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{{Short description|French Catholic bishop, cardinal and blessed}}
'''Pierre de Luxembourg''' (Peter of Luxemburg) (1369–1387) was a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] cardinal.<ref>''La Ville Sonnant:The Politics of Sacred Space in Avignon on the Eve of the French Revolution'', Eric Johnson, '''Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Modern Europe''', ed. Sarah Hamilton, Andrew Spicer, (Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2005), 329.</ref> He was [[beatification|beatified]] in 1527.
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific_prefix = [[Beatification|Blessed]]
| name = Pierre de Luxembourg
| honorific_suffix =
| title = ''[[Pseudocardinal]]''<br />''[[Bishop of Metz]]''
| image = Master Of The Avignon School- Vision of Cardinal Pierre de Luxembourg.jpg
| image_size = 280
| alt =
| caption = Vision of Peter of Luxembourg by the Master of the Avignon, circa 1450
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = Metz
| see = Metz
| elected =
| appointed = 10 February 1384
| term =
| term_start =
| enthroned = September 1384
| term_end = 2 July 1387
| quashed =
| retired =
| predecessor = Therri Bayer de Boppard
| successor = Raoul de Coucy
| opposed =
| other_post = [[San Giorgio in Velabro|Pseudocardinal-Priest of San Giorgio in Velabro]] (1384-1387)<ref name=cathhier>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdluxpi.html "Bishop Bl. Pierre de Luxembourg", Catholic Hierarchy]</ref>
<!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = c. 1379
| ordained_by =
| consecration = c. 1384
| consecrated_by =
| cardinal = 15 April 1384
| created_cardinal_by = [[Antipope Clement VII]]
| rank = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]]<ref name=cathhier/>
| birth_name = Pierre de Luxembourg
| birth_date = 19 July 1369<ref name=nimes>[https://www-nimes--catholique-fr.translate.goog/saints-du-diocese-de-nimes-uzes-et-ales/?_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc "Blessed Peter of Luxembourg, bishop.", Saints of the Diocese of Nîmes]</ref>
| birth_place = [[Ligny-en-Barrois]], [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1387|07|02|1369|07|20}}
| death_place = [[Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]], [[Avignon]], Kingdom of France
| buried =
| tomb =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Mgr Pierre de Luxembourg.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day = {{unbulleted list|2 July|5 July ([[Carthusians]])}}
| venerated = Roman Catholic Church
| saint_title =
| beatified_date = 9 April 1527
| beatified_place = [[Old Saint Peter's Basilica]], [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
| beatified_by = [[Pope Clement VII]]
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes = {{unbulleted list|Shield|[[Crucifix]]|Cardinal's attire}}
| patronage = {{unbulleted list|Avignon}}
| shrine =
| suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ---------->
| module =
| other =
}}


'''Pierre de Luxembourg''' (19 July 1369 – 2 July 1387) was a [[French people|French]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[prelate]] who served as the [[Bishop of Metz]]. He is [[Veneration|venerated]] in the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[Beatification|blessed]], having been beatified by [[Pope Clement VII]], 140 years after his death.<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-peter-of-luxembourg/|title=Blessed Peter of Luxembourg|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=1 July 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017}}</ref>
==Life==
Peter was born 20 July 1369, in [[Ligny-en-Barrois]], [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]], [[France]] and was the second of the six children of [[Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny]], and Saint-Pol, and Mahaut de Châtillon.<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', (Liturgical Press, 2007), 483.</ref>


Pierre was descended from nobles who secured his entrance into the [[priesthood]] when he started to serve in several places as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] before he was named as the [[Bishop of Metz]] and a pseudocardinal under an [[antipope]]. He was noted for his austerities and successes in diocesan reform as well as for his dedication to the faithful and tried to end the [[Western Schism]] that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers.<ref name="SQPN" /> His efforts were in vain and he was soon driven from Metz but moved to southern [[France]] where he died as a result of his harsh self-imposed penances.
Both of Peter's parents died while he was still young. He was raised by his aunt, Jeanne, countess of [[Orgières]]. In 1377 he was sent to study at the [[University of Paris]]. At the age of ten, he was selected to be [[Canon (priest)|canon]] of the cathedral chapter of [[Notre Dame de Paris]].<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', 483.</ref> In 1381 he became a canon of the cathedral chapter of [[Chartres Cathedral|Notre Dame de Chartres]] and was elevated to Archdeacon of [[Dreux]] in the diocese of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chartres|Chartres]].<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', 483.</ref> The following year he was selected to be [[Archdeacon]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai|Cambrai]].<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', 483.</ref>


