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{{Short description|Interstate Highway from Alabama to Indiana}}
'''Interstate 65''' is an [[interstate highway]] in the [[United States]]. Its southern terminus is at an intersection with [[Interstate 10]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]]; its northern terminus is at an intersection with [[Interstate 90]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].
{{Redirect|I65|the Canadian destroyer|HMCS St. Clair (I65)}}
{{Redirect|I-65|the Japanese submarine ''I-65''|Japanese submarine I-165}}
{{Use American English|date= March 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox road
| country= USA
| type= I
| route= 65
| map= {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=240|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Interstate 65}}}}
| map_custom= yes
| map_notes= I-65 highlighted in red
| length_mi= 887.30
| established= 1958
| length_round= 2
| length_ref= <ref name="fhwa">{{cite web |first= Kevin |last= Adderly |date= January 15, 2014 |url= https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm?redirect |work= Route Log and Finder List |title= Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2013 |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |access-date= November 30, 2014}}</ref>
| direction_a= South
| terminus_a= {{Jct|country=USA|I|10}} in [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile, AL]]
| junction= <!-- Major junctions only; Only five to eight of the most major intersections belong here; please read [[WP:USRD/STDS]] for more info -->{{plainlist|1=
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|85}} in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, AL]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|20|I|59}} in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|22}} in Birmingham, AL
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|40}} in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|24}} in Nashville, TN
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|64|I|71}} in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville, KY]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|69|I|70|I|74}} in [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|80|I|94|US|6}} in [[Gary, Indiana|Gary, IN]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|90}} in Gary, IN
}}
| direction_b= North
| terminus_b= {{Jct|country=USA|US|12|US|20}} in Gary, IN
| states= [[Alabama]], [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]]
}}


'''Interstate&nbsp;65''' ('''I-65''') is a major north–south [[Interstate Highway System|interstate highway]] in the [[central United States]]. As with most primary interstates ending in 5, it is a major crosscountry, north–south route, connecting between the [[Great Lakes]] and the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. Its southern terminus is located at an [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] with [[Interstate 10 in Alabama|I-10]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]], and its northern terminus is at an interchange with [[U.S. Route 12 in Indiana|US 12]] (US&nbsp;12) and [[U.S. Route 20 in Indiana|US&nbsp;20]] (the [[Dunes Highway]]) in [[Gary, Indiana]], just southeast of [[Chicago]]. I-65 connects several major metropolitan areas in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] and [[Southern United States|Southern]] US. It connects the four largest cities in Alabama: [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], and [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]]. It also serves as one of the main north–south routes through [[Nashville, Tennessee]]; [[Louisville, Kentucky]]; and [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], each a major metropolitan area in its respective state.
==Number of Miles==
884
*[[Alabama]] - 366
*[[Tennessee]] - 119
*[[Kentucky]] - 137
*[[Indiana]] - 262


== Route description ==
==Major Cities Along the Route==
{{lengths table|length_ref=<ref name=fhwa />}}
*[[Mobile, Alabama]]
|-
*[[Montgomery, Alabama]]
*[[Birmingham, Alabama]]
| [[Interstate 65 in Alabama|AL]]
| 366.22
*[[Nashville, Tennessee]]
| 590.63
*[[Louisville, Kentucky]]
|-
*[[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
| [[Interstate 65 in Tennessee|TN]]
*[[Gary, Indiana]]
| 121.71
| 195.87
|-
| [[Interstate 65 in Kentucky|KY]]
| 137.32
| 221.00
|-
| [[Interstate 65 in Indiana|IN]]
| 261.27
| 420.47
|-
| '''Total'''
| 887.30
| 1427.97
|}


=== Alabama ===
==Intersections with other Interstates==
*[[Interstate 10]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]]
{{Main|Interstate 65 in Alabama}}
[[File:I20I59Birmingham.JPG|left|thumb|Approaching an exit for I-65 in downtown Birmingham]]
*[[Interstate 85]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]]
*[[Interstate 20]] in [[Birmingham, Alabama]]
*[[Interstate 59]] in [[Birmingham, Alabama]]
*[[Interstate 24]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
*[[Interstate 40]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
*[[Interstate 64]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]
*[[Interstate 74]] in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
*[[Interstate 70]] in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
*[[Interstate 80]] in [[Gary, Indiana]]
*[[Interstate 94]] in [[Gary, Indiana]]
*[[Interstate 90]] in [[Gary, Indiana]]


