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{{short description|Chief Justice of Malta}}
{{short description|Chief Justice of Malta}}
{{Infobox Judge
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
| honorific-prefix =
|name = John J. Cremona
| name = John J. Cremona
|honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
|image = J.J. Cremona.png
| image =
|imagesize =
| imagesize =
|caption =
| caption =
| office = [[Chief Justice of Malta]]

|office = [[Chief Justice of Malta]]
| primeminister = [[Dom Mintoff]]
⚫
| term_start = 1971
|primeminister = [[Dom Mintoff]]
|term_start = 1971
| term_end = 1981
|term_end = 1981
| predecessor = [[Anthony Mamo]]
|predecessor = [[Anthony Mamo]]
| successor = [[Carmelo Schembri]]
⚫
| office2 = Judge of the <br/>[[European Court of Human Rights]]<br/><small>in respect of [[Malta]]</small>
|successor = [[ Carmelo Schembri ]]
| term_start2 = 1965

| term_end2 = 1992
⚫
|office2 = Judge of the <br/>[[European Court of Human Rights]]<br/><small>in respect of [[Malta]]</small>
|term_start2 = 1965
| predecessor2 = ''first judge from Malta''
|term_end2 = 1992
| successor2 = [[Giuseppe Mifsud Bonnici]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1918|1|6|df=y}}
|predecessor2 = ''first judge from Malta''
|successor2 = [[Giuseppe Mifsud Bonnici]]
| birth_place = [[Xagħra]], [[Gozo]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|12|24|1918|1|6|df=y}}

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1918|1|6}}
| nationality = {{MLT}}
⚫
| alma_mater = [[University of Trieste|Trieste]], [[University of Malta|Malta]], [[University of London|London]], [[Sapienza University of Rome|Rome ''Sapienza'']]
|birth_place = [[Xagħra]], [[Gozo]]
⚫
| occupation =
⚫
|death_date = {{death date and age|2020|12|24|1918|1|6}}
|nationality = {{MLT}}
| profession =
⚫
| residence =
⚫
|alma_mater = [[University of Trieste|Trieste]], [[University of Malta|Malta]], [[University of London|London]], [[Sapienza University of Rome|Rome ''Sapienza'']]
|occupation =
| religion =
|profession =
| signature =
|residence =
| website =
|religion =
| footnotes =
⚫
|signature =
⚫
|website =
⚫
|footnotes =
}}
}}


'''John Joseph Cremona''' [[National Order of Merit (Malta)|KOM]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|KM]] (6 January 1918 – 24 December 2020) was a [[Malta|Maltese]] civil servant and judge. He was the Attorney General of Malta during independence talks in 1964 and helped draft the [[Constitution of Malta]]. He served as the [[chief justice of Malta]] from 1971 to 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Chief Justice John J. Cremona turns 101 - TVM News|url=https://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/former-chief-justice-john-j-cremona-turns-101/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=TVM English|language=en-US}}</ref> He assumed the functions of Head of State in an acting capacity several times, both as Governor-General and President.
'''John Joseph Cremona''' [[National Order of Merit (Malta)|KOM]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|KM]] (6 January 1918 – 24 December 2020) was a [[Malta|Maltese]] jurist and poet. He was the Attorney General of Malta during independence talks in 1964 and the author of the [[Constitution of Malta]].<ref>"[https://timesofmalta.com/article/jj-cremona-the-man-who-drafted-maltas-constitution-dies-aged-102.841196 JJ Cremona, the man who drafted Malta's constitution, dies aged 102]". ''Times of Malta''. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2024-09-20.</ref> He served as the [[chief justice of Malta]] from 1971 to 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Chief Justice John J. Cremona turns 101 - TVM News|url=https://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/former-chief-justice-john-j-cremona-turns-101/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=TVM English|date=8 January 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> He assumed the functions of Head of State in an acting capacity several times, both as governor-general and president. He simultaneously served as Malta's first representative judge on the [[European Court of Human Rights]] from 1965 to 1992. Cremona was also a noted poet, writing in Italian, English, and Maltese.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Cremona was born in [[Xagħra]], [[Gozo]] on 6 January 1918. He held four doctorates: a [[Dr. jur.]] from the [[University of Trieste]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2002|title=Cremona, John Joseph|url=http://213.165.169.182/atom2/index.php/cremona-john-joseph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205034500/http://213.165.169.182/atom2/index.php/cremona-john-joseph|archive-date=5 February 2020|website=The National Archives of Malta}}</ref> an [[LL.D]] from the [[University of Malta]], a [[PhD]] in law from the [[University of London]], and a [[DLitt]] from [[Sapienza University of Rome]]. He did research in [[constitutional law]] at the [[London School of Economics]] and the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDhLMDEh454C&pg=PA44&dq=John+Cremona+6th+January+1918&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7ru69rvHtAhU-XRUIHbL6BNkQ6AEwAnoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=John%20Cremona%206th%20January%201918&f=false|title=1965 Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|year=1967|location=The Hague|pages=42-46}}</ref>
Cremona was born in [[Xagħra]], [[Gozo]] on 6 January 1918. He held four doctorates: a [[Dr. jur.]] from the [[University of Trieste]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2002|title=Cremona, John Joseph|url=http://213.165.169.182/atom2/index.php/cremona-john-joseph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205034500/http://213.165.169.182/atom2/index.php/cremona-john-joseph|archive-date=5 February 2020|website=The National Archives of Malta}}</ref> an [[LL.D]] from the [[University of Malta]], a [[PhD]] in law from the [[University of London]], and a [[DLitt]] from [[Sapienza University of Rome]]. He did research in [[constitutional law]] at the [[London School of Economics]] and the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDhLMDEh454C&dq=John+Cremona+6th+January+1918&pg=PA44|title=1965 Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|year=1967|location=The Hague|pages=42–46}}</ref>


