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{{short description|British builder}}
{{Short description|British builder (1856–1915)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Other people}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{More footnotes|date=June 2015}}

{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = William Willett
| name = William Willett
|image = William-Willett.jpg
| image = William-Willett.jpg
|image_size = 120px
| image_size = 120px
|caption = William Willett in 1909, photographed by Sir [[John Benjamin Stone]]
| caption = Willett in 1909, photographed by Sir [[John Benjamin Stone]]
|birth_date = 10 August 1856
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1856|08|10|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Farnham, Surrey]], [[England]], UK
| birth_place = [[Farnham, Surrey]], [[England]]
|death_date = 4 March 1915 (aged {{Age|1856|8|10|1915|3|4}})
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1915|3|4|1856|8|10}}
|death_place =
| death_place =
⚫
| known_for = [[Daylight saving time]]
|nationality = English
⚫
| occupation = Builder
⚫
|known_for = [[Daylight saving time]]
| relatives = {{nowrap|[[Chris Martin]] of [[Coldplay]]}} (great great grandson)
⚫
|occupation = builder}}
}}


'''William Willett''' (10 August 1856 – 4 March 1915) was a British builder and a promoter of [[British Summer Time]].
'''William Willett''' (10 August 1856 – 4 March 1915) was a British builder and a promoter of [[British Summer Time]].
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Willett was born in [[Farnham, Surrey]], and educated at the [[St Marylebone Grammar School|Philological School]]. After some commercial experience, he entered his father's building business, Willett Building Services. Between them they created a reputation for "Willett built" quality houses in choice parts of London and the south, including [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=David Prout|title=Willett built|journal=Victorian Society Annual|year=1989|pages=21–46}}</ref> and [[Hove]], including [[Derwent House]]. He lived most of his life in [[Chislehurst]], Kent, where, it is said, after riding his horse in [[Petts Wood]] near his home early one summer morning and noticing how many blinds were still down, the idea for daylight saving time first occurred to him.
Willett was born in [[Farnham, Surrey]], and educated at the [[St Marylebone Grammar School|Philological School]]. After some commercial experience, he entered his father's building business, Willett Building Services. Between them they created a reputation for "Willett built" quality houses in choice parts of London and the south, including [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=David Prout|title=Willett built|journal=Victorian Society Annual|year=1989|pages=21–46}}</ref> and [[Hove]], including [[Derwent House]]. He lived most of his life in [[Chislehurst]], Kent, where, it is said, after riding his horse in [[Petts Wood]] near his home early one summer morning and noticing how many blinds were still down, the idea for daylight saving time first occurred to him.


This was not the first time that the idea of adapting to daylight hours had been mooted, however. It was common practice in the ancient world,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Daylight saving in ancient Rome|author=[[Berthold Ullman|B.L. Ullman]]|journal=The Classical Journal|volume=13|issue=6|pages=450–451|date=March 1918|jstor=3288163}}</ref> and [[Benjamin Franklin]]'s light-hearted 1784 satire resulted in resurrecting the idea.<ref>{{cite journal|author=[[Benjamin Franklin]], writing [[anonymously]]|title=Aux auteurs du Journal|journal=[[Journal de Paris]]|date=26 April 1784|issue=117|language=fr}}
This was not the first time that the idea of adapting to daylight hours had been mooted, however. It was common practice in the ancient world,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Daylight saving in ancient Rome|author=[[Berthold Ullman|B.L. Ullman]]|journal=The Classical Journal|volume=13|issue=6|pages=450–451|date=March 1918|jstor=3288163}}</ref> and in 1784 a light-hearted satire by [[Benjamin Franklin]] resulted in resurrecting the idea.<ref>{{cite journal|author=[[Benjamin Franklin]], writing [[anonymously]]|title=Aux auteurs du Journal|journal=[[Journal de Paris]]|date=26 April 1784|issue=117|language=fr}}