In the state of Alabama, I-65 passes through or near four of the state's major metropolitan areas: [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], and [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]]. I-65 begins its path northward in Mobile at its junction with [[Interstate 10|I-10]]. From I-10, I-65 runs west of downtown Mobile and through the northern suburbs of the city before turning northeasterly towards Montgomery. In Montgomery, I-65 connects with the southern terminus of [[Interstate 85|I-85]]. In the Birmingham suburbs, I-65 has an [[highway interchange|interchange]] with [[Interstate 459|I-459]] and another interchange in the city at [[Interstate 20|I-20]]/[[Interstate 59|I-59]]. North of downtown, [[Interstate 22|I-22]] branches off I-65 toward [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. From Birmingham, I-65 continues north, crossing the [[Tennessee River]] near [[Decatur, Alabama|Decatur]]. A few miles north of the river, it intersects [[Interstate 565|I-565]], a short [[spur route]] which provides access to Huntsville. It then continues northward out of the [[Tennessee Valley]] to the state of [[Tennessee]] toward [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]].
==Spur Routes==
*[[Mobile, Alabama]] - I-165
*Spur to [[Huntsville, Alabama]] - I-565
*[[Louisville, Kentucky]] - I-265 (Louisville's outer beltway; also called the Gene Snyder Freeway; formerly the Jefferson Freeway)
*[[Indianapolis, Indiana]] - I-465


==Notes==
=== Tennessee ===
{{Main|Interstate 65 in Tennessee}}
[[File:I-65 Southbound in Nashville.JPG|right|thumb|I-65 southbound in [[Nashville]]]]


I-65 enters Tennessee from the south near the town of [[Ardmore, Tennessee|Ardmore]] and passes through mostly rural territory for {{convert|65|mi|km}}. It then passes [[Lewisburg, Tennessee|Lewisburg]]. Then it passes close to [[Columbia, Tennessee|Columbia]] and crosses [[Tennessee State Route 396|Saturn Parkway]], which brings travelers to the town of [[Spring Hill, Tennessee|Spring Hill]]. I-65 then continues on to reach [[Interstate 840 (Tennessee)|I-840]] and progresses until it intersects [[Tennessee State Route 96|State Route&nbsp;96]] (SR&nbsp;96) at [[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]]. Then the highway goes through [[Brentwood, Tennessee|Brentwood]], and enters [[Nashville]], where it first interchanges with [[Interstate 440 (Tennessee)|I-440]]. It then has brief concurrences with [[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|I-40]] and [[Interstate 24 in Tennessee|I-24]] near downtown Nashville. The freeway then meets [[Tennessee State Route 155|State Route 155]] (SR 155, Briley Parkway), and after passing through [[Madison, Tennessee|Madison]], meets [[Tennessee State Route 386|SR 386]] (Vietnam Veterans Boulevard) in [[Goodlettsville, Tennessee|Goodlettsville]]. The freeway then passes through [[Millersville, Tennessee|Millersville]] and [[White House, Tennessee|White House]], and then, close to [[Portland, Tennessee|Portland]], crosses into [[Kentucky]].
Interstate 65 combines with [[Interstate 24]] and [[Interstate 40]] near downtown [[Nashville, Tennessee]] to form a loop around the center city. Once, the northwestern leg of this loop was designated I-265; this is no longer true, as Nashville's government successfully changed its designation to I-65 in order to help alleviate traffic caused by motorists following I-65 through the city. This results in some rather confusing Interstate signage through central Nashville.


=== Kentucky ===
While most Interstates with numbers divisible by 5 are major direct north-south or east-west routes, I-65 is different. It runs northwest-southeast from [[Gary, Indiana]] to [[Indianapolis, Indiana]] and northeast-southwest from [[Montgomery, Alabama]] to [[Mobile, Alabama]].
{{Main|Interstate 65 in Kentucky}}
[[File:Interstate 65 exit for Interstate 265 and Kentucky Route 9007.jpg|left|thumb|I-65 northbound near the [[Interstate 165 (Kentucky)|I-165]] interchange in [[Bowling Green, Kentucky]]]]

I-65 enters the state {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} south of [[Franklin, Kentucky|Franklin]]. Throughout its length, it passes near [[Mammoth Cave National Park]], [[Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest]], the [[National Corvette Museum]], and [[Fort Knox]].

The first major intersection in the state is with [[Interstate 165 (Kentucky)|I-165]] (former Natcher Parkway) at [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]]. I-65 has intersections with three of the [[List of Parkways and named roads in Kentucky|parkways]] in the state. The first major junction is with the [[Cumberland Parkway]] near Rocky Hill. At [[Elizabethtown, Kentucky|Elizabethtown]], it has two more parkway interchanges with the [[Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway]] and the [[Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway]]. I-65 also has interchanges with [[Interstate 265|I-265]], [[Interstate 264 (Kentucky)|I-264]], [[Interstate 64|I-64]], and [[Interstate 71|I-71]].