Both sides in the conflict recognized his deep holiness and his dedication to the people in Metz and elsewhere.<ref name=SQPN/> After many appeals for him to be beatified, [[Pope Clement VII]] beatified him on 9 April 1527.
In 1384 the episcopal see of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz|Metz]] was vacant. The selection of a new bishop was complicated by the [[Western Schism]] in which [[France]] supported [[Antipope Clement VII]] while the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] supported [[Pope Urban VI]]. Antipope Clement VII named Peter as the new bishop of Metz on 10 February 1384.<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', 483.</ref> He was able to temporarily occupy Metz with armed troops, but was later forced to withdraw.<ref>Michael J. Walsh, ''Peter of Luxembourg'', '''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''', 483.</ref> About the same time Pope Urban VI selected Tilman Vuss de Bettenburg as bishop of Metz.<ref>Conrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'' (Münich: Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913), I, 338.</ref>


==Life==
At the request of King [[Charles VI of France]] and [[John, Duke of Berry]], Peter was made a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal deacon]] by Antipope Clement VII on 15 April 1384. He received the diaconal title of [[San Giorgio in Velabro]].<ref>Eubel, I, 28.</ref>
Pierre de Luxembourg was born at the castle of Ligny-sur-Ornain in July 1369,<ref name=strong>[https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/L/luxembourg-pierre-de.html "Luxembourg, Pierre De", ''The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature''. (James Strong and John McClintock, eds.) Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880]{{PD-notice}}</ref> the second of six children to [[Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny|Guido de Luxembourg]] (1340-1371) and Mahaut de Châtillon (1335-1378); the couple married circa 1354. His name originates from the fact that he was a 5th generation descendant of [[Henry V, Count of Luxembourg]], and thus belonged to the French branch of the [[House of Luxembourg]]. His parents died during his childhood (father when he was two and mother when he was four) which prompted his aunt Jeanne - the countess of Orgières - to raise him in [[Paris]].<ref name=SQPN/> His siblings were:
* Valeran (1355-12 April 1415)
* [[John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir|Jean]] (c. 1370–1397)
* André (1374-1396; later [[Bishop of Cambrai]])
* Marie (d. 1391)
* Jeanne
Pierre was uncle to [[Lewis of Luxembourg|Louis de Luxembourg]] and the quasi-cardinal Thibault de Luxembourg; he was the great-granduncle of [[Philippe de Luxembourg]].<ref name=Miranda>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1384a.htm The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031758/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1384a.htm |date=2016-03-05 }}</ref>


In 1377 he began studies at the [[University of Paris|Parisian college]]. In 1379 he was elected a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] for the cathedral chapter of [[Notre Dame de Paris]]. In 1381 he traveled to [[London]] to offer himself as a hostage to the English in order to secure his brother's release. The English were so perplexed yet enthralled with this offer that his brother was returned to France. Hearing this, [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] invited him to remain at his court, but Pierre returned to Paris to pursue his vocation to the [[priesthood]].<ref name=SQPN/> That same year he became a canon for the cathedral chapter of [[Chartres Cathedral|Notre Dame de Chartres]]<ref name=FaithND>[https://faith.nd.edu/s/1210/faith/interior.aspx?sid=1210&gid=609&pgid=46381&cid=88961&ecid=88961&crid=0&calpgid=61&calcid=53508 "Blessed Pierre of Luxembourg", FaithND]</ref> and was made [[Dreux|Archdeacon of Dreux]] in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chartres|Chartres diocese]]. He had a great devotion to the passion and the cross of Christ. In 1382 he was elected Archdeacon for Cambrai.<ref name=strong/>
==Death and beatification==
Peter died of anorexia at age eighteen on<ref>Manchester, W. (1992). A World Lit Only By Fire, p.63</ref> 2 July 1387, in a Carthusian monastery at [[Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]].<ref>''Bd Peter of Luxembourg'', '''Butler's Lives of the Saints''', ed. Alban Butler, Paul Burns, (Burns and Oates, 2000), 16.</ref> According to his own wishes he was buried in the common cemetery of paupers. When miracles began to be reported at his tomb, his brother Jean ordered the construction of a church dedicated to [[Pope Celestine V|Pope Saint Celestine V]] to which his remains were transferred.


