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| caption = 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek Gun-mortar
| caption = 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek Gun-mortar
| origin = [[Soviet Union]]
| origin = [[Soviet Union]]
| type = Gun-mortar
| type = Automatic Gun-mortar
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged =
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged =
| is_bladed =
| is_bladed =
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| service = 1970–present
| service = 1970–present
| used_by =
| used_by =
| wars = [[Soviet–Afghan War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]]<br>[[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<br>[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
| wars = [[Soviet–Afghan War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]]<br>[[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<br>[[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]]<br>[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer =
<!-- Production history -->| designer =
| design_date =
| design_date =
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| crew = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| crew = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge = {{convert|3.23|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} bomb
| cartridge = {{convert|3.23|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} bomb
| caliber = {{convert|82|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| caliber = {{convert|82|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="Kinard481">Kinard (2007), p. 481.</ref>
| action =
| action =
| rate = 100–120 rpm
| rate = 100–120 rpm
| velocity = {{convert|270|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| velocity = {{convert|270|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| range =
| range =
| max_range = 4,270 meters
| max_range = {{convert|4,270|m|abbr=on}}
| feed = 4-round cassette
| feed = manually loaded individual bomb or 4-round bomb cassette
| sights = PAM-1 2.5× or 3×
| sights = PAM-1 2.5× or 3×
<!-- Artillery specifications -->| breech = muzzle or breech loaded
<!-- Artillery specifications -->| breech = [[muzzle loaded]] or [[breech loaded]]
| recoil =
| recoil =
| carriage =
| carriage =
| elevation = −1° to 85°
| elevation = −1° to 85°
| traverse = 60°
| traverse = 60°<ref name="Kinard481" />
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->| blade_type =
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->| blade_type =
| hilt_type =
| hilt_type =
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| speed =
| speed =
}}
}}
The '''2B9 Vasilek''' (''2Б9 "Василёк" - [[Cornflower]]'') also known as '''Vasilyek''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=ODIN - OE Data Integration Network |url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/2B9_Vasilek_Russian_82mm_Towed_Gun-Mortar |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=odin.tradoc.army.mil}}</ref> '''AM 289 Vasilyek'''<ref name="theOtherSide">{{Cite book |last=Jalali |first=Ali Ahmad |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-D214-PURL-LPS72248/pdf/GOVPUB-D214-PURL-LPS72248.pdf |title=The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War |last2=Grau |first2=Lester |date=January 20, 2010 |publisher=Military Bookshop |isbn=978-1907521058 |language=English}}</ref> or '''AM 2B9 Vasilyek''',<ref name="theOtherSide" /> is an automatic 82&nbsp;mm [[Mortar (weapon)#Gun-mortars|gun-mortar]] developed in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1967 and fielded with the [[Soviet Army]] in 1970.
The '''2B9 Vasilek''' (''2Б9 "Василёк" - Cornflower'') is an automatic 82&nbsp;mm [[Mortar (weapon)#Gun-mortars|gun-mortar]] developed in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1967 and fielded with the [[Soviet Army]] in 1970. It was based on the F-82 automatic mortar. Unlike conventional mortars, the 2B9 can fire in single and automatic mode using four-round clips. Rounds can be loaded from either the muzzle or the breech. Because of its wheeled carriage, the 2B9 resembles a light artillery piece more than a conventional mortar.