The widest stretch of I-65 in its entirety is in Louisville at [[Kentucky Route 1065]] (KY&nbsp;1065, Outer Loop), where the main line is 14 lanes wide. The highway crosses the [[Ohio River]] into Indiana on a toll bridge. The southbound side is called the [[John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge]] (southbound) and the northbound side is called the [[Abraham Lincoln Bridge]]. The latter bridge opened in October&nbsp;2016 as part of the [[Ohio River Bridges Project]]. Prior to the project, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (completed in 1963) carried traffic in both directions. The project also included reconstruction of the [[Kennedy Interchange|I-65/I-64/I-71 convergence interchange]] just south of the Kennedy Bridge, as well as renovating the older span to carry six lanes of southbound traffic. Additionally, a second six-lane cable-stayed bridge {{convert|12|mi|km}} upstream on the Ohio River, the [[Lewis and Clark Bridge (Ohio River)|Lewis and Clark Bridge]], was built as part of the project, opening in December&nbsp;2016 to complete the I-265 loop around Louisville.

At one time, the {{Convert|65|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch of I-65 from Louisville to Elizabethtown was a toll road, called the [[Kentucky Turnpike]]. The bonds that financed the road have been paid off, and tolls are no longer collected. All signs of the former turnpike have been removed.

On November&nbsp;15, 2006, the stretch of I-65 from Bowling Green to Louisville was renamed the [[Abraham Lincoln]] Memorial Expressway.

On February&nbsp;12, 2007, a bill passed the [[Kentucky Senate]] to rename I-65 in [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] the [[Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]] Expressway.<ref>{{cite news |work= The Courier-Journal |location= Louisville, KY |date=February 13, 2007 |last=Gerth |first=Joseph |title=Senate OKs renaming I-65 for King}}</ref> Signs were posted July&nbsp;25, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |work= The Courier-Journal |location= Louisville, KY |date= July 25, 2007 |last= Shafer |first= Sheldon S. |title= Mayor, Democrats back I-65 King plan |url= http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20070125/NEWS01/701250404/Mayor-Democrats-back-I-65-King-plan |access-date=July 30, 2007}}</ref>

On July&nbsp;15, 2007, Kentucky highway officials raised the speed limits on most Interstate and state parkway highways to {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Prior to that, Kentucky was the only state along I-65 that had a maximum speed limit of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

=== Indiana ===
{{Main|Interstate 65 in Indiana}}
[[File:I-65 in Indianapolis.jpg|thumb|right|I-65 just outside [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]]]
[[File:Northern terminus of I-65.jpg|thumb|Approaching the northern terminus of I-65 in [[Gary, Indiana]]]]

I-65 enters Indiana at [[Jeffersonville, Indiana|Jeffersonville]] and [[Clarksville, Indiana|Clarksville]]. Miles&nbsp;0–9 were rebuilt, widened, and realigned from north of Sellersburg to the Ohio River during 2008–2010, giving great traffic relief to the fast-growing Indiana suburbs of Louisville. Over 300,000 of the 1.5&nbsp;million people in Louisville's CMSA live in its Indiana counties.

A section of I-65 in [[Downtown Indianapolis]] runs concurrently with [[Interstate 70|I-70]]. The junctions are often referred to as the "North Split" and the "South Split", forming a section of Interstate locally known as the "Inner Loop" or "The Spaghetti Bowl" due to the visual complexity of the intersecting ramps and overpasses.

In mid-March&nbsp;2007, a {{convert|6|mi|km|adj=on|spell=in}} section of I-70 from the North Split to [[Interstate 465|I-465]] east of downtown was restricted to automobiles only for the "Super&nbsp;70" project, a massive rebuild and expansion of that freeway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/dot/div/projects/i70/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029041051/http://www.in.gov/dot/div/projects/i70/index.html |title=Super 70 |archive-date=October 29, 2007 |work=in.gov}}</ref> Trucks over {{convert|13|ST|t}} were forced to divert through I-65 if coming from the north and use the circular I-465 to the south to reconnect to I-70 eastbound. Westbound traffic from I-70 was required to loop north or south along I-465 to get to I-65 or I-70. The Super&nbsp;70 project was completed in November&nbsp;2007. In mid-2003, the portion of I-65 that runs concurrently with I-70 was closed to all traffic due to the "HyperFix" project. During that time, a new concrete surface was installed and the overpasses were upgraded.

In 1999, the {{convert|25|mi|km|adj=on}} segment of I-65 between the two I-465 interchanges was renamed the [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds]] Highway.

North of [[Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette]] near [[Brookston, Indiana|Brookston]], the road passes through the [[Meadow Lake Wind Farm]] for several miles, with the turbines and standards spaced out in order to avoid a collapse onto the highway. The [[Fowler Ridge Wind Farm]] is also visible on both sides of the highway.

From its crossing into [[Lake County, Indiana|Lake County]] over the Kankakee River to its northern terminus, the highway is known as the [[Casimir Pulaski]] Memorial Highway.

Prior to 2004, the northern terminus of I-65 was only {{convert|0.125|mi|km}} north of [[Interstate 90|I-90]] (Indiana Toll Road). Traffic going from I-90 to I-65 had to stop at a traffic signal to make a left turn. Traffic from I-65 to I-90 bypassed the traffic signal via an isolated right-turn lane. In 2004, the interchange was fully grade-separated, so it is now one interchange involving I-65, I-90, US&nbsp;12, and US&nbsp;20, thereby eliminating a [[Interstate Gaps#Connection gaps|connection gap]] in the [[Interstate Highway System]].

