Jump to content

Ross Lake (Washington): Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 48°43′54″N 121°04′02″W / 48.73167°N 121.06722°W / 48.73167; -121.06722
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Replaced main photo which incorrectly showed Diablo Lake with one of Ross Lake
rv unsourced change
 
(16 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Refimprove|date=April 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2014}}
{{short description|Man-made reservoir in Washington state, United States and British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Infobox lake
{{Infobox body of water
|name = Ross Lake
|name = Ross Lake
|image = Ross Lake.jpg|thumb|Ross Lake
|image = Ross Lake.jpg
|caption = Ross Lake, 2012
|caption = Ross Lake, 2017
|image_bathymetry =
|image_bathymetry =
|caption_bathymetry =
|caption_bathymetry =
|location = [[Ross Lake National Recreation Area]], [[Whatcom County, Washington|Whatcom County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[United States]];<br>[[Skagit Valley Provincial Park]], [[British Columbia|British Columbia, Canada]]
|location = [[Ross Lake National Recreation Area]], [[Whatcom County, Washington|Whatcom County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[United States]];<br/>[[Skagit Valley Provincial Park]], [[British Columbia|British Columbia, Canada]]
|coords = {{coord|48|43|54|N|121|04|02|W|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
|coords = {{coord|48|43|54|N|121|04|02|W|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
|lake_type = [[reservoir]]
|lake_type = [[reservoir]]
Line 24: Line 25:
|islands =Cat Island, Tenmile Island, Little Jerusalem Island, Cougar Island
|islands =Cat Island, Tenmile Island, Little Jerusalem Island, Cougar Island
|cities = ''none''
|cities = ''none''
<!-- Map -->
| pushpin_map = Washington#British Columbia#North America
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
| pushpin_map_caption =
<!-- Below -->
| website =
| reference =
}}
}}


'''Ross Lake''' is a large [[reservoir]] in the [[North Cascades|North Cascade]] mountains of northern [[Washington (state)|Washington]] state, [[United States]], and southwestern [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]. The [[lake]] runs approximately north-south, is 23 miles (37&nbsp;km) long, up to 1.5 miles (2.5&nbsp;km) wide, and the full reservoir elevation is 1,604 feet above sea level (489 m).
'''Ross Lake''' is a large [[reservoir]] in the [[North Cascades|North Cascade]] mountains of northern [[Washington (state)|Washington]] state, [[United States]], and southwestern [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]. The [[lake]] runs approximately north–south, is 23 miles (37&nbsp;km) long, up to 1.5 miles (2.5&nbsp;km) wide, and the full reservoir elevation is 1,604 feet above sea level (489 m).


The U.S. portion of Ross Lake is in the [[Ross Lake National Recreation Area]]. [[North Cascades National Park]] is adjacent to the west and south, while the [[Pasayten Wilderness]] is east of the lake. In British Columbia the lake is a part of [[Skagit Valley Provincial Park]], and [[E. C. Manning Provincial Park|Manning Provincial Park]] is nearby to the east.
The U.S. portion of Ross Lake is in the [[Ross Lake National Recreation Area]]. [[North Cascades National Park]] is adjacent to the west and south, while the [[Pasayten Wilderness]] is east of the lake. In British Columbia the lake is a part of [[Skagit Valley Provincial Park]], and [[E. C. Manning Provincial Park|Manning Provincial Park]] is nearby to the east.