The [http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html revised English version] is commonly called "An Economical Project".</ref> Although Franklin's facetious suggestion was simply that people should get up earlier in summer, he is often erroneously attributed as the inventor of DST while Willett is often ignored. Modern DST was first proposed by New Zealand entomologist [[George Vernon Hudson]], although many publications incorrectly credit Willett.<ref name=NZG>{{cite journal|title= Institute of British Geographers Publication|journal= New Zealand Geographer|year=1948|volume=4|issue=1|pages=104|doi=10.1111/j.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x}}</ref>
The [http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html revised English version] is commonly called "An Economical Project".</ref> Although Franklin's suggestion was simply that people should get up earlier in summer, he is often erroneously attributed as the inventor of DST while Willett is often ignored. Modern DST was first proposed by New Zealand entomologist [[George Vernon Hudson]], although many publications incorrectly credit Willett.<ref name=NZG>{{cite journal|title= Institute of British Geographers Publication|journal= New Zealand Geographer|year=1948|volume=4|issue=1|pages=104|doi=10.1111/j.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x}}</ref>


Using his own financial resources, in 1907 William published a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight".<ref>{{cite journal|author=William Willett|title=The waste of daylight|date=July 1907|version=1st edition|url=http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html}} | {{cite journal|author=William Willett|title=The waste of daylight|date=March 1914|version=19th edition|url=http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614032001/http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf|archive-date=14 June 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In it he proposed that the clocks should be advanced by 80 minutes in four incremental steps during April and reversed the same way during September.<ref>Rose Wild [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/eureka/article7116035.ece "The battle for British Summer Time"], ''The Times'', 6 May 2010</ref> The evenings would then remain light for longer, increasing daylight recreation time and also saving £2.5 million in lighting costs. He suggested that the clocks should be advanced by 20 minutes at a time at 2 am on successive Sundays in April and be reversed in September.
Using his own financial resources, in 1907 William published a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight".<ref>{{cite web|author=William Willett|title=The waste of daylight|date=July 1907|version=1st edition|url=http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html}} | {{cite web|author=William Willett|title=The waste of daylight|date=March 1914|version=19th edition|url=http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614032001/http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf|archive-date=14 June 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In it he proposed that the clocks should be advanced by 80 minutes in four incremental steps during April and reversed the same way during September.<ref>Rose Wild [https://web.archive.org/web/20100522045658/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/eureka/article7116035.ece "The battle for British Summer Time"], ''The Times'', 6 May 2010</ref> The evenings would then remain light for longer, increasing daylight recreation time and also saving £2.5 million in lighting costs. He suggested that the clocks should be advanced by 20 minutes at a time at 2 am on successive Sundays in April and be reversed in September.

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Detail on the William Willett Memorial in Petts Wood.jpg
| width1 = 200
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = The William Willett Memorial (III).jpg
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
⚫
| footer = William Willett is remembered in [[Petts Wood]] by a memorial [[sundial]], which is always set on [[Daylight saving time|DST]] ([[Daylight Saving Time]])
}}


⚫
[[Image:Willett memorial.JPG|thumb|upright|William Willett is remembered in [[Petts Wood]] by a memorial [[sundial]], which is always set on [[Daylight saving time|DST]] ([[Daylight Saving Time]])]]
[[File:Daylight Inn - geograph.org.uk - 1098681.jpg|thumb|[[The Daylight Inn]], Petts Wood, 2011]]
[[File:Daylight Inn - geograph.org.uk - 1098681.jpg|thumb|[[The Daylight Inn]], Petts Wood, 2011]]
Through vigorous campaigning, by 1908 Willett had managed to gain the support of a member of parliament (MP), [[Robert Pearce (MP)|Robert Pearce]], who made several unsuccessful attempts to get it passed into law. A young [[Winston Churchill]] promoted it for a time,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Winston S. Churchill|title=A silent toast to William Willett|journal=Pictorial Weekly|date=28 April 1934}}</ref> and the idea was examined again by a parliamentary select committee in 1909 but again nothing was done. The outbreak of the [[First World War]] made the issue more important primarily because of the need to save coal. Germany had already introduced the scheme when the bill was finally passed in Britain on 17 May 1916 and the clocks were advanced by an hour on the following Sunday, 21 May, enacted as a wartime production-boosting device under the [[Defence of the Realm Act]]. It was subsequently adopted in many other countries.
Through vigorous campaigning, by 1908 Willett had managed to gain the support of a member of parliament (MP), [[Robert Pearce (MP)|Robert Pearce]], who made several unsuccessful attempts to get it passed into law. A young [[Winston Churchill]] promoted it for a time,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Winston S. Churchill|title=A silent toast to William Willett|journal=Pictorial Weekly|date=28 April 1934}}</ref> and the idea was examined again by a parliamentary select committee in 1909 but again nothing was done. The outbreak of the [[First World War]] made the issue more important primarily because of the need to save coal. Germany had already introduced the scheme when the bill was finally passed in Britain on 17 May 1916 and the clocks were advanced by an hour on the following Sunday, 21 May, enacted as a wartime production-boosting device under the [[Defence of the Realm Act]]. It was subsequently adopted in many other countries.