==Description==
⚫
The 2B9 was used in [[Afghanistan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89|series=Combat 29|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|first=David |last=Campbell|date=30 Nov 2017|isbn=9781472817648|page=19}}</ref> by Soviet units and is still found in Russian [[Russian Airborne Troops|airmobile]] infantry units. In the fighting in Afghanistan, Soviet units found the 2B9 to be a versatile and useful weapon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/arty/arty.htm |title=fmso.leavenworth.army.mil |access-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105224121/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/arty/arty.htm |archive-date=5 November 2011 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The 2B9 can fire high-explosive, armor-piercing and smoke shells, as well as flares. The armor-piercing projectile, which weighs 3.1&nbsp;kg, has a 75 g warhead that can penetrate 100mm of armor.<ref>Leland Ness (ed.), ''Jane's Infantry Weapons 2007–2008'', pp. 556–557, Surrey: Jane's Information Group, 2007</ref> Upon blast, the shell{{Which|date=January 2017}} produces 400 to 600 fragments.
It was based on the F-82 automatic mortar. The 2B9 is a semiautomatic breechloader that makes use of 4-round clips or is loaded with individual rounds.<ref>Kinard (2007), p. 306.</ref> Rounds can be loaded from either the muzzle or the breech. Because of its wheeled carriage, the 2B9 resembles a light artillery piece more than a conventional mortar.


⚫
The 2B9 was used in [[Afghanistan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89|series=Combat 29|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|first=David |last=Campbell|date=30 Nov 2017|isbn=9781472817648|page=19}}</ref> by Soviet units and is still found in Russian [[Russian Airborne Troops|airmobile]] infantry units. In the fighting in Afghanistan, Soviet units found the 2B9 to be a versatile and useful weapon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/arty/arty.htm |title=fmso.leavenworth.army.mil |access-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105224121/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/arty/arty.htm |archive-date=5 November 2011 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The 2B9 can fire high-explosive, armor-piercing, smoke, and illumination rounds. The armor-piercing projectile, which weighs {{convert|3.1|kg|abbr=on}}, has a {{convert|75|g|abbr=on}} warhead that can penetrate {{convert|100|mm|abbr=on}} of armor.<ref>Leland Ness (ed.), ''Jane's Infantry Weapons 2007–2008'', pp. 556–557, Surrey: Jane's Information Group, 2007</ref> Upon blast, the high-explosive shell produces 400 to 600 fragments.
⚫
The 2B9 can be towed but is usually carried on a modified [[GAZ-66]].<ref name ="Soviet"/> By 1988, the 2B9 was also deployed as a self-propelled weapon by mounting the gun-mortar in the rear of an [[MT-LB]] armored personnel carrier.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1988/JUN_1988/JUN_1988_PAGES_43_45.pdf |title=sill-www.army.mil |access-date=26 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617021426/http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1988/JUN_1988/JUN_1988_PAGES_43_45.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref>

⚫
The 2B9 can be towed but is usually carried on a modified [[GAZ-66]] military truck.<ref name="Soviet">{{cite web |last1=Lovass |first1=Ernő |last2=Jenzen-Jones |first2=N.R. |date=September 3, 2018 |title=Soviet 2B9M Vasilek self-loading mortar |url=http://armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007225453/http://armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/ |archive-date=7 October 2018 |access-date=21 July 2019 |website=[[armamentresearch.com]]}}</ref> By 1988, the 2B9 was also deployed as a self-propelled weapon by mounting the gun-mortar in the rear of an [[MT-LB]] armored personnel carrier.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1988/JUN_1988/JUN_1988_PAGES_43_45.pdf |title=sill-www.army.mil |access-date=26 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617021426/http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1988/JUN_1988/JUN_1988_PAGES_43_45.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref>