==Hydrology==
==Hydrology==
[[File:Ross Lake from Desolation Peak in 2017.jpg|thumb|Ross Lake from Desolation Peak in 2017]]
Ross Lake is formed by the impoundment of the [[Skagit River]] by [[Ross Dam]], which is operated by [[Seattle City Light]] for [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] generation serving [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], and surrounding areas. After leaving Ross Lake, the Skagit River flows through two more reservoirs before running to [[Puget Sound]].
Ross Lake is formed by the impoundment of the [[Skagit River]] by [[Ross Dam]], which is operated by [[Seattle City Light]] for [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] generation serving [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], and surrounding areas. After leaving Ross Lake, the Skagit River flows through two more reservoirs before running to [[Puget Sound]].
[[Image:Ross Lake-Mt Hozomeen.jpg|thumb|left|Looking north up Ross Lake, with [[Hozomeen Mountain]] in the left-background and Desolation Peak in the center-background]]
[[Image:Ross Lake-Mt Hozomeen.jpg|thumb|left|Looking north up Ross Lake, with [[Hozomeen Mountain]] in the left-background and Desolation Peak in the center-background]]
Line 37: Line 47:
==History==
==History==
[[Image:Ross Dam USACE 20031022.jpg|thumb|right|Ross Dam, forming Ross Lake]]
[[Image:Ross Dam USACE 20031022.jpg|thumb|right|Ross Dam, forming Ross Lake]]
Ross Dam, originally called Ruby Dam, was built in three stages between 1937 and 1949, and currently stands 540 feet (160 m) tall. A fourth stage of construction was planned for the [[dam]]; however, in 1984 Seattle City Light made an electricity-purchasing agreement with British Columbia which delayed any further expansion of the Ross Lake Dam for 80 years. The lake and dam are named after James D. Ross, the superintendent of the Seattle City Light’s [[Skagit River Hydroelectric Project]], which built the dam.
Ross Dam, originally called Ruby Dam, was built in three stages between 1937 and 1949, and currently stands 540 feet (160 m) tall. A fourth stage of construction was planned for the [[dam]]; however, in 1984 Seattle City Light made an electricity-purchasing agreement with British Columbia which delayed any further expansion of the Ross Lake Dam for 80 years. The lake and dam are named after [[James Delmage Ross|James D. Ross]], the superintendent of the Seattle City Light's [[Skagit River Hydroelectric Project]], which built the dam.


==Recreation==
==Recreation==
Ross Lake is a major recreation destination within the North Cascades, attracting visitors with a multitude of [[fishing]], [[canoe]]ing, [[Sea kayak|kayaking]], and [[hiking]] opportunities. The [[trout]] fishing, in particular, is well-renowned. Ross Lake is not home to anadromous fish such as [[salmon]] or [[steelhead trout]] as natural barriers in the river prevented these fish from traveling upstream on the Skagit River any further than a few miles past the Gorge Powerhouse.
Ross Lake is a major recreation destination within the North Cascades, attracting visitors with a multitude of [[fishing]], [[canoe]]ing, [[Sea kayak|kayaking]], and [[hiking]] opportunities. The [[trout]] fishing, in particular, is well-renowned. Ross Dam, as well as Gorge and Diablo dams downstream, are barriers preventing salmon from travelling between Ross Lake and the Pacific Ocean; thus, Ross Lake has no anadromous fish.
Camping is allowed at a number of boat-in and hike-in campsites around the lake. Backcountry camping permits (free, first-come, first-served) are required, and may be obtained from the [[National Park Service]] in [[Marblemount, Washington|Marblemount]].
Camping is allowed at a number of boat-in and hike-in campsites around the lake. Backcountry camping permits (free, first-come, first-served) are required, and may be obtained from the [[National Park Service]] in [[Marblemount, Washington|Marblemount]].


The lake is also home to a floating resort called the Ross Lake Resort. Made up of several dozen cabins and bunkhouses, it is situated approximately a quarter mile from the dam and rests entirely on log booms. During the winter, when lake levels shrink, the resort detaches from its shore moorings and relocates to the center of the lake. This is due to lower water levels caused by annual drawdowns of the lake for flood control of the Skagit River.
The lake is also home to a floating resort called the Ross Lake Resort. Made up of a dozen cabins and 3 bunkhouses, it is situated approximately a quarter mile from the dam and rests entirely on log booms. During the winter, when lake levels shrink, the resort detaches from its shore moorings and relocates to the center of the lake. This is due to lower water levels caused by annual drawdowns of the lake for flood control of the Skagit River.