William Willett did not live to see daylight saving become law, as he died of [[influenza]] in 1915 at the age of 58. He is commemorated in [[Petts Wood]] by a memorial [[sundial]], set permanently to daylight saving time. [[The Daylight Inn]] in Petts Wood is named in his honour and the road Willett Way. His house in [[Chislehurst]] is marked with a [[blue plaque]]. He is buried in St Nicholas' Churchyard, [[Chislehurst]], although a memorial to his family stands in the churchyard at [[St Wulfran's Church, Ovingdean]], in [[Brighton and Hove]].<ref name="Dale207">{{cite book|last=Dale|first=Antony|title=Brighton Churches|orig-year=1989|publisher=Routledge|location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8|page=207|year=1989}}</ref>
William Willett did not live to see daylight saving become law, as he died of [[influenza]] in 1915 at the age of 58. He is commemorated in Petts Wood by a memorial [[sundial]], set permanently to daylight saving time. [[The Daylight Inn]] in Petts Wood is named in his honour as is the road Willett Way. His house in Chislehurst is marked with a [[blue plaque]]. He is buried in St Nicholas' Churchyard, Chislehurst, although a memorial to his family stands in the churchyard at [[St Wulfran's Church, Ovingdean]], in [[Brighton and Hove]].<ref name="Dale207">{{cite book|last=Dale|first=Antony|title=Brighton Churches|orig-year=1989|publisher=Routledge|location=London |isbn=0-415-00863-8|page=207|year=1989}}</ref>


===Freemason===
===Freemason===
Willet was initiated into Camden Place Lodge on 1 November 1906.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pettswoodlodge.org.uk/2020/03/31/william-willett-builder-summer-time-enthusiast-freemason/|title=William Willett, Builder, Summer Time Enthusiast & Freemason|author=|date=31 March 2020|publisher=pettswoodlodge.org.uk|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
Willett was initiated into Camden Place Lodge on 1 November 1906.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pettswoodlodge.org.uk/2020/03/31/william-willett-builder-summer-time-enthusiast-freemason/|title=William Willett, Builder, Summer Time Enthusiast & Freemason|author=|date=31 March 2020|publisher=pettswoodlodge.org.uk|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>


===Family===
===Family===
William Willett married twice, firstly in 1879 to Maria Mills (died 1905), with whom he had seven children; secondly in 1910 to Florence Strickland, with whom he had one daughter.<ref>Who Do You Think You Are Magazine, 6 Jun. 2017, Changing Times, p. 67</ref><ref>A History of Time: A Chronicle of Calendars, Clocks and Time Zones, Paul R. Wonning, Barnes & Noble Press, 2018, p. 79</ref><ref>Girton College Register: 1869-1946, Girton College, University of Cambridge, 1948, p. 260</ref>
William Willett married twice:

Firstly in 1879 Sussex to Maria Mills (1858–1905), with issue:
* Gertrude Maria Willett (1881–died)
* Constance Muriel Willett (1882–1937), married Rev Charles Inchbald Radford (1871–1944)
* Herbert William M. Willett (1884–1917)
* Cicely Gwendoline Willett (1887–died)
* Dorothy Ermyntrude Willett (1890–died)
* Gladys Evelyn Willett (1892–died)
* Basil Rupert Willett (1896–1966)

Secondly in 1910 Christchurch to Florence Mary A. Strickland (born Florence Rose Stickland {{sic}}, Fishbourne, Isle of Wight 1883–died), with issue:
* Joan I. Willett (1911–died)