== Legal career ==
== Legal career ==
In 1943, Cremona was [[Call to the bar|called to the bar]] in Malta. He was a [[Lecturer]] in the Faculty of Law at the University of Malta from 1948 to 1959, when he was promoted to [[Professor]]. In 1961, he became the Head of the department and a Member of the University Senate. Cremona also served as the Attorney General of Malta from 1957 to 1964, and became the Crown Advocate-General in 1964. In 1965, he was simultaneously appointed to three posts: judge of the Superior Courts of Malta, Vice-President of the [[Court of Appeals (Malta)|Court of Appeals]], and Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Malta.<ref name=":1" /> He served as the [[chief justice of Malta]] from 1971 to 1981.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Former Chief Justices|url=https://judiciary.mt/en/Pages/History/Former-Chief-Justices.aspx|access-date=2020-12-31|website=judiciary.mt|language=en}}</ref>
In 1943, Cremona was [[Call to the bar|called to the bar]] in Malta. He was a [[Lecturer]] in the Faculty of Law at the University of Malta from 1948 to 1959, when he was promoted to [[Professor]]. In 1961, he became the Head of the department and a Member of the University Senate. Cremona also served as the Attorney General of Malta from 1957 to 1964, and became the Crown Advocate-General in 1964. In 1965, he was simultaneously appointed to three posts: judge of the Superior Courts of Malta, Vice-President of the [[Court of Appeals (Malta)|Court of Appeals]], and Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Malta.<ref name=":1" /> He served as the [[chief justice of Malta]] from 1971 to 1981.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Former Chief Justices|url=https://judiciary.mt/en/Pages/History/Former-Chief-Justices.aspx|access-date=2020-12-31|website=judiciary.mt|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125116/https://judiciary.mt/en/Pages/History/Former-Chief-Justices.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>


After Malta joined the [[Council of Europe]] in 1965, Cremona served as the country's first representative judge on the [[European Court of Human Rights]] from 1965 to 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country Fact Sheets 1959 - 2010|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Country_Factsheets_1959_2010_ENG.pdf|website=European Court of Human Rights|page=36}}</ref> He was also the Vice President of the court from 1986 to 1992.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights|publisher=Third Millennium Publishing Limited|year=2010|isbn=978 1 906507 45 9|location=London|pages=48-50|chapter=The Situation before 1 November 1998|chapter-url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Anni_Book_Chapter02_ENG.pdf}}</ref>
After Malta joined the [[Council of Europe]] in 1965, Cremona served as the country's first representative judge on the [[European Court of Human Rights]] for three consecutive terms, from 1965 to 1992. He was also the vice president of the court from 1986 to 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country Fact Sheets 1959 - 2010|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Country_Factsheets_1959_2010_ENG.pdf|website=European Court of Human Rights|page=36}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights|publisher=Third Millennium Publishing Limited|year=2010|isbn=978-1-906507-45-9|location=London|pages=48–50|chapter=The Situation before 1 November 1998|chapter-url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Anni_Book_Chapter02_ENG.pdf}}</ref>