A road from the Canadian side of the lake ends just inside the US. Travelers do not have to report to an official Port of Entry (as required at the nearby [[Pacific Crest Trail]] crossing), as they must reenter Canada to leave.<ref name="clui">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/section/united-divide-a-linear-portrait-usacanada-border-5 |title=Chapter 6: Washington State |website=United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border |publisher=The Center for Land Use Interpretation |publication-date=Winter 2015}}</ref>
A road from the Canadian side of the lake ends just inside the US. Travelers do not have to report to an official Port of Entry (as required at the nearby [[Pacific Crest Trail]] crossing), as they must reenter Canada to leave.<ref name="clui">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/section/united-divide-a-linear-portrait-usacanada-border-5 |title=Chapter 6: Washington State |website=United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border |publisher=The Center for Land Use Interpretation |publication-date=Winter 2015}}</ref>

==Climate==
Ross Lake has a [[mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csb'').
{{Weather box|width=65%
|collapsed = Y
|location = Ross Lake, Washington (Ross Dam), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
|single line = Y

|Jan record high F = 57
|Feb record high F = 61
|Mar record high F = 71
|Apr record high F = 83
|May record high F = 97
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 86
|Nov record high F = 64
|Dec record high F = 57
|year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 47.1
|Feb avg record high F = 50.3
|Mar avg record high F = 61.1
|Apr avg record high F = 72.8
|May avg record high F = 84.0
|Jun avg record high F = 88.6
|Jul avg record high F = 95.2
|Aug avg record high F = 94.3
|Sep avg record high F = 86.5
|Oct avg record high F = 70.8
|Nov avg record high F = 53.7
|Dec avg record high F = 47.0
|year avg record high F = 97.0

|Jan high F = 37.5
|Feb high F = 41.3
|Mar high F = 47.3
|Apr high F = 55.7
|May high F = 65.1
|Jun high F = 69.9
|Jul high F = 78.6
|Aug high F = 79.0
|Sep high F = 70.4
|Oct high F = 56.0
|Nov high F = 43.7
|Dec high F = 37.6
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 33.8
|Feb mean F = 35.9
|Mar mean F = 40.2
|Apr mean F = 46.8
|May mean F = 54.9
|Jun mean F = 59.9
|Jul mean F = 66.8
|Aug mean F = 67.4
|Sep mean F = 60.4
|Oct mean F = 49.2
|Nov mean F = 39.5
|Dec mean F = 34.0
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 30.0
|Feb low F = 30.5
|Mar low F = 33.2
|Apr low F = 37.9
|May low F = 44.8
|Jun low F = 49.9
|Jul low F = 55.1
|Aug low F = 55.8
|Sep low F = 50.4
|Oct low F = 42.5
|Nov low F = 35.3
|Dec low F = 30.5
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 18.0
|Feb avg record low F = 21.5
|Mar avg record low F = 25.5
|Apr avg record low F = 31.2
|May avg record low F = 36.4
|Jun avg record low F = 43.0
|Jul avg record low F = 48.1
|Aug avg record low F = 48.9
|Sep avg record low F = 42.9
|Oct avg record low F = 33.4
|Nov avg record low F = 24.9
|Dec avg record low F = 19.4
|year avg record low F = 10.9

|Jan record low F = -1
|Feb record low F = 5
|Mar record low F = 10
|Apr record low F = 27
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 36
|Jul record low F = 37
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 34
|Oct record low F = 16
|Nov record low F = 7
|Dec record low F = -1

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 9.72
|Feb precipitation inch = 5.98
|Mar precipitation inch = 6.37
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.23
|May precipitation inch = 2.06
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.68
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.99
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.21
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.50
|Oct precipitation inch = 6.72
|Nov precipitation inch = 11.07
|Dec precipitation inch = 9.23
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 18.6
|Feb precipitation days = 15.3
|Mar precipitation days = 18.1
|Apr precipitation days = 14.5
|May precipitation days = 11.8
|Jun precipitation days = 11.3
|Jul precipitation days = 6.3
|Aug precipitation days = 5.7
|Sep precipitation days = 10.5
|Oct precipitation days = 16.4
|Nov precipitation days = 20.4
|Dec precipitation days = 18.8

|Jan snow inch = 17.2
|Feb snow inch = 11.9
|Mar snow inch = 7.8
|Apr snow inch = 0.3
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 5.8
|Dec snow inch = 23.7
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.7
|Feb snow days = 3.4
|Mar snow days = 3.1
|Apr snow days = 0.3
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 1.9
|Dec snow days = 6.6
|year snow days = 20.0

|Jan snow depth inch = 12.5
|Feb snow depth inch = 10.0
|Mar snow depth inch = 6.9
|Apr snow depth inch = 0.2
|May snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.0
|Nov snow depth inch = 2.9
|Dec snow depth inch = 11.8
|year snow depth inch = 18.3