[[File:Nicolas Mignard 002.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Sforza places Avignon under the protection of Pierre during the plague outbreak.]]
The topic of Peter's canonization was raised at the [[Council of Basel]] (1431–1449), but without any conclusion. In 1527 he was beatified.<ref>''Bd Peter of Luxembourg'', '''Butler's Lives of the Saints''', 16.</ref>
===Bishop===
In 1384 the episcopal see of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz|Metz]] became vacant. The selection of a new bishop was complicated by the [[Western Schism]] in which the [[Kingdom of France]] supported [[Antipope Clement VII]] while the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] supported [[Pope Urban VI]]. The [[antipope]] named Pierre as Bishop of Metz in 1384 and he was enthroned there that September entering barefoot on a [[Donkey|mule]]. He divided diocesan revenues into thirds: the first two were for the Church and the poor and the third for his household.<ref name=SQPN/> He was able to take Metz with armed troops for a brief period of time but was forced to withdraw sometime in 1385. About this time Pope Urban VI named Tilman Vuss de Bettenburg as the legitimate Bishop of Metz.


After [[Charles VI of France|King Charles VI]] and [[John, Duke of Berry|Duke John of Berry]] asked the antipope to make Pierre a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]], he was made cardinal priest of [[San Giorgio in Velabro]] on 15 April 1384. During his time as a pseudocardinal he attempted without success to end the Western Schism.<ref name=Miranda/> The antipope invited Pierre on 23 September 1386 to join him at his court in [[Avignon]] where he remained until his death.<ref name=FaithND/>
Peter was declared patron saint of Avignon in 1432.<ref>Patricia Healy Wasyliw, ''Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe'', (Peter Lang Publishing, 2008), 98.</ref> As such, the city was placed under his protection by Vice-Legate Sforva during a plague outbreak in 1640.<ref>''La Ville Sonnant:The Politics of Sacred Space in Avignon on the Eve of the French Revolution'', Eric Johnson, '''Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Modern Europe''', 331.</ref>


Pierre died in July 2, 1387 from [[fever]] that resulted from the austerities he had imposed upon himself; he had fallen ill in March. He died at the [[Carthusian]] [[convent]] in [[Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]] in Avignon.<ref name=SQPN/> His wished to be buried in a common grave as [[paupers]] were. In 1387, the mystic [[Marie Robine]] was reportedly healed at his tomb.<ref name=Warner24>{{cite book |last=Warner |first=Marina |author-link=Marina Warner |date=1981 |title=Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bD6v280aK4C&pg=PA24 |location=Leiden |publisher= |pages=24–25 |isbn=0-520-22464-7}}</ref> On 16 March 1395, his brother Jean ordered the construction of a church dedicated to the sainted [[Pope Celestine V]] and Pierre's remains were transferred there.<ref name=Miranda/>
His cult following included the cities of Metz, Paris, Verdun and Luxembourg.<ref>Patricia Healy Wasyliw, ''Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe'', 98.</ref> In 1597, his relics were displayed in Paris, but during the French Revolution they were destroyed, however some of his relics remain in St. Didier in Avignon.<ref>Patricia Healy Wasyliw, ''Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe'', 98.</ref>

==Veneration==
The subject of his canonization was raised at the [[Council of Basel]] but without a solid conclusion. In 1432 he was named the patron saint of Avignon. His cult following included Metz and Paris in addition to Verdun and Luxembourg. His beatification had been requested on numerous occasions. [[Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou|Queen Maria of Naples]] made one such request on 1 February 1388 as did several other nobles and princes. The process was opened on numerous occasions but faced frequent interruptions (1389 and 1390 and later 1433 and 1435). [[Pope Clement VII]] beatified Pierre in 1527.<ref name=nimes/>

In 1597 his relics were taken to Paris where they were damaged during the French Revolution. In 1629 [[Pope Urban VIII]] allowed the Carthusians to celebrate a [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office]] in his name. The vice-legate Sforza placed the city under his protection during a 1640 plague outbreak. Since 1854 his relics have been venerated in the Saint-Didier church in Avignon, in Châteauneuf-du-Pape and in Ligny-en-Barrois.<ref>[https://www-archives-diocese--avignon-fr.translate.goog/Bienheureux-Pierre-de-Luxembourg.html?_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc "Blessed Peter of Luxembourg", Diocése d'Avignon, April 24, 2008]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==Further reading==
* Conrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'' (Münich: Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913), I, 338.
* Michael J. Walsh, "Peter of Luxembourg" in ''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West'', (Liturgical Press, 2007), 483.
* Patricia Healy Wasyliw, ''Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe'', (Peter Lang Publishing, 2008), 98.
* Eric Johnson, "La Ville Sonnant: The Politics of Sacred Space in Avignon on the Eve of the French Revolution", in ''Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Modern Europe'', p. 331.
* Alban Butler and Paul Burns (ed.), "Bd. Peter of Luxembourg" in ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' (Burns and Oates, 2000), p. 16.
* {{BBKL|p/peter_v_l|band=7|autor= Jan-Luc Fray|artikel= Peter von Luxemburg (Le Bienheureux Pierre de Luxembourg)|spalten=259-261}}
* {{BBKL|p/peter_v_l|band=7|autor= Jan-Luc Fray|artikel= Peter von Luxemburg (Le Bienheureux Pierre de Luxembourg)|spalten=259-261}}
* Salvador Miranda, [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1384a.htm The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
* {{fr icon}} [http://diocese-avignon.fr/spip/Bienheureux-Pierre-de-Luxemburg Biography]


