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Coordinates: 42°18′52″N 122°58′2″W / 42.31444°N 122.96722°W / 42.31444; -122.96722
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Jacksonville, Oregon
|official_name = Jacksonville, Oregon
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|government_type =
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = <nowiki>Paul Becker</nowiki>
|leader_name = <nowiki>Donna Bowen</nowiki>
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = 1860
|established_date = 1860
|area_magnitude =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.89
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.89
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_41.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref>
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 4.90
|area_total_km2 = 4.90
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.89
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.89
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|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
<!-- Population -->
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_est = 2899
|population_est =
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_as_of =
|population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>
|population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total = 2785
|population_total = 3020
|population_density_km2 = 591.61
|population_density_km2 = 616.31
|population_density_sq_mi = 1532.24
|population_density_sq_mi = 1596.19
|population_note =
|population_note =
|population_metro =
|population_metro =
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|blank1_info = 1122366<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|blank1_info = 1122366<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|pop_est_footnotes =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
}}
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== History ==
== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}
Jacksonville was founded following discovery of [[gold rush|gold deposits]] in 1851–1852. With the creation of Jackson County, it became the [[county seat]], a role which was transferred to nearby Medford in 1927.
Jacksonville was founded following discovery of [[gold rush|gold deposits]] in 1851–1852. The [[killing of Robert S. Maynard|first hanging in Southern Oregon]] took place in Jacksonville in the spring of 1852.<ref>* {{cite news |last1=Plymale |first1=W. J. |date=21 June 1903 |title=First Hanging in Southern Oregon |url=https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1903-06-21/ed-1/seq-15/#words=Gulch+Rich |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=[[The Sunday Oregonian]] |issue=25 |volume=XXII |location=Portland |language=en |oclc=9677940 |page=15 |quote=this was the first execution in Southern Oregon}}</ref> With the creation of Jackson County, it became the [[county seat]], a role which was transferred to nearby Medford in 1927.


Jacksonville was home to the first [[Chinatown]] in Oregon, founded by immigrants from [[San Francisco]]. Physical evidence of this chapter of history was uncovered early in March 2004 when road work uncovered artifacts dating to the 1850s and 1860s. Construction was halted while archeologists performed four days of rescue excavations. Their findings included broken Chinese bowls and tea cups, handmade bottles, and fragments of [[opium]] paraphernalia and [[Chinese coins]].
Jacksonville was home to the first [[Chinatown]] in Oregon, founded by immigrants from [[San Francisco]]. Physical evidence of this chapter of history was uncovered early in March 2004 when road work uncovered artifacts dating to the 1850s and 1860s. Construction was halted while archeologists performed four days of rescue excavations. Their findings included broken Chinese bowls and tea cups, handmade bottles, and fragments of [[opium]] paraphernalia and [[Ancient Chinese coinage|Chinese coins]].