== Public service ==
== Public service ==
Beginning with the [[Constitution of Malta|Constitution]] of 1959, Malta was granted greater [[home rule]] prior to independence through the creation of local legislative bodies. Cremona was a member of the Executive Council (1959-1962) and the Consultative Council (1962-1964).<ref name=":3" />
Beginning with the [[Constitution of Malta|Constitution]] of 1959, Malta was granted greater [[home rule]] prior to independence through the creation of local legislative bodies. Cremona was a member of the Executive Council (1959–1962) and the Consultative Council (1962–1964).<ref name=":3" />


He was one of the original drafters of the 1964 Constitution of Malta, and represented the Maltese government at the Malta Independence Conference in London in 1963.<ref name=":1" />
He was the original drafter of the 1964 Constitution of Malta, and represented the Maltese government at the Malta Independence Conference in London in 1963.<ref name=":1" />

After independence, Cremona advocated for the establishment of a native [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Malta|honours system]], as Maltese citizens only had access to awards from the British Crown. He became the chair of the selection committee for the National Medal of Merit in 1967, which would be awarded through the Confederation of Voluntary Civic Committees. The first awards were conferred on 21 September 1968. Malta's [[Independence Day (Malta)|Independence Day]]. Cremona later aided the government in establishing the [[Xirka Ġieħ ir-Repubblika]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Said|first=Frans H.|date=2021-01-02|title=Appreciation: John J. Cremona: a chief justice and poet (1918-2020) (2)|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/appreciation-john-j-cremona-a-chief-justice-and-poet-1918-2020-2.842511|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Times of Malta|language=en-gb}}</ref>


In 1986, he became the chairman of the [[United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] (CERD).<ref name=":3" />
In 1986, he became the chairman of the [[United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] (CERD).<ref name=":3" />

== Poetry ==
In the 1960s, Cremona served as Vice President of the International Poetry Society; [[Christopher Fry]] was the president at the time. [[Cecil Day-Lewis]] read one of Cremona's poems in a 1969 lecture at the [[Manoel Theatre]], and Queen [[Elizabeth II]] read a commemorative poem by Cremona during the dedication of the Siege Bell Memorial in [[Valletta]]<ref name=":3" /> in 1992.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Briffa|first=Charles|date=2021-01-02|title=Appreciation: John J. Cremona: a chief justice and poet (1918-2020) (1)|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/appreciation-john-j-cremona-a-chief-justice-and-poet-1918-2020-1.842508|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Times of Malta|language=en-gb}}</ref>

The [[English Association]] chose Cremona to be the Maltese contributor to their anthology ''Commonwealth Poems of Today'' (1967).<ref name=":3" /> The composer [[Charles Camilleri]] used poems by Cremona as the text of the ''War [[Cantata]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fenech|first=Gerald|date=2002|title=Camilleri - War Cantata, Missa Melitensis|url=http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nwm00000a.php|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Classical Net}}</ref>


== Honours ==
== Honours ==
Cremona was a fellow of the [[Royal Historical Society]].<ref name=":1" /> He was President of the [[Alliance française|Alliance Française]] organization in Malta,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-26|title=JJ Cremona, the man who drafted Malta's constitution, dies aged 102|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/jj-cremona-the-man-who-drafted-maltas-constitution-dies-aged-102.841196|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Times of Malta|language=en-gb}}</ref> and a patron of the [[Saint Andrew's Society|St Andrew Society]] (Malta).<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Andrew's Day Ball - The Malta Independent|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2009-12-20/news/st-andrews-day-ball-267856/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.independent.com.mt}}</ref>
Cremona was a fellow of the [[Royal Historical Society]].<ref name=":1" />