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00457185&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Ross Dam, WA
|access-date = December 29, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Seattle
|access-date = December 29, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 55: Line 259:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{commonscat|Ross Lake}}
{{commons category|Ross Lake, Washington}}

==External links==
==External links==
*National Park Service website for [http://www.nps.gov/rola/ Ross Lake National Recreation Area]
*National Park Service website for [http://www.nps.gov/rola/ Ross Lake National Recreation Area]
Line 62: Line 267:


{{British Columbia hydrography}}
{{British Columbia hydrography}}


{{authority control}}


[[Category:Canada–United States border]]
[[Category:Canada–United States border]]
Line 73: Line 281:
[[Category:Lakes of Whatcom County, Washington]]
[[Category:Lakes of Whatcom County, Washington]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Whatcom County, Washington]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Whatcom County, Washington]]
[[Category:Reservoirs and dams in National Park Service units]]
[[Category:Reservoirs and dams in National Park Service areas]]

[[de:Ross-Talsperre]]

Latest revision as of 01:39, 28 September 2024

Ross Lake
Ross Lake, 2012
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Ross Lake
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Ross Lake
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Location of Ross Lake on the border of Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada.
Ross Lake
LocationRoss Lake National Recreation Area, Whatcom County, Washington, United States;
Skagit Valley Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada
Coordinates48°43′54″N 121°04′02″W / 48.73167°N 121.06722°W / 48.73167; -121.06722
Lake typereservoir
Basin countriesUnited States, Canada
Max. length23 mi (37 km)
Max. width1.5 mi (2.4 km)
Max. depth540 ft (160 m)
Surface elevation1,604 ft (489 m)
IslandsCat Island, Tenmile Island, Little Jerusalem Island, Cougar Island
Settlementsnone

Ross Lake is a large reservoir in the North Cascade mountains of northern Washington state, United States, and southwestern British Columbia, Canada. The lake runs approximately north–south, is 23 miles (37 km) long, up to 1.5 miles (2.5 km) wide, and the full reservoir elevation is 1,604 feet above sea level (489 m).

The U.S. portion of Ross Lake is in the Ross Lake National Recreation Area. North Cascades National Park is adjacent to the west and south, while the Pasayten Wilderness is east of the lake. In British Columbia the lake is a part of Skagit Valley Provincial Park, and Manning Provincial Park is nearby to the east.

Hydrology

[edit]
Ross Lake from Desolation Peak in 2017

Ross Lake is formed by the impoundment of the Skagit River by Ross Dam, which is operated by Seattle City Light for hydroelectric power generation serving Seattle, Washington, and surrounding areas. After leaving Ross Lake, the Skagit River flows through two more reservoirs before running to Puget Sound.

Looking north up Ross Lake, with Hozomeen Mountain in the left-background and Desolation Peak in the center-background

High peaks surround Ross Lake in all directions, and include Hozomeen Mountain, Ruby Mountain, Desolation Peak, and Jack Mountain, the summit of which is over 7,000 feet above the elevation of the lake. Rivers and creeks flowing into Ross Lake include the upper Skagit River, Hozomeen Creek, Silver Creek, Little Beaver Creek, Arctic Creek, Lightning Creek, Devils Creek, Big Beaver Creek, and Ruby Creek. Most of these creeks originate from glaciers and snowfields high in the North Cascades.

History

[edit]
Ross Dam, forming Ross Lake

Ross Dam, originally called Ruby Dam, was built in three stages between 1937 and 1949, and currently stands 540 feet (160 m) tall. A fourth stage of construction was planned for the dam; however, in 1984 Seattle City Light made an electricity-purchasing agreement with British Columbia which delayed any further expansion of the Ross Lake Dam for 80 years. The lake and dam are named after James D. Ross, the superintendent of the Seattle City Light's Skagit River Hydroelectric Project, which built the dam.

