). Flora of Australia Vol 17B-Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra (PDF). Canberra/Melbourne: ABRS-Department of Environment & Heritage. p. 395. ISBN 0-643-06454-0.
  18. ^ Wrigley, J.W.; Fagg, M.A. (2003). Australian native plants : cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (2nd ed.). Sydney: Reed New Holland. pp. 240–241. ISBN 1876334908.
  19. ^ Main, Barbara York (1997). "Granite outcrops: A collective ecosystem". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 80: 113–122. Retrieved 6 July 2024.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Young, Jennifer (2000) Hakeas of Western Australia : botanical districts of Irwin and Darling - the Northern Sandplains and the South-west Forest West Perth, W.A.. ISBN 0958577803
  • Media related to Hakea petiolaris at Wikimedia Commons
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