Among his decorations were Companion of the [[National Order of Merit (Malta)]], Knight of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], Knight of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem]] (United Kingdom), Chevalier de la [[Legion d'Honneur|Legion d’Honneur]] (France), Knight of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]] (Vatican), Knight Grand Cross of the [[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George|Constantinian Order]],<ref name=":3" /> and Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Order of Merit (Italy)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana|url=https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/11360|access-date=2021-01-01|website=www.quirinale.it}}</ref>
Among his decorations were Companion of the [[National Order of Merit (Malta)]], Knight of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], Knight of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem]] (United Kingdom), Chevalier de la [[Legion d'Honneur|Légion d'honneur]] (France), Knight of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]] (Vatican), Knight Grand Cross of the [[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George|Constantinian Order]],<ref name=":3" /> and Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Order of Merit (Italy)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana|url=https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/11360|access-date=2021-01-01|website=www.quirinale.it}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
⚫
Cremona married Beatrice Crispo Barbaro (1927–2001) in 1949; they had two daughters and one son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Giorgio|url=http://santfournier.org/32%20COP%20Titles/SanGiorgio.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=santfournier.org}}</ref>
Cremona was also a published poet. Both [[Cecil Day-Lewis]] and Queen [[Elizabeth II]] read his poems at public ceremonies.<ref name=":0" />

⚫
Cremona married Beatrice Crispo Barbaro (1927-2001) in 1949; they had two daughters and one son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Giorgio|url=http://santfournier.org/32%20COP%20Titles/SanGiorgio.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=santfournier.org}}</ref>


=== Death ===
=== Death ===
Cremona died at the age of 102 on Christmas Eve 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=J.J. Cremona, chief justice emeritus who drafted Maltese Constitution, dies at 102|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/106714/jj_cremona_chief_justice_emeritus_who_drafted_maltese_constitution_dies_at_102|access-date=2020-12-26|website=MaltaToday.com.mt|language=en}}</ref>
Cremona died at the age of 102 on Christmas Eve 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Vella|first=Matthew|date=2020-12-26|title=J.J. Cremona, chief justice emeritus who drafted Maltese Constitution, dies at 102|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/106714/jj_cremona_chief_justice_emeritus_who_drafted_maltese_constitution_dies_at_102|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-26|website=MaltaToday.com.mt|language=en}}</ref>


== Partial bibliography ==
== Partial bibliography ==


=== Poetry ===
⚫
* ''The Maltese Constitution and Constitutional History since 1813'' (1st edition 1994,<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2015|title=Publications of President Dean Spielmann|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Pub_Spielmann_ENG.pdf|website=European Court of Human Rights}}</ref> 2nd edition 1997<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cremona, J. J. |title=The Maltese constitution and constitutional history since 1813|date=1997|publisher=Publishers Enterprises Group|isbn=99909-0-086-8|edition=2nd |location=San Gwann, Malta|oclc=500000259}}</ref>)
Cremona wrote poems in Italian, English, and Maltese:<ref name=":4" />

* ''Eliotropi'' (1937, Italian)
* ''Songbook of the South'' (1940, English)
* ''Malta Malta'' (1992, English)
* ''Mas-Sebħ Għasafar'' (2004, Maltese)
* ''Ekwinozju'' (2006, Maltese)
* ''Poesie, Poems, Poeżiji'' (2009): poetry anthology covering all three languages
* ''Il-Kantiku tax-Xagħra'' (2012, Maltese)
* ''Poeżiji'' (2018, Maltese)