Willett was the grandfather of [[John Willett]], translator of [[Bertolt Brecht]], and is a great-great-grandfather of [[Coldplay]] singer [[Chris Martin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dekel |first=Jon |date=2014-03-09 |title=Daylight Saving Time's Coldplay connection |url=https://o.canada.com/entertainment/music/daylight-saving-times-coldplay-connection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118104732/https://o.canada.com/entertainment/music/daylight-saving-times-coldplay-connection |archive-date=2018-11-18 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Canada.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/when-clocks-change-2022-march-go-forward-uk-summer-time|title=British Summer Time 2022: How Chris Martin's great-great-grandfather ensured our clocks go forward|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=26 March 2022|last1=MacPhail|first1=Cameron}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-03-01 |title=Pioneer of British Summer Time to be recognised |url=http://www.actonw3.com/default.asp?section=info&spage=common/conhist10.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514001425/http://www.actonw3.com/default.asp?section=info&spage=common/conhist10.htm |archive-date=2021-05-14 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=ActonW3.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Hansard|title=Lighter Evenings (Experiment) Bill|jurisdiction=Parliament of the United Kingdom|house=House of Lords|date=24 March 2006|volume=679|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCYNAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Chris+Martin%22+%22William+Willett%22|column=461|speaker=Lord Tanlaw|quote=Is the Minister aware also that in 1909, William Willett, who was the great-great grandfather of the popular singer Chris Martin of Coldplay, drafted Bills for Parliament's acceptance proposing daylight saving in this country as a means of conserving energy?}}</ref>
Willett is a great-great-grandfather of [[Coldplay]] singer [[Chris Martin]].<ref>Jonathan Dekel. Martin honoured his ancestor with "Clocks" in 2002 [http://o.canada.com/entertainment/music/daylight-saving-times-coldplay-connection "Daylight Saving Time’s Coldplay connection"], Canada.com; accessed 21 June 2015.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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*{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Willett, William|short=x}}
*{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Willett, William|short=x}}


{{Chris Martin}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Daylight saving time in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Daylight saving time in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:English inventors]]
[[Category:English inventors]]
[[Category:Deaths from influenza]]
[[Category:Deaths from influenza in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in England]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in England]]
[[Category:People from Chislehurst]]
[[Category:People from Chislehurst]]

Latest revision as of 04:47, 27 September 2024

For other people named William Willett, see William Willett (disambiguation).

William Willett
Willett in 1909, photographed by Sir John Benjamin Stone
Born(1856-08-10)10 August 1856
Farnham, Surrey, England
Died4 March 1915(1915-03-04) (aged 58)
OccupationBuilder
Known forDaylight saving time
RelativesChris Martin of Coldplay (great great grandson)

William Willett (10 August 1856 – 4 March 1915) was a British builder and a promoter of British Summer Time.

Biography

[edit]

Willett was born in Farnham, Surrey, and educated at the Philological School. After some commercial experience, he entered his father's building business, Willett Building Services. Between them they created a reputation for "Willett built" quality houses in choice parts of London and the south, including Chelsea[1] and Hove, including Derwent House. He lived most of his life in Chislehurst, Kent, where, it is said, after riding his horse in Petts Wood near his home early one summer morning and noticing how many blinds were still down, the idea for daylight saving time first occurred to him.

This was not the first time that the idea of adapting to daylight hours had been mooted, however. It was common practice in the ancient world,[2] and in 1784 a light-hearted satire by Benjamin Franklin resulted in resurrecting the idea.[3] Although Franklin's suggestion was simply that people should get up earlier in summer, he is often erroneously attributed as the inventor of DST while Willett is often ignored. Modern DST was first proposed by New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson, although many publications incorrectly credit Willett.[4]

Using his own financial resources, in 1907 William published a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight".[5] In it he proposed that the clocks should be advanced by 80 minutes in four incremental steps during April and reversed the same way during September.[6] The evenings would then remain light for longer, increasing daylight recreation time and also saving £2.5 million in lighting costs. He suggested that the clocks should be advanced by 20 minutes at a time at 2 am on successive Sundays in April and be reversed in September.

