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Roman Catholic Diocese of Reval: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 59°26′N 24°45′E / 59.433°N 24.750°E / 59.433; 24.750
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{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Livonia}}
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{{Rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2008}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2022}}


The '''Bishopric of Reval''' was a [[Latin Church]] ecclesiastical territory or [[diocese]] of the [[Catholic Church]] in [[Reval]], [[Danish Estonia#Duchy of Estonia|Duchy of Estonia]] (Reval was the name of [[Tallinn]] until 1918 and it remains for the German-speaking peoples) created by [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] in 1240. Contradictory to [[canon law]], Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the [[bishop]]s of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the [[episcopal see|see]] of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to [[Teutonic Order]] in 1346.<ref>Skyum-Nielsen pp. 113-115</ref>
The '''Bishopric of Reval''' ([[Low German]]: ''Bisdom Reval''; {{lang-la|Episcopatus Revaliensis}}) was a [[Diocese|bishopric]] in [[Danish Estonia]], [[1219]] - [[1346]], and in the [[Livonian Confederation]], [[1346]] - [[1560]]; the [[Independence|independent]] [[Diocese|bishopric]] since [[June 29]], [[1560]] until [[June 6]], [[1561]].<ref>[http://wapedia.mobi/pt/Bispado_de_Reval Bispado de Reval]</ref><ref>[http://74.125.77.132/search?q=cache:lxESXvqvkFAJ:lingua.id.lv/LatinPages/Societas.Jesu.Residentia.Rigensis.I.pdf+%22Episcopatus+Revaliensis%22&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk LATVIJAS VESTURES AVOTI]</ref>


Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the [[Diocese of Lund|Archbishop of Lund]] after which it was transferred to the [[Archbishopric of Riga]].<ref name="TEH">{{cite book |title=A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry |last=Woodward |first=John |year=1894 |publisher=W. & A.K. Johnston |chapter=Reval (Bishopric) |page=316 |url=https://archive.org/details/ATreatiseOnEcclesiasticalHeraldry}}</ref>
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== Bishops ==

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=== Kingdom of Denmark ===
The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the [[Livonian Confederation]].<ref name="TEH"/> The last titular bishop of the see was [[Magnus, Duke of Holstein]] younger brother of [[Frederick II of Denmark]] who had bought [[Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek]] on the eve of the [[Livonian War]]. Magnus landed on Ösel ([[Saaremaa]]) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the [[Toompea Castle]] in Reval was prevented by [[Gotthard Kettler]], the master of [[Livonian Order]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523-1611 |last=Roberts |first=Michael |year=1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=0-521-31182-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x243AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164}}</ref> In 1561 [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] took control over Reval<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520-1559 |last=Elton |first=Geoffrey Rudolph |year=1990 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-34536-7 |page=621 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9QSQv6VimgC&pg=PA621 }}</ref> and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of [[Swedish Estonia]].

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==Bishops==
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{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2008}}

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===Kingdom of Denmark===
{{main|Danish Estonia|Kingdom of Denmark}}
{{main|Danish Estonia|Kingdom of Denmark}}
* Wesselin (1219-1227)
* Wesselin (1219–1227)
* Thorkill (1238/40-1260)
* Thorkill (1238/40-1260)
* Thrugot (1260/63-1279)
* Thrugot (1260/63-1279)
* Johannes (1280-1294)
* Johannes (1280–1294)
* Heinrich, OFM (1298-1318)
* Heinrich, OFM (1298–1318)
* Olav von Roskilde, OFM (1323-1350)
* Olav von Roskilde, OFM (1323–1350)


===Ordensstaat===
=== Livonian Brothers of the Sword ===
{{main|Livonian Brothers of the Sword}}
{{see also|Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights}}
* Ludwig von Münster alias Ludovicus de Monasterio (1352-1389)
* Ludwig von Münster alias Ludovicus de Monasterio (1352–1389)
* Johannes Rekeling (1390-1403)
* Johannes Rekeling (1390–1403)
* [[Dietrich Theodor Tolke]] (1403-1405)
* [[Dietrich Theodor Tolke]] (1403–1405)
* Johannes von Aken-Achmann (Ochmann) (1405-1418)
* Johannes von Aken-Achmann (Ochmann) (1405–1418)
* [[Arnold Stoltevoet]] (1418-1419)
* [[Arnold Stoltevoet]] (1418–1419)
* Heinrich Uexküll (1419-1456)
* Heinrich Uexküll (1419–1456)
* Everhard Kalle (Call) (1457-1475)
* Everhard Kalle (Call) (1457–1475)
* [[Iwan Stoltevoet]] (1475-1477)
* [[Iwan Stoltevoet]] (1475–1477)
* Simon von der Borch (1477-1492)
* Simon von der Borch (1477–1492)
* Nikolaus Roddendorp (1493-1509)
* Nikolaus Roddendorp (1493–1509)
* Gottschalk Hagen (1509-1513)
* Gottschalk Hagen (1509–1513)
* Christian Czernekow (1513-1514)
* Christian Czernekow (1513–1514)
* [[Johannes Blankenfeld]] (1514-1524) (also the ''[[Bishopric of Dorpat|Bischof von Dorpat]]'' and ''[[Archbishopric of Riga|Erzbischof von Riga]]'')
* [[Johannes Blankenfeld]] (1514–1524) (also the ''[[Bishopric of Dorpat|Bischof von Dorpat]]'' and ''[[Archbishopric of Riga|Erzbischof von Riga]]'')
* Georg von Tiesenhausen (1525-1530)
* Georg von Tiesenhausen (1525–1530)
* Johannes Roterd (1531-1536)
* Johannes Roterd (1531–1536)
* Arnold Annebat (1536-1551)
* Arnold Annebat (1536–1551)
* Friedrich von Ampten (1551-1557)
* Friedrich von Ampten (1551–1557)
* Moritz (Mauritius) von Wrangel (1558-1560)
* Moritz (Mauritius) von Wrangel (1558–1560)