[[Image:JacksonvilleOregon1883.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|1883 [[Lithography|lithograph]] of Jacksonville.]]
As the gold deposits were worked out in the 1860s and the railway bypassed Jacksonville in 1884, the city's economy slowed. This had the unintended benefit of preserving a number of structures, which led to Jacksonville's being designated a [[National Historic Landmark|National Historic District]] in 1966, covering over 100 buildings. It was cited as a "mid-19th century inland commercial city significant for its magnificent group of surviving unaltered commercial and residential buildings. The city was the principal financial center of [[southern Oregon]] until it was bypassed by the Oregon and California Railroad<ref>http://truwe.sohs.org/files/rrvrr.html</ref>."
As the gold deposits were worked out in the 1860s and the railway bypassed Jacksonville in 1884, the city's economy slowed. This had the unintended benefit of preserving a number of structures, which led to Jacksonville's being designated a [[National Historic Landmark|National Historic District]] in 1966, covering over 100 buildings. It was cited as a "mid-19th century inland commercial city significant for its magnificent group of surviving unaltered commercial and residential buildings. The city was the principal financial center of [[southern Oregon]] until it was bypassed by the Oregon and California Railroad."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rogue River Valley Railway |url=http://truwe.sohs.org/files/rrvrr.html}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Jacksonville is in west-central Jackson County, {{convert|5|mi|0}} west of Medford in the valley of Jackson Creek at the base of Miller Mountain. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.89|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 24, 2012 }}</ref>
Jacksonville is in west-central Jackson County, {{convert|5|mi|0}} west of Medford in the valley of Jackson Creek at the base of Miller Mountain. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.89|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2012 }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Jacksonville, Oregon
| width = auto
| single line = Y
| Jan high F = 47
| Feb high F = 52
| Mar high F = 57
| Apr high F = 63
| May high F = 71
| Jun high F = 79
| Jul high F = 87
| Aug high F = 87
| Sep high F = 81
| Oct high F = 69
| Nov high F = 52
| Dec high F = 45
| Jan record high F = 69
| Feb record high F = 81
| Mar record high F = 84
| Apr record high F = 91
| May record high F = 102
| Jun record high F = 109
| Jul record high F = 109
| Aug record high F = 111
| Sep record high F = 114
| Oct record high F = 102
| Nov record high F = 78
| Dec record high F = 71
| year record high F = 114
| year high F = 66
| Jan low F = 30
| Feb low F = 32
| Mar low F = 34
| Apr low F = 37
| May low F = 42
| Jun low F = 47
| Jul low F = 52
| Aug low F = 51
| Sep low F = 46
| Oct low F = 39
| Nov low F = 34
| Dec low F = 30
| Jan record low F = 8
| Feb record low F = 2
| Mar record low F = 18
| Apr record low F = 20
| May record low F = 25
| Jun record low F = 30
| Jul record low F = 34
| Aug record low F = 32
| Sep record low F = 22
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = 12
| Dec record low F = −3
| year record low F = −3
| year low F = 40
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.14
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.57
| Mar precipitation inch = 2.38
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.64
| May precipitation inch = 1.40
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.77
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.41
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.54
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.86
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.68
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.38
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.49
| year precipitation inch =
| Jan snow inch = 2.8
| Feb snow inch = 2.8
| Mar snow inch = 1.6
| Apr snow inch = 0.1
| May snow inch = 0
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0
| Nov snow inch = 0.2
| Dec snow inch = 1
| year snow inch =
| source 1 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.plantmaps.com/97530|title=Zipcode 97530|website=www.plantmaps.com|access-date=June 13, 2021}}</ref>
}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
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|2000= 2235
|2000= 2235
|2010= 2785
|2010= 2785
|2020= 3020
|estyear=2019
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
|estimate=2899
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
[[File:Jacksonville, Oregon City Hall (former Jackson County Courthouse).jpg|thumb|Jacksonville City Hall]]
[[Image:JacksonvilleOregon1883.jpg|thumb|right|1883 [[Lithography|lithograph]] of Jacksonville.]]

===2010 census===
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 2,785 people, 1,377 households, and 808 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1473.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,548 housing units at an average density of {{convert|819.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.9% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.9% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 2,785 people, 1,377 households, and 808 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1473.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,548 housing units at an average density of {{convert|819.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.9% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.9% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>
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===2000 census===
===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,235 people, 1,034 households, and 661 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,230.7 people per square mile (474.1/km{{sup|2}}). There were 1,102 housing units at an average density of 606.8 per square mile (233.8/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of the city was 96.11% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.31% African American, 0.40% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,235 people, 1,034 households, and 661 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,230.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,102 housing units at an average density of {{convert|606.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.11% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.31% African American, 0.40% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>