==External links==
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5384 Catholic Online]
* [http://diocese-avignon.fr/spip/Bienheureux-Pierre-de-Luxemburg Diocese of Avignon] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Portal|Saints|Biography|Catholicism|France|Luxembourg|History}}
{{Canonization}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luxembourg, Pierre de}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luxembourg, Pierre de}}
[[Category:1369 births]]
[[Category:1369 births]]
[[Category:1387 deaths]]
[[Category:1387 deaths]]
[[Category:French cardinals]]
[[Category:14th-century French cardinals]]
[[Category:French beatified people]]
[[Category:14th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian dynasty]]
[[Category:Bishops of Metz]]
[[Category:14th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:14th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:Medieval Luxembourgian saints]]
[[Category:Bishops of Metz]]
[[Category:Deaths from anorexia nervosa]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in France]]
[[Category:French beatified people]]
[[Category:House of Luxembourg|Pierre]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Medieval Luxembourgian saints]]
[[Category:People from Meuse (department)]]

Latest revision as of 20:51, 26 September 2024

Blessed

Pierre de Luxembourg
Pseudocardinal
Bishop of Metz
Vision of Peter of Luxembourg by the Master of the Avignon, circa 1450
ChurchCatholic Church
DioceseMetz
SeeMetz
Appointed10 February 1384
InstalledSeptember 1384
Term ended2 July 1387
PredecessorTherri Bayer de Boppard
SuccessorRaoul de Coucy
Other post(s)Pseudocardinal-Priest of San Giorgio in Velabro (1384-1387)[1]
Orders
Ordinationc. 1379
Consecrationc. 1384
Created cardinal15 April 1384
by Antipope Clement VII
RankCardinal-Priest[1]
Personal details
Born
Pierre de Luxembourg

19 July 1369[2]
Ligny-en-Barrois, Meuse, Kingdom of France
Died2 July 1387(1387-07-02) (aged 17)
Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, Avignon, Kingdom of France
Coat of armsPierre de Luxembourg's coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church
Beatified9 April 1527
Old Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, Papal States
by Pope Clement VII
Attributes
Patronage
  • Avignon

Pierre de Luxembourg (19 July 1369 – 2 July 1387) was a French Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Metz. He is venerated in the Catholic Church as a blessed, having been beatified by Pope Clement VII, 140 years after his death.[3]

Pierre was descended from nobles who secured his entrance into the priesthood when he started to serve in several places as a canon before he was named as the Bishop of Metz and a pseudocardinal under an antipope. He was noted for his austerities and successes in diocesan reform as well as for his dedication to the faithful and tried to end the Western Schism that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers.[3] His efforts were in vain and he was soon driven from Metz but moved to southern France where he died as a result of his harsh self-imposed penances.

Both sides in the conflict recognized his deep holiness and his dedication to the people in Metz and elsewhere.[3] After many appeals for him to be beatified, Pope Clement VII beatified him on 9 April 1527.

Life

[edit]

Pierre de Luxembourg was born at the castle of Ligny-sur-Ornain in July 1369,[4] the second of six children to Guido de Luxembourg (1340-1371) and Mahaut de Châtillon (1335-1378); the couple married circa 1354. His name originates from the fact that he was a 5th generation descendant of Henry V, Count of Luxembourg, and thus belonged to the French branch of the House of Luxembourg. His parents died during his childhood (father when he was two and mother when he was four) which prompted his aunt Jeanne - the countess of Orgières - to raise him in Paris.[3] His siblings were:

  • Valeran (1355-12 April 1415)
  • Jean (c. 1370–1397)
  • André (1374-1396; later Bishop of Cambrai)
  • Marie (d. 1391)
  • Jeanne

Pierre was uncle to Louis de Luxembourg and the quasi-cardinal Thibault de Luxembourg; he was the great-granduncle of Philippe de Luxembourg.[5]