During the [[Syrian Civil War]], the 2B9M Vasilek was used by the [[Syrian Armed Forces]], Kurdish [[People's Protection Units]], and the Islamist group [[Ansar al-Sham]]. The latter used a 2B9M automatic mortar near Mount Chalma, [[Kesab]] district.<ref name="Syria">{{cite web|url=http://www.armamentresearch.com/2b9m-vasilek-automatic-mortar-in-service-with-ansar-al-sham-in-syria/|title=2B9M Vasilek automatic mortar in service with Ansar al-Sham in Syria|date=June 18, 2014|first1=N.R.|last1=Jenzen-Jones|first2=Yuri|last2=Lyamin|website=armamentresearch.com|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116132629/http://www.armamentresearch.com/2b9m-vasilek-automatic-mortar-in-service-with-ansar-al-sham-in-syria/|archive-date=16 January 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
During the [[Syrian Civil War]], the 2B9M Vasilek was used by the [[Syrian Armed Forces]], Kurdish [[People's Protection Units]], and the Islamist group [[Ansar al-Sham]]. The latter used a 2B9M automatic mortar near Mount Chalma, [[Kesab]] district.<ref name="Syria">{{cite web|url=http://www.armamentresearch.com/2b9m-vasilek-automatic-mortar-in-service-with-ansar-al-sham-in-syria/|title=2B9M Vasilek automatic mortar in service with Ansar al-Sham in Syria|date=June 18, 2014|first1=N.R.|last1=Jenzen-Jones|first2=Yuri|last2=Lyamin|website=armamentresearch.com|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116132629/http://www.armamentresearch.com/2b9m-vasilek-automatic-mortar-in-service-with-ansar-al-sham-in-syria/|archive-date=16 January 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
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* '''2B9 Vasilek''' – Basic model
* '''2B9 Vasilek''' – Basic model
** '''2B9M Vasilek''' – Modernised version introduced in 1982, and adopted in 1983.<ref name="Syria"/>
** '''2B9M Vasilek''' – Modernised version introduced in 1982, and adopted in 1983.<ref name="Syria"/>
* '''DE-82''' - upgraded Hungarian version developed in 1987.<ref name="Soviet"/>
* '''DE-82''' − upgraded Hungarian version developed in 1987.<ref name="Soviet"/>
* '''Type W99''' – 2B9 Vasilek produced in the [[People's Republic of China]] by [[Norinco]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Blasko |first=Dennis J. |date=2013 |title=The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century |publisher=Routledge |page=140 |isbn=9781136519970}}</ref>
* '''Type W99''' – 2B9 Vasilek produced in the [[People's Republic of China]] by [[Norinco]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Blasko |first=Dennis J. |date=2013 |title=The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century |publisher=Routledge |page=140 |isbn=9781136519970}}</ref>
* '''Scorpion''' − In 2004, the [[US Army]] with the assistance of [[Picatinny Arsenal]] engineers, fitted a Hungarian-supplied 2B9 Vasilek into the rear of a [[Humvee]] chassis as a [[proof of concept]] for the Army and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]. It can carry 191 rounds and the armoured cab provides ballistic and blast overpressure protection for the crew. Ultimately, it wasn't adopted by the Army.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}


==Operators==
==Operators==
[[File:2B9 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 2B9 operators in blue with former operators in red]]
[[File:2B9 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 2B9 operators in blue with former operators in red]]


===Current operators===
===Current===
* {{ARM}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>
* {{ARM}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>
* {{AZE}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
* {{CHN}}<ref name ="Soviet">{{cite web|title=Soviet 2B9M Vasilek self-loading mortar|website=armamentresearch.com|url=http://armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/|first1=Ernő|last1=Lovass|first2=N.R.|last2=Jenzen-Jones|date=September 3, 2018|access-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007225453/http://armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/|archive-date=7 October 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* {{BLR}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}<ref>{{cite web |title=It Became Known What the belarusian Territorial Defense is Armed With, Which the Wagnerians Will Train |date=17 July 2023 |url=https://en.defence-ua.com/news/it_became_known_what_the_belarusian_territorial_defense_is_armed_with_which_the_wagnerians_will_train-7339.html |website=Defense Express |access-date=20 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{CRO}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{GEO}}{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* {{HUN}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{HUN}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{KAZ}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
* {{IRQ}} – As for Saddam's era, often used mounted on [[MT-LB]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* {{KGZ}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
* {{KAZ}}<ref name ="Soviet"/>
* {{MLD}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
* {{KUW}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{LBA}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{RUS}}<ref name="Soviet"/>{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
⚫
* {{SYR}} – Used by both government and rebel forces in the [[Syrian Civil War]]<ref name="Syria"/>
* {{RUS}}<ref name="Soviet"/>
* {{TKM}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}
⚫
* {{SYR}} – Used by both government and rebel forces in the [[Syrian Civil War]].<ref name="Syria"/>
* {{UKR}} – Used by both government and [[Donetsk People's Republic]] , [[Luhansk People's Republic]] forces in the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]]<ref name="rebels">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwyFCWmpiUk How the "Cornflower" fires 13/11/14.] ''Novorossia TV''. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT50bMnbnPw |title=Vídeo of DPR militia using 2B9 Vasilek |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307093044/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT50bMnbnPw |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>
* {{UKR}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}} – Used by both government and [[Donetsk People's Republic]], [[Luhansk People's Republic]] forces in the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]]<ref name="rebels">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwyFCWmpiUk How the "Cornflower" fires 13/11/14.] ''Novorossia TV''. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT50bMnbnPw |title=Vídeo of DPR militia using 2B9 Vasilek |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307093044/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT50bMnbnPw |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>
* {{UZB}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|pages=554−555}}