=== Independent ===
* [[Magnus of Livonia|Magnus]] (1560-1561)

=== Principality of Estonia ===
* [[Magnus of Livonia|Magnus]] (1561-1578)


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek]]
*[[Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek]]
*[[Livonian Order]]
*[[Livonian Order]]
*[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tallinn]]

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==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book |title=Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus |last=Skyum-Nielsen |first=Niels |year=1981 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=87-88073-30-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUFCkqua7dUC }}


{{coord|59|26|N|24|45|E|source:kolossus-ptwiki|display=title}}
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Reval, Bishopric of}}
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[[Category:Baltic region]]
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[[Category:History of Livonia]]
[[Category:Livonia]]
[[Category:Tallinn]]


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Reval, Bishopric Of}}
[[de:Bistum Reval]]
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[[Category:History of the Baltic states]]
[[et:Tallinna piiskopkond]]
[[Category:1240 establishments in Europe]]
[[pt:Bispado de Reval]]
[[Category:Pre-Reformation dioceses in Nordic Europe|Reval]]
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[[Category:History of Tallinn]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Estonia]]

Latest revision as of 18:17, 27 September 2024

The Bishopric of Reval was a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Reval, Duchy of Estonia (Reval was the name of Tallinn until 1918 and it remains for the German-speaking peoples) created by Valdemar II of Denmark in 1240. Contradictory to canon law, Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to Teutonic Order in 1346.[1]

Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the Archbishop of Lund after which it was transferred to the Archbishopric of Riga.[2]

The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the Protestant Reformation in the Livonian Confederation.[2] The last titular bishop of the see was Magnus, Duke of Holstein younger brother of Frederick II of Denmark who had bought Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek on the eve of the Livonian War. Magnus landed on Ösel (Saaremaa) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the Toompea Castle in Reval was prevented by Gotthard Kettler, the master of Livonian Order.[3] In 1561 Eric XIV of Sweden took control over Reval[4] and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of Swedish Estonia.

Bishops

[edit]

Kingdom of Denmark

[edit]
Main articles: Danish Estonia and Kingdom of Denmark
  • Wesselin (1219–1227)
  • Thorkill (1238/40-1260)
  • Thrugot (1260/63-1279)
  • Johannes (1280–1294)
  • Heinrich, OFM (1298–1318)
  • Olav von Roskilde, OFM (1323–1350)

Ordensstaat

[edit]
See also: Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
  • Ludwig von Münster alias Ludovicus de Monasterio (1352–1389)
  • Johannes Rekeling (1390–1403)
  • Dietrich Theodor Tolke (1403–1405)
  • Johannes von Aken-Achmann (Ochmann) (1405–1418)
  • Arnold Stoltevoet (1418–1419)
  • Heinrich Uexküll (1419–1456)
  • Everhard Kalle (Call) (1457–1475)
  • Iwan Stoltevoet (1475–1477)
  • Simon von der Borch (1477–1492)
  • Nikolaus Roddendorp (1493–1509)
  • Gottschalk Hagen (1509–1513)
  • Christian Czernekow (1513–1514)
  • Johannes Blankenfeld (1514–1524) (also the Bischof von Dorpat and Erzbischof von Riga)
  • Georg von Tiesenhausen (1525–1530)
  • Johannes Roterd (1531–1536)
  • Arnold Annebat (1536–1551)
  • Friedrich von Ampten (1551–1557)
  • Moritz (Mauritius) von Wrangel (1558–1560)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Skyum-Nielsen pp. 113-115
  2. ^ a b Woodward, John (1894). "Reval (Bishopric)". A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry. W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 316.
  3. ^ Roberts, Michael (1986). The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523-1611. CUP Archive. ISBN 0-521-31182-9.
  4. ^ Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1990). The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520-1559. Cambridge University Press. p. 621. ISBN 0-521-34536-7.

59°26′N 24°45′E / 59.433°N 24.750°E / 59.433; 24.750

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