William Willett is remembered in Petts Wood by a memorial sundial, which is always set on DST (Daylight Saving Time)
The Daylight Inn, Petts Wood, 2011

Through vigorous campaigning, by 1908 Willett had managed to gain the support of a member of parliament (MP), Robert Pearce, who made several unsuccessful attempts to get it passed into law. A young Winston Churchill promoted it for a time,[7] and the idea was examined again by a parliamentary select committee in 1909 but again nothing was done. The outbreak of the First World War made the issue more important primarily because of the need to save coal. Germany had already introduced the scheme when the bill was finally passed in Britain on 17 May 1916 and the clocks were advanced by an hour on the following Sunday, 21 May, enacted as a wartime production-boosting device under the Defence of the Realm Act. It was subsequently adopted in many other countries.

William Willett did not live to see daylight saving become law, as he died of influenza in 1915 at the age of 58. He is commemorated in Petts Wood by a memorial sundial, set permanently to daylight saving time. The Daylight Inn in Petts Wood is named in his honour as is the road Willett Way. His house in Chislehurst is marked with a blue plaque. He is buried in St Nicholas' Churchyard, Chislehurst, although a memorial to his family stands in the churchyard at St Wulfran's Church, Ovingdean, in Brighton and Hove.[8]

Freemason

[edit]

Willett was initiated into Camden Place Lodge on 1 November 1906.[9]

Family

[edit]

William Willett married twice, firstly in 1879 to Maria Mills (died 1905), with whom he had seven children; secondly in 1910 to Florence Strickland, with whom he had one daughter.[10][11][12]

Willett was the grandfather of John Willett, translator of Bertolt Brecht, and is a great-great-grandfather of Coldplay singer Chris Martin.[13][14][15][16]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Willett.
  1. ^ David Prout (1989). "Willett built". Victorian Society Annual: 21–46.
  2. ^ B.L. Ullman (March 1918). "Daylight saving in ancient Rome". The Classical Journal. 13 (6): 450–451. JSTOR 3288163.
  3. ^ Benjamin Franklin, writing anonymously (26 April 1784). "Aux auteurs du Journal". Journal de Paris (in French) (117). The revised English version is commonly called "An Economical Project".
  4. ^ "Institute of British Geographers Publication". New Zealand Geographer. 4 (1): 104. 1948. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x.
  5. ^ William Willett (July 1907). "The waste of daylight". 1st edition. | William Willett (March 1914). "The waste of daylight" (PDF). 19th edition. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007.
  6. ^ Rose Wild "The battle for British Summer Time", The Times, 6 May 2010
  7. ^ Winston S. Churchill (28 April 1934). "A silent toast to William Willett". Pictorial Weekly.
  8. ^ Dale, Antony (1989) [1989]. Brighton Churches. London: Routledge. p. 207. ISBN 0-415-00863-8.
  9. ^ "William Willett, Builder, Summer Time Enthusiast & Freemason". pettswoodlodge.org.uk. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  10. ^ Who Do You Think You Are Magazine, 6 Jun. 2017, Changing Times, p. 67
  11. ^ A History of Time: A Chronicle of Calendars, Clocks and Time Zones, Paul R. Wonning, Barnes & Noble Press, 2018, p. 79
  12. ^ Girton College Register: 1869-1946, Girton College, University of Cambridge, 1948, p. 260
  13. ^ Dekel, Jon (9 March 2014). "Daylight Saving Time's Coldplay connection". Canada.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  14. ^ MacPhail, Cameron (26 March 2022). "British Summer Time 2022: How Chris Martin's great-great-grandfather ensured our clocks go forward". The Telegraph.
  15. ^ "Pioneer of British Summer Time to be recognised". ActonW3.com. 1 March 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  16. ^ Lord Tanlaw (24 March 2006). "Lighter Evenings (Experiment) Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 679. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Lords. col. 461. Is the Minister aware also that in 1909, William Willett, who was the great-great grandfather of the popular singer Chris Martin of Coldplay, drafted Bills for Parliament's acceptance proposing daylight saving in this country as a means of conserving energy?

Further reading

[edit]
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