==History==
The first section of Interstate 65 reused the Kentucky Turnpike, a [[toll road]] that opened on August 1, 1956.<ref>{{cite news |last=Terry |first=Sam |date= |title=My Kentucky: Modern travel on the turnpike |url=https://www.jpinews.com/2017/07/28/my-kentucky-modern-travel-on-the-turnpike/ |work=Jobe for Kentucky |location=Glasgow, Kentucky |access-date=December 17, 2023}}</ref> The first section of interstate highway in Tennessee constructed under the authorization of the [[Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956]] was a short section of I-65 which opened on November 15, 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tn.gov/tdot/100years-home/100years-interstate.html |title=100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date=2014 |website=tn.gov |publisher=Tennessee Department of Transportation |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Abramson |first=Rudy |date=November 16, 1958 |title=First Link of State's Super Roads Opens |url=https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/111837541/first-link-of-states-super-roads-opens/ |page=6-E |work=[[The Tennessean|The Nashville Tennessean]] |access-date=January 29, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The first section of interstate highway to be completed in Alabama was also a section of I-65, which opened on December 10, 1959.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stanton|first=Allison|date=December 11, 1959|title=State's road program rolls right along|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57584979/states-road-program-rolls-right-along/|page=18|work=[[The Birmingham News]]|access-date=August 18, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The first section of I-65 in Indiana was opened on September 14, 1960.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=September 14, 1960 |title=Three Sections Of Interstate 65 To Open Today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-three-sections-of/136971166/ |page=31 |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |access-date=December 17, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=September 15, 1960 |title=Governor Handley Opens I-65 From Jeff To H'ville |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/charlestown-courier-governor-handley-ope/136971356/ |at=sec. 2, p. 1 |work=[[The Charlestown Courier]] |location=Charlestown, Indiana |access-date=December 17, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Kentucky was the first state to complete its portion of I-65, with the last stretch opening on June 22, 1970.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=June 25, 1970 |title=Final Stretch Of I-65 Opened In Simpson Co. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112709056/final-stretch-of-i-65-opened-in-simpson/ |page=A-1 |work=[[The Franklin Favorite]] |location=Franklin, Kentucky |access-date=November 7, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The final section in Tennessee opened on October 26, 1973.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 24, 1973 |title=Harding-to-Berry-Road I-65 Link Opens Friday |url=https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/14705960/the-tennessean/ |page=21 |work=[[The Tennessean]] |location=Nashville |access-date=October 23, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 27, 1973 |title=I-65 Complete In Tennessee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-memphis-press-scimitar-i-65-complete/136936222/ |page=2 |work=[[Memphis Press-Scimitar]] |agency=Associated Press |access-date=December 16, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The last section in Indiana, part of the concurrent section with I-70 in Indianapolis, opened on October 15, 1976.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 16, 1976 |title=Inner loop completed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-journal-inner-loop-completed/136973923/ |page=16 |work=Daily Journal |location=Franklin, Indiana |agency=United Press International |access-date=December 17, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 16, 1976 |title=I-70 Opening Completes Hoosier Interstate Roads |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-reporter-i-70-opening-complete/136973501/ |page=1 |work=[[Daily Reporter (Greenfield, Indiana)|The Daily Reporter]] |location=Greenfield, Indiana |agency=United Press International |access-date=December 17, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> I-65 was not officially completed until December 19, 1985, when a section north of Birmingham opened, replacing a four-lane stretch of US 31 that had been designated as part of I-65 but did not meet interstate highway standards.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Highway official says I-65 delays may have benefited Birmingham|work=The Gadsden Times|date=December 19, 1985}}</ref>