=== Law ===
⚫
*''The Maltese Constitution and Constitutional History since 1813'' (1st edition 1994,<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2015|title=Publications of President Dean Spielmann|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Pub_Spielmann_ENG.pdf|website=European Court of Human Rights}}</ref> 2nd edition 1997<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cremona, J. J. |title=The Maltese constitution and constitutional history since 1813|date=1997|publisher=Publishers Enterprises Group|isbn=99909-0-086-8|edition=2nd |location=San Gwann, Malta|oclc=500000259}}</ref>)
* ''Malta and Britain: the early constitutions'' (1996) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Cremona, J. J. |title=Malta and Britain: the early constitutions|date=1996|publisher=Publishers Enterprises Group|isbn=99909-0-071-X|location=San Gwann, Malta|oclc=41090559}}</ref>
* ''Malta and Britain: the early constitutions'' (1996) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Cremona, J. J. |title=Malta and Britain: the early constitutions|date=1996|publisher=Publishers Enterprises Group|isbn=99909-0-071-X|location=San Gwann, Malta|oclc=41090559}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cremona, John Joseph}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cremona, John Joseph}}
[[Category:Maltese judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Maltese judges]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:Maltese poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Maltese poets]]
[[Category:People from Xagħra]]
[[Category:People from Xagħra]]
[[Category:Judges of the European Court of Human Rights]]
[[Category:Judges of the European Court of Human Rights]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Malta]]
[[Category:University of Malta alumni]]
[[Category:Sapienza University of Rome alumni]]
[[Category:Sapienza University of Rome alumni]]
[[Category:University of Trieste alumni]]
[[Category:University of Trieste alumni]]
[[Category:Maltese centenarians]]
[[Category:Maltese centenarians]]
{{Malta-bio-stub}}
{{Europe-law-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Knights of St. Gregory the Great]]
[[Category:Knights of St. Gregory the Great]]
[[Category:Maltese male poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Maltese poets]]
[[Category:Men centenarians]]
[[Category:English-language writers from Malta]]
[[Category:Italian-language writers from Malta]]

Latest revision as of 05:43, 28 September 2024

John J. Cremona
Chief Justice of Malta
In office
1971–1981
Prime MinisterDom Mintoff
Preceded byAnthony Mamo
Succeeded byCarmelo Schembri
Judge of the
European Court of Human Rights
in respect of Malta
In office
1965–1992
Preceded byfirst judge from Malta
Succeeded byGiuseppe Mifsud Bonnici
Personal details
Born(1918-01-06)6 January 1918
Xagħra, Gozo
Died24 December 2020(2020-12-24) (aged 102)
Nationality Malta
Alma materTrieste, Malta, London, Rome Sapienza

John Joseph Cremona KOM KM (6 January 1918 – 24 December 2020) was a Maltese jurist and poet. He was the Attorney General of Malta during independence talks in 1964 and the author of the Constitution of Malta.[1] He served as the chief justice of Malta from 1971 to 1981.[2] He assumed the functions of Head of State in an acting capacity several times, both as governor-general and president. He simultaneously served as Malta's first representative judge on the European Court of Human Rights from 1965 to 1992. Cremona was also a noted poet, writing in Italian, English, and Maltese.

Early life

[edit]

Cremona was born in Xagħra, Gozo on 6 January 1918. He held four doctorates: a Dr. jur. from the University of Trieste,[3] an LL.D from the University of Malta, a PhD in law from the University of London, and a DLitt from Sapienza University of Rome. He did research in constitutional law at the London School of Economics and the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London.[4]

[edit]

In 1943, Cremona was called to the bar in Malta. He was a Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Malta from 1948 to 1959, when he was promoted to Professor. In 1961, he became the Head of the department and a Member of the University Senate. Cremona also served as the Attorney General of Malta from 1957 to 1964, and became the Crown Advocate-General in 1964. In 1965, he was simultaneously appointed to three posts: judge of the Superior Courts of Malta, Vice-President of the Court of Appeals, and Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Malta.[4] He served as the chief justice of Malta from 1971 to 1981.[5]

After Malta joined the Council of Europe in 1965, Cremona served as the country's first representative judge on the European Court of Human Rights for three consecutive terms, from 1965 to 1992. He was also the vice president of the court from 1986 to 1992.[6][7]

Public service

[edit]

Beginning with the Constitution of 1959, Malta was granted greater home rule prior to independence through the creation of local legislative bodies. Cremona was a member of the Executive Council (1959–1962) and the Consultative Council (1962–1964).[3]

He was the original drafter of the 1964 Constitution of Malta, and represented the Maltese government at the Malta Independence Conference in London in 1963.[4]

After independence, Cremona advocated for the establishment of a native honours system, as Maltese citizens only had access to awards from the British Crown. He became the chair of the selection committee for the National Medal of Merit in 1967, which would be awarded through the Confederation of Voluntary Civic Committees. The first awards were conferred on 21 September 1968. Malta's Independence Day. Cremona later aided the government in establishing the Xirka Ġieħ ir-Repubblika.[8]