The largest ancestry groups in Jacksonville, Oregon, include: [[German American|German]] (19%), [[English American|English]] (18%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (11%), [[Scottish American|Scottish]] (4%) and [[Italian American|Italian]] (4%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=15325 |title=Jacksonville - Jacksonville - Ancestry & family history |publisher=ePodunk |access-date=2014-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175201/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=15325 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The largest ancestry groups in Jacksonville, Oregon, include: [[German American|German]] (19%), [[English American|English]] (18%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (11%), [[Scottish American|Scottish]] (4%) and [[Italian American|Italian]] (4%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=15325 |title=Jacksonville - Jacksonville - Ancestry & family history |publisher=ePodunk |access-date=2014-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175201/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=15325 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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== Arts and culture ==
== Arts and culture ==
''[[The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid]]'' (1971) was filmed in and around Jacksonville.<ref>Maddrey, Joseph (2016). ''The Quick, the Dead and the Revived: The Many Lives of the Western Film''. McFarland. Page 184. {{ISBN|9781476625492}}.</ref>
''[[The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid]]'' (1971) was filmed in and around Jacksonville.<ref>Maddrey, Joseph (2016). ''The Quick, the Dead and the Revived: The Many Lives of the Western Film''. McFarland. Page 184. {{ISBN|9781476625492}}.</ref>

''[[Inherit the Wind (1988 film)|Inherit The Wind]]'' (1988) a made-for television movie, starring Jason Robards and Kirk Douglas was filmed in Jacksonville.<ref name="imdb.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095373/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3 | title=Inherit The Wind (1988 film) | website=[[IMDb]] | accessdate=17 June 2021}}</ref>


The 1946 Technicolor film ''[[Canyon Passage]]'' takes place in Jacksonville. Though it is fiction, the location itself, a small gold mining town, is extremely important to the theme and plot.
The 1946 Technicolor film ''[[Canyon Passage]]'' takes place in Jacksonville. Though it is fiction, the location itself, a small gold mining town, is extremely important to the theme and plot.
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=== Museums and other points of interest ===
=== Museums and other points of interest ===
[[File:Jacksonville Oregon Museum.jpg|thumb|The former [[Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Jackson County Courthouse]]]]
[[File:Jacksonville Oregon Museum.jpg|thumb|The former [[Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Jackson County Courthouse]]]]
The Southern Oregon Historical Society (SOHS) was formed in 1946 to save the endangered 1880s [[Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Jackson County Courthouse]].<ref name="SOHS About">{{cite web |title= About Us |url= http://www.sohs.org/our-story |publisher= Southern Oregon Historical Society |access-date= May 25, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140309154908/http://www.sohs.org/our-story |archive-date= March 9, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The society opened the Jacksonville Museum in the courthouse building on July 10, 1950,<ref>{{cite book |last= Engemann |first= Richard H. |title= The Jacksonville Story |publisher= Southern Oregon Historical Society |year= 1980 |isbn= 978-0-943388-02-1 |page= 41}}</ref> and operated it until it closed in 2006 because of lack of funding; as of 2014 the courthouse, which is now owned by the City of Jacksonville, is not open to the public.<ref name="SOHS About"/><ref name=Transfer>{{cite web |url= http://jacksonvillereview.com/jackson-county-to-transfer-ownership-of-buildings-to-jacksonville/ |title= Jackson County To Transfer Ownership of Buildings To Jacksonville |publisher= Jacksonville Review |access-date= May 25, 2014}}</ref> The society now operates [[Michael Hanley Farmstead|Hanley Farm]] in [[Central Point, Oregon|Central Point]] and a research library in [[Medford, Oregon|Medford]].<ref name="SOHS About"/>
The Southern Oregon Historical Society (SOHS) was formed in 1946 to save the endangered 1880s [[Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Jackson County Courthouse]].<ref name="SOHS About">{{cite web |title= About Us |url= http://www.sohs.org/our-story |publisher= Southern Oregon Historical Society |access-date= May 25, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140309154908/http://www.sohs.org/our-story |archive-date= March 9, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The society opened the Jacksonville Museum in the courthouse building on July 10, 1950,<ref>{{cite book |last= Engemann |first= Richard H. |title= The Jacksonville Story |publisher= Southern Oregon Historical Society |year= 1980 |isbn= 978-0-943388-02-1 |page= 41}}</ref> and operated it until it closed in 2006 because of lack of funding; as of 2014 the courthouse, which is now owned by the City of Jacksonville, is not open to the public.<ref name="SOHS About"/><ref name=Transfer>{{cite web |url= http://jacksonvillereview.com/jackson-county-to-transfer-ownership-of-buildings-to-jacksonville/ |title= Jackson County To Transfer Ownership of Buildings To Jacksonville |date= 5 September 2012 |publisher= Jacksonville Review |access-date= May 25, 2014}}</ref> The society now operates [[Michael Hanley Farmstead|Hanley Farm]] in [[Central Point, Oregon|Central Point]] and a research library in [[Medford, Oregon|Medford]].<ref name="SOHS About"/>


