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'''Miljenko Hrkać''' (2 October 1947 – 11 January 1978) was a Croatian man sentenced to death by a Yugoslav court which accused him of bombing the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar" on 13 July 1968, which left one person dead and 89 others maimed or injured. He was also convicted of an attack on the Belgrade rail station on 25 September 1968, which left 13 people injured. He was executed on 11 January 1978.
{{Inline|date=September 2016}}

'''Miljenko Hrkać''' (2 October 1947 – 11 January 1978) was a Croatian terrorist sentenced to death by the Yugoslav court accused for the bombings of the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar" on 13 July 1968, which left one person dead and 89 others maimed or injured. He was also accused and convicted of an attack on the Belgrade rail station on 25 September 1968, which left 13 people injured. He was executed on 11 January 1978.


==Origin and early life==
==Origin and early life==
An ethnic [[Croats|Croat]], Hrkać was born in [[Mokro, Široki Brijeg]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pecat.co.rs/2010/01/hrvatska-cirilica-iz-sirokog-brijega/|title=Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega|website=Печат - Лист слободне Србије|language=sr-RS|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref>
An ethnic [[Croats|Croat]], Hrkać was born in [[Mokro, Široki Brijeg]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pecat.co.rs/2010/01/hrvatska-cirilica-iz-sirokog-brijega/|title=Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega|website=Печат - Лист слободне Србије|date=7 January 2010|language=sr-RS|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref><ref name="Service">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LGLYG_ou4kC&q=belgrade+railway+bomb|title=Summary of the Yugoslav Press|last=Service|first=Joint Translation|date=1969-05-09|language=en}}</ref> There are conflicting reports of his trade, some sources identifying Hrkać as a carpenter,<ref name="Pakao u bioskopu 20. oktobar">{{Cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:579339-Pakao-u-bioskopu-20-oktobar|title=Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"|website=www.novosti.rs|language=sr-Latn|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> others as a mason,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41911349.html|title=JUGOSLAWIEN: So schnell|date=1973-10-01|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=2019-10-08|volume=40}}</ref> while some sources simply identify him as a "worker".<ref name=":2" />

Hrkać may have had a daughter named Milijenka Hrkać.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eosmrtnice.ba/osmrtnica/miljenko-hrkac/|title=eOsmrtnice.ba - Miljenko () Hrkać (11.1.1978. - 11.1.2019.) Široki Brijeg -|website=eosmrtnice.ba|date=11 January 2019 |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> As of now, no report of a wife or a mother of the daughter is available.


==Belgrade cinema bombing==
==Belgrade cinema bombing==
On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 [[Central European Time|CET]], a bomb detonated in the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 89 others injured, some seriously. The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie ''[[The Upper Hand (film)|Du rififi à Paname]]''.
On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 [[Central European Time|CET]], a bomb detonated in the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 76-89 others injured, some seriously, including Magdalena Novaković, a young schoolgirl who lost both legs as a result of the bombing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://foto.mij.rs/site/gallery/11550/photo/48|title=MIJ|website=foto.mij.rs|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laguna.rs/laguna-bukmarker-zlocin-i-kazna-u-noci-arhangela-unos-6710.html|title=Zločin i kazna u "Noći arhangela" {{!}} Laguna|website=www.laguna.rs|language=sr|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie ''[[The Upper Hand (film)|Du rififi à Paname]]''.<ref name="Yugoslav News Bulletin">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXaAW2ugd4MC&q=20+oktobar+bombing&pg=PA83|title=Yugoslav News Bulletin|date=1985|publisher=Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center|language=en}}</ref>


==Belgrade rail station bombing==
==Belgrade rail station bombing==
On 25 September 1968, three explosives were detonated in the Belgrade rail station [[garderobe]], leaving 13 people injured.{{cn|date=September 2016}}
On 25 September 1968, three explosives were detonated in the Belgrade rail station [[garderobe]], leaving 9-13 people injured.<ref name="Yugoslav News Bulletin"/><ref name="Service"/>