==Junction list==
;Alabama
: {{jct|country=USA|I|10}} in [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|90}} in Mobile
: {{jct|country=USA|US|98}} in Mobile
: {{jct|country=USA|US|45}} in [[Prichard, Alabama|Prichard]]
: {{jct|state=AL|I|165}} in Prichard
: {{jct|country=USA|US|43}} north-northeast of [[Satsuma, Alabama|Satsuma]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|84}} west-southwest of [[Evergreen, Conecuh County, Alabama|Evergreen]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} on the [[Hope Hull, Alabama|Hope Hull]]–[[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] line
: {{jct|country=USA|Future|85}} in Montgomery
: {{jct|country=USA|US|80}} in Montgomery. The highways travel concurrently through Montgomery.
: {{jct|country=USA|US|80|US|82}} in Montgomery. I-65/US&nbsp;82 travels concurrently to [[Prattville, Alabama|Prattville]].
: {{jct|country=USA|I|85|Future|685|dab2=Alabama}} in Montgomery
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} north of Prattville
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Clanton, Alabama|Clanton]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Calera, Alabama|Calera]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Alabaster, Alabama|Alabaster]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|459}} in [[Hoover, Alabama|Hoover]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} on the Hoover–[[Vestavia Hills, Alabama|Vestavia Hills]] city line
: {{jct|country=USA|US|11|US|78}} in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|20|I|59}} in Birmingham
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in Birmingham
: {{jct|country=USA|I|22}} in [[Fultondale, Alabama|Fultondale]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Smoke Rise, Alabama|Smoke Rise]]. The highways travel concurrently through Smoke Rise.
: {{jct|country=USA|Future|422}} in [[Morris, Alabama|Morris]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|278}} in [[Cullman, Alabama|Cullman]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} south-southeast of [[Lacon, Alabama|Lacon]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|565}} on the [[Decatur, Alabama|Decatur]]–[[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]] city line
: {{jct|country=USA|US|72}} in [[Athens, Alabama|Athens]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in Athens. The highways travel concurrently to [[Ardmore, Tennessee]].
;Tennessee
: {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} west of [[Frankewing, Tennessee|Frankewing]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|412}} in [[Columbia, Tennessee|Columbia]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|840|dab1=Tennessee}} near [[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|440|dab1=Tennessee}} in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|40}} in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.
: {{jct|country=USA|US|70|US|70S|US|431}} in Nashville
: {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in Nashville
: {{jct|country=USA|I|24}} in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.
: {{jct|country=USA|US|431}} in Nashville
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31W|US|41}} in Nashville
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31W|US|41}} in [[Goodlettsville, Tennessee|Goodlettsville]]
;Kentucky
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31W}} south-southeast of [[Franklin, Kentucky|Franklin]]
: {{jct|state=KY|I|165}} in [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|231}} in Bowling Green
: {{jct|country=USA|US|68}} in [[Oakland, Kentucky|Oakland]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31W}} in [[Munfordville, Kentucky|Munfordville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31W}} in [[Elizabethtown, Kentucky|Elizabethtown]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|62}} in Elizabethtown
: {{jct|country=USA|I|265}} in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|264|dab1=Kentucky}} in Louisville
: {{jct|country=USA|US|150}} in Louisville
: {{jct|country=USA|I|64|I|71}} in Louisville
;Indiana
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Jeffersonville, Indiana|Jeffersonville]]. The highways travel concurrently to west of Jeffersonville.
: {{jct|country=USA|I|265}} in [[Clarksville, Indiana|Clarksville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} south-southeast of [[Crothersville, Indiana|Crothersville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|50}} in [[Seymour, Indiana|Seymour]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|31}} in [[Taylorsville, Indiana|Taylorsville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|69|I|74|I|465|US|31|US|36|US|40}} in [[Indianapolis]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|70}} in Indianapolis. The highways travel concurrently through Indianapolis.
: {{jct|country=USA|I|465}} in Indianapolis
: {{jct|country=USA|I|865|US|52}} north-northwest of [[Royalton, Indiana|Royalton]]. I-65/US&nbsp;52 travels concurrently to [[Lebanon, Indiana|Lebanon]].
: {{jct|country=USA|US|231}} south of [[Wolcott, Indiana|Wolcott]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|24|US|231}} east of [[Remington, Indiana|Remington]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|231}} north of Remington
: {{jct|country=USA|US|231}} in [[Crown Point, Indiana|Crown Point]]
: {{jct|country=USA|US|30}} in [[Merrillville, Indiana|Merrillville]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|80|I|94|US|6}} in [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]]
: {{jct|country=USA|I|90}} in Gary
: {{jct|country=USA|US|12|US|20}} in Gary
Reference:<ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author= Rand McNally |year= 2014 |title= The Road Atlas |edition= Walmart |location= Chicago |publisher= Rand McNally |pages= 4–5, 36–37, 42, 95|isbn= 978-0-528-00771-2}}</ref>

== Auxiliary routes ==
*{{jct|state=AL|I|165}}, a spur in Alabama that begins in [[Prichard, Alabama|Prichard]] and ends in [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]].
*{{jct|country=USA|I|565}}, a spur in Alabama that begins in [[Decatur, Alabama|Decatur]] and ends in [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]].
*{{jct|state=KY|I|165}}, a spur in Kentucky that begins in [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]] and ends in [[Owensboro, Kentucky|Owensboro]].
*{{jct|country=USA|I|265}}, the beltway around the Louisville area in Kentucky and Indiana. The highway is called the [[Gene Snyder]] freeway in Kentucky, and the [[Lee H. Hamilton]] Highway in Indiana between I-65 and the Lewis and Clark Bridge connecting Indiana and Kentucky on the eastern side of Louisville..
*{{jct|state=IN|I|465}}, a full beltway around [[Indianapolis]].
*{{jct|state=IN|I|865}}, a connection between I-65 and I-465 on the northwest side of Indianapolis, formerly numbered I-465.
{{I-65 aux}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|U.S. Roads}}
* [[Ohio River Bridges Project]]
* [[Super Bowl XLI]], dubbed the "I-65 Bowl" due to the proximity of the competing teams' cities (Indianapolis and Chicago) to I-65

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Interstate 65}}
* {{osmrelation-inline}}

{{interstates}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Interstate 65| ]]
[[Category:Interstate Highway System|65]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 31]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 26 September 2024

"I65" redirects here. For the Canadian destroyer, see HMCS St. Clair (I65).
"I-65" redirects here. For the Japanese submarine I-65, see Japanese submarine I-165.