Recreation

[edit]

Ross Lake is a major recreation destination within the North Cascades, attracting visitors with a multitude of fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and hiking opportunities. The trout fishing, in particular, is well-renowned. Ross Dam, as well as Gorge and Diablo dams downstream, are barriers preventing salmon from travelling between Ross Lake and the Pacific Ocean; thus, Ross Lake has no anadromous fish. Camping is allowed at a number of boat-in and hike-in campsites around the lake. Backcountry camping permits (free, first-come, first-served) are required, and may be obtained from the National Park Service in Marblemount.

The lake is also home to a floating resort called the Ross Lake Resort. Made up of a dozen cabins and 3 bunkhouses, it is situated approximately a quarter mile from the dam and rests entirely on log booms. During the winter, when lake levels shrink, the resort detaches from its shore moorings and relocates to the center of the lake. This is due to lower water levels caused by annual drawdowns of the lake for flood control of the Skagit River.

A road from the Canadian side of the lake ends just inside the US. Travelers do not have to report to an official Port of Entry (as required at the nearby Pacific Crest Trail crossing), as they must reenter Canada to leave.[1]

Climate

[edit]

Ross Lake has a mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb).

Climate data for Ross Lake, Washington (Ross Dam), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 57
(14)
61
(16)
71
(22)
83
(28)
97
(36)
108
(42)
103
(39)
102
(39)
98
(37)
86
(30)
64
(18)
57
(14)
108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 47.1
(8.4)
50.3
(10.2)
61.1
(16.2)
72.8
(22.7)
84.0
(28.9)
88.6
(31.4)
95.2
(35.1)
94.3
(34.6)
86.5
(30.3)
70.8
(21.6)
53.7
(12.1)
47.0
(8.3)
97.0
(36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37.5
(3.1)
41.3
(5.2)
47.3
(8.5)
55.7
(13.2)
65.1
(18.4)
69.9
(21.1)
78.6
(25.9)
79.0
(26.1)
70.4
(21.3)
56.0
(13.3)
43.7
(6.5)
37.6
(3.1)
56.8
(13.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 33.8
(1.0)
35.9
(2.2)
40.2
(4.6)
46.8
(8.2)
54.9
(12.7)
59.9
(15.5)
66.8
(19.3)
67.4
(19.7)
60.4
(15.8)
49.2
(9.6)
39.5
(4.2)
34.0
(1.1)
49.1
(9.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 30.0
(−1.1)
30.5
(−0.8)
33.2
(0.7)
37.9
(3.3)
44.8
(7.1)
49.9
(9.9)
55.1
(12.8)
55.8
(13.2)
50.4
(10.2)
42.5
(5.8)
35.3
(1.8)
30.5
(−0.8)
41.3
(5.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 18.0
(−7.8)
21.5
(−5.8)
25.5
(−3.6)
31.2
(−0.4)
36.4
(2.4)
43.0
(6.1)
48.1
(8.9)
48.9
(9.4)
42.9
(6.1)
33.4
(0.8)
24.9
(−3.9)
19.4
(−7.0)
10.9
(−11.7)
Record low °F (°C) −1
(−18)
5
(−15)
10
(−12)
27
(−3)
27
(−3)
36
(2)
37
(3)
40
(4)
34
(1)
16
(−9)
7
(−14)
−1
(−18)
−1
(−18)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 9.72
(247)
5.98
(152)
6.37
(162)
3.23
(82)
2.06
(52)
1.68
(43)
0.99
(25)
1.21
(31)
2.50
(64)
6.72
(171)
11.07
(281)
9.23
(234)
60.76
(1,544)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 17.2
(44)
11.9
(30)
7.8
(20)
0.3
(0.76)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
5.8
(15)
23.7
(60)
66.7
(169.76)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 12.5
(32)
10.0
(25)
6.9
(18)
0.2
(0.51)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
2.9
(7.4)
11.8
(30)
18.3
(46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.6 15.3 18.1 14.5 11.8 11.3 6.3 5.7 10.5 16.4 20.4 18.8 167.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.7 3.4 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.6 20.0
Source 1: NOAA[2]
Source 2: National Weather Service[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Chapter 6: Washington State". United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border. The Center for Land Use Interpretation. Winter 2015.
  2. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Ross Dam, WA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  3. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Seattle". National Weather Service. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
[edit]