==Capture and death sentence==
==Capture and death sentence==
Hrkać was tried for the bombings of the cinema and at the rail station and sentenced to death by the Belgrade District Court on 23 December 1975. The verdict was confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of Serbia]] on 29 June 1976 and by the Federal Court on 30 December 1976. On 15 November 1977, the Clemency Commission of the Presidency of Yugoslavia unanimously rejected the request for clemency. Hrkać was executed by shooting on 11 January 1978 in the Belgrade prison.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.smrtnakazna.rs/sr-latn-rs/Osudjenik.aspx?id=6355 | title=Miljenko Hrkać | publisher=SPSK | accessdate=26 August 2019}}</ref> Hrkać had maintained his innocence for both of the bombings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vecernji.ba/miljenko-hrkac-prije-smrti-samo-zelio-vidjeti-obitelj-158673|title=Miljenko Hrkać prije smrti samo želio vidjeti obitelj|website=www.vecernji.ba|language=hr|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref>
Hrkać was tried for the bombings of the cinema and at the rail station and sentenced to death by the Belgrade District Court on 23 December 1975. The verdict was confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of Serbia]] on 29 June 1976 and by the Federal Court on 30 December 1976. On 15 November 1977, the Clemency Commission of the Presidency of Yugoslavia unanimously rejected the request for clemency. Hrkać was executed by shooting on 11 January 1978 in the Belgrade prison.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.smrtnakazna.rs/sr-latn-rs/Osudjenik.aspx?id=6355 | title=Miljenko Hrkać | publisher=SPSK | accessdate=26 August 2019}}</ref> Hrkać had maintained his innocence for both of the bombings,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vecernji.ba/miljenko-hrkac-prije-smrti-samo-zelio-vidjeti-obitelj-158673|title=Miljenko Hrkać prije smrti samo želio vidjeti obitelj|website=www.vecernji.ba|language=hr|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> and over the years, it has been suggested that he may have been wrongfully executed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/bombu-u-beogradu-nije-postavio-miljenko-hrkac-158290|title=Bombu u Beogradu nije postavio Miljenko Hrkać|website=www.vecernji.hr|language=hr|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref><ref name="Pakao u bioskopu 20. oktobar"/>

However, [[Amnesty International]] has recognized a theory that suggests Hrkać died of natural causes before the death sentence could be carried out, citing that, "Before his death, it is reported that his weight was half what it had been before he went to prison, that he had lost all his hair and had developed some symptoms of psychological disorder."<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011978ENGLISH.PDF|title=Amnesty International Report 1978|last=International|first=Amnesty|publisher=Amnesty International Publications|year=1979|isbn=0-900058-81-1|location=Bath, England|pages=247, 248}}</ref>


==References==
==References==


*{{cite news|title=Novi detalji najvećeg terorističkog napada|publisher=Press Online|url=http://www.pressonline.rs/zabava/life-style/73840/novi-detalji-najveceg-teroristickog-napada.html}}
*{{cite news|title=Novi detalji najvećeg terorističkog napada|publisher=Press Online|url=http://www.pressonline.rs/zabava/life-style/73840/novi-detalji-najveceg-teroristickog-napada.html}}
*{{cite news|title=Miljenko Hrkać|publisher=smrtna kazna|url=http://www.smrtnakazna.rs/DesktopModules/ModulPrikazOsudjenika/FajloviOsudjenika/Miljenko%2520Hrka%25C4%2587.pdf}}
*{{cite news|author=Miroslav Zarić|date=11 May 2004|title=Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"|publisher=Novosti|url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:276548-Pakao-u-bioskopu-20-oktobar}}
*{{cite news|author=Miroslav Zarić|date=11 May 2004|title=Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"|publisher=Novosti|url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:276548-Pakao-u-bioskopu-20-oktobar}}