In 1377 he began studies at the Parisian college. In 1379 he was elected a canon for the cathedral chapter of Notre Dame de Paris. In 1381 he traveled to London to offer himself as a hostage to the English in order to secure his brother's release. The English were so perplexed yet enthralled with this offer that his brother was returned to France. Hearing this, Richard II invited him to remain at his court, but Pierre returned to Paris to pursue his vocation to the priesthood.[3] That same year he became a canon for the cathedral chapter of Notre Dame de Chartres[6] and was made Archdeacon of Dreux in the Chartres diocese. He had a great devotion to the passion and the cross of Christ. In 1382 he was elected Archdeacon for Cambrai.[4]

Sforza places Avignon under the protection of Pierre during the plague outbreak.

Bishop

[edit]

In 1384 the episcopal see of Metz became vacant. The selection of a new bishop was complicated by the Western Schism in which the Kingdom of France supported Antipope Clement VII while the Holy Roman Emperor supported Pope Urban VI. The antipope named Pierre as Bishop of Metz in 1384 and he was enthroned there that September entering barefoot on a mule. He divided diocesan revenues into thirds: the first two were for the Church and the poor and the third for his household.[3] He was able to take Metz with armed troops for a brief period of time but was forced to withdraw sometime in 1385. About this time Pope Urban VI named Tilman Vuss de Bettenburg as the legitimate Bishop of Metz.

After King Charles VI and Duke John of Berry asked the antipope to make Pierre a cardinal, he was made cardinal priest of San Giorgio in Velabro on 15 April 1384. During his time as a pseudocardinal he attempted without success to end the Western Schism.[5] The antipope invited Pierre on 23 September 1386 to join him at his court in Avignon where he remained until his death.[6]

Pierre died in July 2, 1387 from fever that resulted from the austerities he had imposed upon himself; he had fallen ill in March. He died at the Carthusian convent in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon in Avignon.[3] His wished to be buried in a common grave as paupers were. In 1387, the mystic Marie Robine was reportedly healed at his tomb.[7] On 16 March 1395, his brother Jean ordered the construction of a church dedicated to the sainted Pope Celestine V and Pierre's remains were transferred there.[5]

Veneration

[edit]

The subject of his canonization was raised at the Council of Basel but without a solid conclusion. In 1432 he was named the patron saint of Avignon. His cult following included Metz and Paris in addition to Verdun and Luxembourg. His beatification had been requested on numerous occasions. Queen Maria of Naples made one such request on 1 February 1388 as did several other nobles and princes. The process was opened on numerous occasions but faced frequent interruptions (1389 and 1390 and later 1433 and 1435). Pope Clement VII beatified Pierre in 1527.[2]

In 1597 his relics were taken to Paris where they were damaged during the French Revolution. In 1629 Pope Urban VIII allowed the Carthusians to celebrate a Mass and the Divine Office in his name. The vice-legate Sforza placed the city under his protection during a 1640 plague outbreak. Since 1854 his relics have been venerated in the Saint-Didier church in Avignon, in Châteauneuf-du-Pape and in Ligny-en-Barrois.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Bishop Bl. Pierre de Luxembourg", Catholic Hierarchy
  2. ^ a b "Blessed Peter of Luxembourg, bishop.", Saints of the Diocese of Nîmes
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Blessed Peter of Luxembourg". Saints SQPN. 1 July 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Luxembourg, Pierre De", The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. (James Strong and John McClintock, eds.) Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ a b c The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b "Blessed Pierre of Luxembourg", FaithND
  7. ^ Warner, Marina (1981). Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism. Leiden. pp. 24–25. ISBN 0-520-22464-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ "Blessed Peter of Luxembourg", Diocése d'Avignon, April 24, 2008

Further reading

[edit]
  • Conrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi (Münich: Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913), I, 338.
  • Michael J. Walsh, "Peter of Luxembourg" in A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, (Liturgical Press, 2007), 483.
  • Patricia Healy Wasyliw, Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe, (Peter Lang Publishing, 2008), 98.
  • Eric Johnson, "La Ville Sonnant: The Politics of Sacred Space in Avignon on the Eve of the French Revolution", in Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, p. 331.
  • Alban Butler and Paul Burns (ed.), "Bd. Peter of Luxembourg" in Butler's Lives of the Saints (Burns and Oates, 2000), p. 16.
  • Jan-Luc Fray (1994). "Peter von Luxemburg (Le Bienheureux Pierre de Luxembourg)". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 7. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 259–261. ISBN 3-88309-048-4.
[edit]
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