In 1986, he became the chairman of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).[3]

Poetry

[edit]

In the 1960s, Cremona served as Vice President of the International Poetry Society; Christopher Fry was the president at the time. Cecil Day-Lewis read one of Cremona's poems in a 1969 lecture at the Manoel Theatre, and Queen Elizabeth II read a commemorative poem by Cremona during the dedication of the Siege Bell Memorial in Valletta[3] in 1992.[9]

The English Association chose Cremona to be the Maltese contributor to their anthology Commonwealth Poems of Today (1967).[3] The composer Charles Camilleri used poems by Cremona as the text of the War Cantata (2002).[10]

Honours

[edit]

Cremona was a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.[4] He was President of the Alliance Française organization in Malta,[11] and a patron of the St Andrew Society (Malta).[12]

Among his decorations were Companion of the National Order of Merit (Malta), Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem (United Kingdom), Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (France), Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (Vatican), Knight Grand Cross of the Constantinian Order,[3] and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Italy).[13]

Personal life

[edit]

Cremona married Beatrice Crispo Barbaro (1927–2001) in 1949; they had two daughters and one son.[14]

Death

[edit]

Cremona died at the age of 102 on Christmas Eve 2020.[15]

Partial bibliography

[edit]

Poetry

[edit]

Cremona wrote poems in Italian, English, and Maltese:[9]

  • Eliotropi (1937, Italian)
  • Songbook of the South (1940, English)
  • Malta Malta (1992, English)
  • Mas-Sebħ Għasafar (2004, Maltese)
  • Ekwinozju (2006, Maltese)
  • Poesie, Poems, Poeżiji (2009): poetry anthology covering all three languages
  • Il-Kantiku tax-Xagħra (2012, Maltese)
  • Poeżiji (2018, Maltese)

Law

[edit]
  • The Maltese Constitution and Constitutional History since 1813 (1st edition 1994,[16] 2nd edition 1997[17])
  • Malta and Britain: the early constitutions (1996) [18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "JJ Cremona, the man who drafted Malta's constitution, dies aged 102". Times of Malta. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  2. ^ "Former Chief Justice John J. Cremona turns 101 - TVM News". TVM English. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Cremona, John Joseph". The National Archives of Malta. 2002. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d 1965 Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 1967. pp. 42–46.
  5. ^ "Former Chief Justices". judiciary.mt. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  6. ^ "Country Fact Sheets 1959 - 2010" (PDF). European Court of Human Rights. p. 36.
  7. ^ "The Situation before 1 November 1998" (PDF). The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights. London: Third Millennium Publishing Limited. 2010. pp. 48–50. ISBN 978-1-906507-45-9.
  8. ^ Said, Frans H. (2021-01-02). "Appreciation: John J. Cremona: a chief justice and poet (1918-2020) (2)". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  9. ^ a b Briffa, Charles (2021-01-02). "Appreciation: John J. Cremona: a chief justice and poet (1918-2020) (1)". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  10. ^ Fenech, Gerald (2002). "Camilleri - War Cantata, Missa Melitensis". Classical Net. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  11. ^ "JJ Cremona, the man who drafted Malta's constitution, dies aged 102". Times of Malta. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  12. ^ "St Andrew's Day Ball - The Malta Independent". www.independent.com.mt. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  13. ^ "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". www.quirinale.it. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  14. ^ "San Giorgio". santfournier.org. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  15. ^ Vella, Matthew (2020-12-26). "J.J. Cremona, chief justice emeritus who drafted Maltese Constitution, dies at 102". MaltaToday.com.mt. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  16. ^ "Publications of President Dean Spielmann" (PDF). European Court of Human Rights. April 2015.
  17. ^ Cremona, J. J. (1997). The Maltese constitution and constitutional history since 1813 (2nd ed.). San Gwann, Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group. ISBN 99909-0-086-8. OCLC 500000259.
  18. ^ Cremona, J. J. (1996). Malta and Britain: the early constitutions. San Gwann, Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group. ISBN 99909-0-071-X. OCLC 41090559.
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