<references />


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrkac, Miljenko}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrkac, Miljenko}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Croatian fascists]]
[[Category:Croatian neo-fascists]]
[[Category:Croatian nationalists]]
[[Category:Croatian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:People executed by Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Croatian nationalist terrorism]]
[[Category:Yugoslav fascists]]
[[Category:People executed by Yugoslavia by firing squad]]
[[Category:Executed Bosnia and Herzegovina people]]
[[Category:Executed Bosnia and Herzegovina people]]
[[Category:Executed Croatian people]]
[[Category:Executed Yugoslav people]]
[[Category:People from Konjic]]
[[Category:People from Konjic]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Serbia]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Serbia]]
[[Category:Executed Croatian people]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by Yugoslavia]]
<references />
[[Category:Wrongful executions]]
[[Category:People executed for murder]]
[[Category:Wrongful convictions]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 28 September 2024

Miljenko Hrkać (2 October 1947 – 11 January 1978) was a Croatian man sentenced to death by a Yugoslav court which accused him of bombing the Belgrade cinema "20. oktobar" on 13 July 1968, which left one person dead and 89 others maimed or injured. He was also convicted of an attack on the Belgrade rail station on 25 September 1968, which left 13 people injured. He was executed on 11 January 1978.

Origin and early life

[edit]

An ethnic Croat, Hrkać was born in Mokro, Široki Brijeg, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1947.[1][2] There are conflicting reports of his trade, some sources identifying Hrkać as a carpenter,[3] others as a mason,[4] while some sources simply identify him as a "worker".[5]

Hrkać may have had a daughter named Milijenka Hrkać.[6] As of now, no report of a wife or a mother of the daughter is available.

Belgrade cinema bombing

[edit]

On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 CET, a bomb detonated in the Belgrade cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 76-89 others injured, some seriously, including Magdalena Novaković, a young schoolgirl who lost both legs as a result of the bombing.[7][8] The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie Du rififi à Paname.[9]

Belgrade rail station bombing

[edit]

On 25 September 1968, three explosives were detonated in the Belgrade rail station garderobe, leaving 9-13 people injured.[9][2]

Capture and death sentence

[edit]

Hrkać was tried for the bombings of the cinema and at the rail station and sentenced to death by the Belgrade District Court on 23 December 1975. The verdict was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Serbia on 29 June 1976 and by the Federal Court on 30 December 1976. On 15 November 1977, the Clemency Commission of the Presidency of Yugoslavia unanimously rejected the request for clemency. Hrkać was executed by shooting on 11 January 1978 in the Belgrade prison.[10] Hrkać had maintained his innocence for both of the bombings,[11] and over the years, it has been suggested that he may have been wrongfully executed.[12][3]

However, Amnesty International has recognized a theory that suggests Hrkać died of natural causes before the death sentence could be carried out, citing that, "Before his death, it is reported that his weight was half what it had been before he went to prison, that he had lost all his hair and had developed some symptoms of psychological disorder."[5]

References

[edit]
  • "Novi detalji najvećeg terorističkog napada". Press Online.
  • Miroslav Zarić (11 May 2004). "Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"". Novosti.
  1. ^ "Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega". Печат - Лист слободне Србије (in Serbian). 7 January 2010. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  2. ^ a b Service, Joint Translation (1969-05-09). Summary of the Yugoslav Press.
  3. ^ a b "Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"". www.novosti.rs (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  4. ^ "JUGOSLAWIEN: So schnell". Spiegel Online. Vol. 40. 1973-10-01. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  5. ^ a b International, Amnesty (1979). Amnesty International Report 1978 (PDF). Bath, England: Amnesty International Publications. pp. 247, 248. ISBN 0-900058-81-1.
  6. ^ "eOsmrtnice.ba - Miljenko () Hrkać (11.1.1978. - 11.1.2019.) Široki Brijeg -". eosmrtnice.ba. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  7. ^ "MIJ". foto.mij.rs. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  8. ^ "Zločin i kazna u "Noći arhangela" | Laguna". www.laguna.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  9. ^ a b Yugoslav News Bulletin. Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center. 1985.
  10. ^ "Miljenko Hrkać". SPSK. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Miljenko Hrkać prije smrti samo želio vidjeti obitelj". www.vecernji.ba (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  12. ^ "Bombu u Beogradu nije postavio Miljenko Hrkać". www.vecernji.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-10-07.