Interstate 65 marker
Interstate 65
Map
I-65 highlighted in red
Route information
Length887.30 mi[1] (1,427.97 km)
Existed1958–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South end I-10 in Mobile, AL
Major intersections
North end US 12 / US 20 in Gary, IN
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesAlabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana
Highway system

Interstate 65 (I-65) is a major north–south interstate highway in the central United States. As with most primary interstates ending in 5, it is a major crosscountry, north–south route, connecting between the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico. Its southern terminus is located at an interchange with I-10 in Mobile, Alabama, and its northern terminus is at an interchange with US 12 (US 12) and US 20 (the Dunes Highway) in Gary, Indiana, just southeast of Chicago. I-65 connects several major metropolitan areas in the Midwest and Southern US. It connects the four largest cities in Alabama: Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham, and Huntsville. It also serves as one of the main north–south routes through Nashville, Tennessee; Louisville, Kentucky; and Indianapolis, Indiana, each a major metropolitan area in its respective state.

Route description

[edit]
Lengths
  mi[1] km
AL 366.22 590.63
TN 121.71 195.87
KY 137.32 221.00
IN 261.27 420.47
Total 887.30 1427.97

Alabama

[edit]
Main article: Interstate 65 in Alabama
Approaching an exit for I-65 in downtown Birmingham

In the state of Alabama, I-65 passes through or near four of the state's major metropolitan areas: Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham, and Huntsville. I-65 begins its path northward in Mobile at its junction with I-10. From I-10, I-65 runs west of downtown Mobile and through the northern suburbs of the city before turning northeasterly towards Montgomery. In Montgomery, I-65 connects with the southern terminus of I-85. In the Birmingham suburbs, I-65 has an interchange with I-459 and another interchange in the city at I-20/I-59. North of downtown, I-22 branches off I-65 toward Memphis. From Birmingham, I-65 continues north, crossing the Tennessee River near Decatur. A few miles north of the river, it intersects I-565, a short spur route which provides access to Huntsville. It then continues northward out of the Tennessee Valley to the state of Tennessee toward Nashville.

Tennessee

[edit]
Main article: Interstate 65 in Tennessee
I-65 southbound in Nashville

I-65 enters Tennessee from the south near the town of Ardmore and passes through mostly rural territory for 65 miles (105 km). It then passes Lewisburg. Then it passes close to Columbia and crosses Saturn Parkway, which brings travelers to the town of Spring Hill. I-65 then continues on to reach I-840 and progresses until it intersects State Route 96 (SR 96) at Franklin. Then the highway goes through Brentwood, and enters Nashville, where it first interchanges with I-440. It then has brief concurrences with I-40 and I-24 near downtown Nashville. The freeway then meets State Route 155 (SR 155, Briley Parkway), and after passing through Madison, meets SR 386 (Vietnam Veterans Boulevard) in Goodlettsville. The freeway then passes through Millersville and White House, and then, close to Portland, crosses into Kentucky.

Kentucky

[edit]
Main article: Interstate 65 in Kentucky
I-65 northbound near the I-165 interchange in Bowling Green, Kentucky

I-65 enters the state five miles (8.0 km) south of Franklin. Throughout its length, it passes near Mammoth Cave National Park, Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest, the National Corvette Museum, and Fort Knox.

The first major intersection in the state is with I-165 (former Natcher Parkway) at Bowling Green. I-65 has intersections with three of the parkways in the state. The first major junction is with the Cumberland Parkway near Rocky Hill. At Elizabethtown, it has two more parkway interchanges with the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway and the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway. I-65 also has interchanges with I-265, I-264, I-64, and I-71.

The widest stretch of I-65 in its entirety is in Louisville at Kentucky Route 1065 (KY 1065, Outer Loop), where the main line is 14 lanes wide. The highway crosses the Ohio River into Indiana on a toll bridge. The southbound side is called the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (southbound) and the northbound side is called the Abraham Lincoln Bridge. The latter bridge opened in October 2016 as part of the Ohio River Bridges Project. Prior to the project, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (completed in 1963) carried traffic in both directions. The project also included reconstruction of the I-65/I-64/I-71 convergence interchange just south of the Kennedy Bridge, as well as renovating the older span to carry six lanes of southbound traffic. Additionally, a second six-lane cable-stayed bridge 12 miles (19 km) upstream on the Ohio River, the Lewis and Clark Bridge, was built as part of the project, opening in December 2016 to complete the I-265 loop around Louisville.