Named for [[Cornelius C. Beekman]], the [[Beekman Native Plant Arboretum]] is located behind the [[Beekman House (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Beekman House]], a [[Historic house museums|house museum]] owned by the City of Jacksonville and a [[contributing property]] of the historic district.<ref name="SOHS About"/><ref name=Transfer/><ref name="NRHPnom">{{cite document | last = McKithan | first = Cecil | title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form: Jacksonville Historic District | date = September 1977 | url ={{NHLS url|id=66000950}} | format = PDF }}</ref><ref name=County>{{cite web |url= http://www.co.jackson.or.us/News.asp?NewsID=2321 |title= Jackson County Intends to Transfer Ownership of Four Historic Buildings to City of Jacksonville |date= September 5, 2012 |publisher= Jackson County, Oregon |access-date= May 25, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140526031300/http://www.co.jackson.or.us/News.asp?NewsID=2321 |archive-date= May 26, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Beekman House is managed by Historic Jacksonville, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jacksonvillereview.com/historic-jacksonville-inc-bringing-historic-buildings-to-life/ |title= Historic Jacksonville, Inc. Bringing Historic Buildings to Life |date= March 31, 2014 |publisher= Jacksonville Review |access-date= May 25, 2014}}</ref> Other contributing properties in the district formerly owned by the SOHS and now owned by the city include the [[Beekman Bank]], and the [[Catholic Rectory (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Catholic Rectory]].<ref name=Transfer/> The [[U.S. Hotel (Jacksonville, Oregon)|U.S. Hotel]] was owned by Jackson County and as of 2012 was going to be sold, with proceeds to be split by Jackson County and SOHS.<ref name=Transfer/>
Named for [[Cornelius C. Beekman]], the [[Beekman Native Plant Arboretum]] is located behind the [[Beekman House (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Beekman House]], a [[Historic house museums|house museum]] owned by the City of Jacksonville and a [[contributing property]] of the historic district.<ref name="SOHS About"/><ref name=Transfer/><ref name="NRHPnom">{{cite web | last = McKithan | first = Cecil | title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form: Jacksonville Historic District | date = September 1977 | url ={{NHLS url|id=66000950}} | format = PDF }}</ref><ref name=County>{{cite web |url= http://www.co.jackson.or.us/News.asp?NewsID=2321 |title= Jackson County Intends to Transfer Ownership of Four Historic Buildings to City of Jacksonville |date= September 5, 2012 |publisher= Jackson County, Oregon |access-date= May 25, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140526031300/http://www.co.jackson.or.us/News.asp?NewsID=2321 |archive-date= May 26, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Beekman House is managed by Historic Jacksonville, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jacksonvillereview.com/historic-jacksonville-inc-bringing-historic-buildings-to-life/ |title= Historic Jacksonville, Inc. Bringing Historic Buildings to Life |date= March 31, 2014 |publisher= Jacksonville Review |access-date= May 25, 2014}}</ref> Other contributing properties in the district formerly owned by the SOHS and now owned by the city include the [[Beekman Bank]], and the [[Catholic Rectory (Jacksonville, Oregon)|Catholic Rectory]].<ref name=Transfer/> The [[U.S. Hotel (Jacksonville, Oregon)|U.S. Hotel]] was owned by Jackson County and as of 2012 was going to be sold, with proceeds to be split by Jackson County and SOHS.<ref name=Transfer/>