===Former operators===
===Former===
* {{BIH}} − Also used by [[Army of Republika Srpska]]{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}
* {{CRO}} − Also used by the [[Croatian Defence Council|HVO]]{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}
* {{MNE}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}
* {{flagicon|Afghanistan|1992}} [[Northern Alliance]] − Reported{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=554}}
* {{flag|Poland|1928}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niecodzienne historie - Ostre strzelanie |url=https://cyfrowa.tvp.pl/video/niecodzienne-historie,ostre-strzelanie,60384896 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=TVP rekonstrukcja |language=pl}}</ref>
* {{SRB}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}
* {{USSR}} – Passed down to successor states.
* {{USSR}} – Passed down to successor states.


===Evaluation-only===
⚫
==References==
* {{US}} − A HMMWV fitted with a 2B9 Vasilek entered trials in 2004 for the US Army and Marine Corps, but it wasn't accepted for service{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=987}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

⚫
==References==
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011–2012 |publisher=Janes Information Group |location=Surrey |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-71062-960-9 |pages= |edition=32nd |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesarmourartil0000unse}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Jones |editor1-first=Richard D|editor2-last=Ness |editor2-first=Leland S |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2010-2011 |date=2010 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2908-1 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last=Kinard |first=Jeff |date=2007 |title=Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact |series=Weapons and Warfare|location=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851095612}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/AM-2B9-Vasilek-82-mm-automatic-mortar-Russian-Federation.html www.janes.com]
* [http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/AM-2B9-Vasilek-82-mm-automatic-mortar-Russian-Federation.html www.janes.com]
* [https://armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/ armamentresearch.com/soviet-2b9m-vasilek-self-loading-mortar/]


{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

Latest revision as of 19:22, 26 September 2024

2B9 Vasilek
82 mm 2B9 Vasilek Gun-mortar
TypeAutomatic Gun-mortar
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1970–present
WarsSoviet–Afghan War
Syrian Civil War
War in Donbas
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
ManufacturerBolshevik Plant, Norinco, Diósgyőri Gépgyár [hu]
Specifications
Mass632 kg (1,393 lb)
Shell3.23 kg (7 lb 2 oz) bomb
Caliber82 mm (3.2 in)[1]
Breechmuzzle loaded or breech loaded
Elevation−1° to 85°
Traverse60°[1]
Rate of fire100–120 rpm
Muzzle velocity270 m/s (890 ft/s)
Maximum firing range4,270 m (14,010 ft)
SightsPAM-1 2.5× or 3×

The 2B9 Vasilek (2Б9 "Василёк" - Cornflower) also known as Vasilyek,[2] AM 289 Vasilyek[3] or AM 2B9 Vasilyek,[3] is an automatic 82 mm gun-mortar developed in the Soviet Union in 1967 and fielded with the Soviet Army in 1970.

Description

[edit]

It was based on the F-82 automatic mortar. The 2B9 is a semiautomatic breechloader that makes use of 4-round clips or is loaded with individual rounds.[4] Rounds can be loaded from either the muzzle or the breech. Because of its wheeled carriage, the 2B9 resembles a light artillery piece more than a conventional mortar.