At one time, the 65-mile (105 km) stretch of I-65 from Louisville to Elizabethtown was a toll road, called the Kentucky Turnpike. The bonds that financed the road have been paid off, and tolls are no longer collected. All signs of the former turnpike have been removed.

On November 15, 2006, the stretch of I-65 from Bowling Green to Louisville was renamed the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Expressway.

On February 12, 2007, a bill passed the Kentucky Senate to rename I-65 in Jefferson County the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway.[2] Signs were posted July 25, 2007.[3]

On July 15, 2007, Kentucky highway officials raised the speed limits on most Interstate and state parkway highways to 70 mph (110 km/h). Prior to that, Kentucky was the only state along I-65 that had a maximum speed limit of 65 mph (105 km/h).

Indiana

[edit]
Main article: Interstate 65 in Indiana
I-65 just outside Indianapolis, Indiana
Approaching the northern terminus of I-65 in Gary, Indiana

I-65 enters Indiana at Jeffersonville and Clarksville. Miles 0–9 were rebuilt, widened, and realigned from north of Sellersburg to the Ohio River during 2008–2010, giving great traffic relief to the fast-growing Indiana suburbs of Louisville. Over 300,000 of the 1.5 million people in Louisville's CMSA live in its Indiana counties.

A section of I-65 in Downtown Indianapolis runs concurrently with I-70. The junctions are often referred to as the "North Split" and the "South Split", forming a section of Interstate locally known as the "Inner Loop" or "The Spaghetti Bowl" due to the visual complexity of the intersecting ramps and overpasses.

In mid-March 2007, a six-mile (9.7 km) section of I-70 from the North Split to I-465 east of downtown was restricted to automobiles only for the "Super 70" project, a massive rebuild and expansion of that freeway.[4] Trucks over 13 short tons (12 t) were forced to divert through I-65 if coming from the north and use the circular I-465 to the south to reconnect to I-70 eastbound. Westbound traffic from I-70 was required to loop north or south along I-465 to get to I-65 or I-70. The Super 70 project was completed in November 2007. In mid-2003, the portion of I-65 that runs concurrently with I-70 was closed to all traffic due to the "HyperFix" project. During that time, a new concrete surface was installed and the overpasses were upgraded.

In 1999, the 25-mile (40 km) segment of I-65 between the two I-465 interchanges was renamed the Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds Highway.

North of Lafayette near Brookston, the road passes through the Meadow Lake Wind Farm for several miles, with the turbines and standards spaced out in order to avoid a collapse onto the highway. The Fowler Ridge Wind Farm is also visible on both sides of the highway.

From its crossing into Lake County over the Kankakee River to its northern terminus, the highway is known as the Casimir Pulaski Memorial Highway.

Prior to 2004, the northern terminus of I-65 was only 0.125 miles (0.201 km) north of I-90 (Indiana Toll Road). Traffic going from I-90 to I-65 had to stop at a traffic signal to make a left turn. Traffic from I-65 to I-90 bypassed the traffic signal via an isolated right-turn lane. In 2004, the interchange was fully grade-separated, so it is now one interchange involving I-65, I-90, US 12, and US 20, thereby eliminating a connection gap in the Interstate Highway System.

History

[edit]

The first section of Interstate 65 reused the Kentucky Turnpike, a toll road that opened on August 1, 1956.[5] The first section of interstate highway in Tennessee constructed under the authorization of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 was a short section of I-65 which opened on November 15, 1958.[6][7] The first section of interstate highway to be completed in Alabama was also a section of I-65, which opened on December 10, 1959.[8] The first section of I-65 in Indiana was opened on September 14, 1960.[9][10] Kentucky was the first state to complete its portion of I-65, with the last stretch opening on June 22, 1970.[11] The final section in Tennessee opened on October 26, 1973.[12][13] The last section in Indiana, part of the concurrent section with I-70 in Indianapolis, opened on October 15, 1976.[14][15] I-65 was not officially completed until December 19, 1985, when a section north of Birmingham opened, replacing a four-lane stretch of US 31 that had been designated as part of I-65 but did not meet interstate highway standards.[16]

Junction list

[edit]
Alabama
I-10 in Mobile
US 90 in Mobile
US 98 in Mobile
US 45 in Prichard
I-165 in Prichard
US 43 north-northeast of Satsuma
US 84 west-southwest of Evergreen
US 31 on the Hope Hull–Montgomery line
Future I-85 in Montgomery
US 80 in Montgomery. The highways travel concurrently through Montgomery.
US 80 / US 82 in Montgomery. I-65/US 82 travels concurrently to Prattville.
I-85 / Future I-685 in Montgomery
US 31 north of Prattville
US 31 in Clanton
US 31 in Calera
US 31 in Alabaster
I-459 in Hoover
US 31 on the Hoover–Vestavia Hills city line
US 11 / US 78 in Birmingham
I-20 / I-59 in Birmingham
US 31 in Birmingham
I-22 in Fultondale
US 31 in Smoke Rise. The highways travel concurrently through Smoke Rise.
Future I-422 in Morris
US 278 in Cullman
US 31 south-southeast of Lacon
I-565 on the Decatur–Huntsville city line
US 72 in Athens
US 31 in Athens. The highways travel concurrently to Ardmore, Tennessee.
Tennessee
US 64 west of Frankewing
US 412 in Columbia
I-840 near Franklin
I-440 in Nashville
I-40 in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.
US 70 / US 70S / US 431 in Nashville
US 70 in Nashville
I-24 in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.
US 431 in Nashville
US 31W / US 41 in Nashville
US 31W / US 41 in Goodlettsville
Kentucky
US 31W south-southeast of Franklin
I-165 in Bowling Green
US 231 in Bowling Green
US 68 in Oakland
US 31W in Munfordville
US 31W in Elizabethtown
US 62 in Elizabethtown
I-265 in Louisville
I-264 in Louisville
US 150 in Louisville
I-64 / I-71 in Louisville
Indiana
US 31 in Jeffersonville. The highways travel concurrently to west of Jeffersonville.
I-265 in Clarksville
US 31 south-southeast of Crothersville
US 50 in Seymour
US 31 in Taylorsville
I-69 / I-74 / I-465 / US 31 / US 36 / US 40 in Indianapolis
I-70 in Indianapolis. The highways travel concurrently through Indianapolis.
I-465 in Indianapolis
I-865 / US 52 north-northwest of Royalton. I-65/US 52 travels concurrently to Lebanon.
US 231 south of Wolcott
US 24 / US 231 east of Remington
US 231 north of Remington
US 231 in Crown Point
US 30 in Merrillville
I-80 / I-94 / US 6 in Gary
I-90 in Gary
US 12 / US 20 in Gary

Reference:[17]

Auxiliary routes

[edit]
  • I-165, a spur in Alabama that begins in Prichard and ends in Mobile.
  • I-565, a spur in Alabama that begins in Decatur and ends in Huntsville.
  • I-165, a spur in Kentucky that begins in Bowling Green and ends in Owensboro.
  • I-265, the beltway around the Louisville area in Kentucky and Indiana. The highway is called the Gene Snyder freeway in Kentucky, and the Lee H. Hamilton Highway in Indiana between I-65 and the Lewis and Clark Bridge connecting Indiana and Kentucky on the eastern side of Louisville..
  • I-465, a full beltway around Indianapolis.
  • I-865, a connection between I-65 and I-465 on the northwest side of Indianapolis, formerly numbered I-465.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Adderly, Kevin (January 15, 2014). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2013". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  2. ^ Gerth, Joseph (February 13, 2007). "Senate OKs renaming I-65 for King". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, KY.
  3. ^ Shafer, Sheldon S. (July 25, 2007). "Mayor, Democrats back I-65 King plan". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, KY. Retrieved July 30, 2007.
  4. ^ "Super 70". in.gov. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007.
  5. ^ Terry, Sam. "My Kentucky: Modern travel on the turnpike". Jobe for Kentucky. Glasgow, Kentucky. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  6. ^ "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System". tn.gov. Tennessee Department of Transportation. 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  7. ^ Abramson, Rudy (November 16, 1958). "First Link of State's Super Roads Opens". The Nashville Tennessean. p. 6-E. Retrieved January 29, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Stanton, Allison (December 11, 1959). "State's road program rolls right along". The Birmingham News. p. 18. Retrieved August 18, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Three Sections Of Interstate 65 To Open Today". The Indianapolis Star. September 14, 1960. p. 31. Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Governor Handley Opens I-65 From Jeff To H'ville". The Charlestown Courier. Charlestown, Indiana. September 15, 1960. sec. 2, p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Final Stretch Of I-65 Opened In Simpson Co". The Franklin Favorite. Franklin, Kentucky. June 25, 1970. p. A-1. Retrieved November 7, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Harding-to-Berry-Road I-65 Link Opens Friday". The Tennessean. Nashville. October 24, 1973. p. 21. Retrieved October 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "I-65 Complete In Tennessee". Memphis Press-Scimitar. Associated Press. October 27, 1973. p. 2. Retrieved December 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Inner loop completed". Daily Journal. Franklin, Indiana. United Press International. October 16, 1976. p. 16. Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "I-70 Opening Completes Hoosier Interstate Roads". The Daily Reporter. Greenfield, Indiana. United Press International. October 16, 1976. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "Highway official says I-65 delays may have benefited Birmingham". The Gadsden Times. December 19, 1985.
  17. ^ Rand McNally (2014). The Road Atlas (Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 4–5, 36–37, 42, 95. ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.
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