The 2B9 was used in Afghanistan[5] by Soviet units and is still found in Russian airmobile infantry units. In the fighting in Afghanistan, Soviet units found the 2B9 to be a versatile and useful weapon.[6] The 2B9 can fire high-explosive, armor-piercing, smoke, and illumination rounds. The armor-piercing projectile, which weighs 3.1 kg (6.8 lb), has a 75 g (2.6 oz) warhead that can penetrate 100 mm (3.9 in) of armor.[7] Upon blast, the high-explosive shell produces 400 to 600 fragments.

The 2B9 can be towed but is usually carried on a modified GAZ-66 military truck.[8] By 1988, the 2B9 was also deployed as a self-propelled weapon by mounting the gun-mortar in the rear of an MT-LB armored personnel carrier.[9]

During the Syrian Civil War, the 2B9M Vasilek was used by the Syrian Armed Forces, Kurdish People's Protection Units, and the Islamist group Ansar al-Sham. The latter used a 2B9M automatic mortar near Mount Chalma, Kesab district.[10]

Variants

[edit]
  • 2B9 Vasilek – Basic model
    • 2B9M Vasilek – Modernised version introduced in 1982, and adopted in 1983.[10]
  • DE-82 − upgraded Hungarian version developed in 1987.[8]
  • Type W99 – 2B9 Vasilek produced in the People's Republic of China by Norinco.[11]
  • Scorpion − In 2004, the US Army with the assistance of Picatinny Arsenal engineers, fitted a Hungarian-supplied 2B9 Vasilek into the rear of a Humvee chassis as a proof of concept for the Army and Marine Corps. It can carry 191 rounds and the armoured cab provides ballistic and blast overpressure protection for the crew. Ultimately, it wasn't adopted by the Army.[12]

Operators

[edit]
Map with 2B9 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current

[edit]

Former

[edit]

Evaluation-only

[edit]
  •  United States − A HMMWV fitted with a 2B9 Vasilek entered trials in 2004 for the US Army and Marine Corps, but it wasn't accepted for service[12]

Notes

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kinard (2007), p. 481.
  2. ^ "ODIN - OE Data Integration Network". odin.tradoc.army.mil. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  3. ^ a b Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau, Lester (20 January 2010). The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War (PDF). Military Bookshop. ISBN 978-1907521058.
  4. ^ Kinard (2007), p. 306.
  5. ^ Campbell, David (30 November 2017). Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89. Combat 29. Osprey Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 9781472817648.
  6. ^ "fmso.leavenworth.army.mil". Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  7. ^ Leland Ness (ed.), Jane's Infantry Weapons 2007–2008, pp. 556–557, Surrey: Jane's Information Group, 2007
  8. ^ a b c d Lovass, Ernő; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (3 September 2018). "Soviet 2B9M Vasilek self-loading mortar". armamentresearch.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  9. ^ "sill-www.army.mil" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  10. ^ a b c Jenzen-Jones, N.R.; Lyamin, Yuri (18 June 2014). "2B9M Vasilek automatic mortar in service with Ansar al-Sham in Syria". armamentresearch.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  11. ^ Blasko, Dennis J. (2013). The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 9781136519970.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Foss 2011, p. 987.
  13. ^ "The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And Azerbaijan". Oryx Blog. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jones & Ness 2010, pp. 554−555.
  15. ^ "It Became Known What the belarusian Territorial Defense is Armed With, Which the Wagnerians Will Train". Defense Express. 17 July 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  16. ^ How the "Cornflower" fires 13/11/14. Novorossia TV. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  17. ^ "Vídeo of DPR militia using 2B9 Vasilek". YouTube. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  18. ^ Jones & Ness 2010, p. 554.
  19. ^ "Niecodzienne historie - Ostre strzelanie". TVP rekonstrukcja (in Polish). Retrieved 25 August 2024.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2B9 Vasilek mortar.

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