The 1859 [[B. F. Dowell House]], a private residence and contributing property, is the oldest [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] brick residence in Oregon.<ref name="NRHPnom"/><ref>[http://www.oregonarchitect.com/historic-renovation.html Historic Home Renovation: Jacksonville, Oregon, Bruce Richey, Architect]</ref>
The 1859 [[B. F. Dowell House]], a private residence and contributing property, is the oldest [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] brick residence in Oregon.<ref name="NRHPnom"/><ref>[http://www.oregonarchitect.com/historic-renovation.html Historic Home Renovation: Jacksonville, Oregon, Bruce Richey, Architect]</ref>
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· Alphabetical by last name please.
· Alphabetical by last name please.
-->
-->
* [[Kirstie Alley]], actress
* [[Cornelius C. Beekman]], early resident and banker
* [[Cornelius C. Beekman]], early resident and banker
* [[Peter Britt]], early resident and pioneer photographer
* [[Peter Britt]], early resident and pioneer photographer
* [[Bruce Campbell]], actor, producer, writer, comedian, and director
* [[Bruce Campbell]], actor, producer, writer, comedian, and director
* [[Helen Cha-Pyo]], orchestra conductor and organist
* [[Helen Cha-Pyo]], orchestra conductor and organist
* [[Gary Dahl (entrepreneur)|Gary Dahl]], creator of the [[Pet Rock]]
* [[Pinto Colvig]], the original [[Bozo the Clown]] and voice of [[Goofy]] and [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]]
* [[Pinto Colvig]], the original [[Bozo the Clown]] and voice of [[Goofy]] and [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]]
* [[Adrienne King]], actress<ref name=rural>{{cite web|work=[[The Oregonian]]|location=Portland, Oregon|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2010/10/first_friday_the_13th_stars_dr.html|title=First 'Friday the 13th' star's dreams are now in rural Oregon|date=October 19, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200401004551/https://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2010/10/first_friday_the_13th_stars_dr.html|archive-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Adrienne King]], actress<ref name=rural>{{cite web|work=[[The Oregonian]]|location=Portland, Oregon|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2010/10/first_friday_the_13th_stars_dr.html|title=First 'Friday the 13th' star's dreams are now in rural Oregon|date=October 19, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200401004551/https://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2010/10/first_friday_the_13th_stars_dr.html|archive-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>
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* [[John Trudeau]], musician and orchestra conductor
* [[John Trudeau]], musician and orchestra conductor
* [[Kitty Wilkins]], horse breeder
* [[Kitty Wilkins]], horse breeder
* [[William S. Barnum]], President Of the Rogue River Valley Railroad, which connected Jacksonville to Medford with about 5 miles of track.<ref>{{cite book |last=Webber |first=Bert and Margie |date=1990 |title=SINGLE TRACK TO JACKSONVILLE |publisher=WEBB RESEARCH GROUP |page=47 |isbn=0-936738-55-3}}</ref> Barnum was also the owner of the [[Barnum Hotel]], located in Medford.


==Sister cities==
==Sister cities==
Line 175: Line 263:


== Footnotes ==
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 06:17, 28 September 2024

Jacksonville, Oregon
City
California Street
California Street
Motto: 
Always a good time
Location in Oregon
Location in Oregon
Coordinates: 42°18′52″N 122°58′2″W / 42.31444°N 122.96722°W / 42.31444; -122.96722
CountryUnited States
StateOregon
CountyJackson
Incorporated1860
Government
 • MayorDonna Bowen
Area
[1]
 • Total
1.89 sq mi (4.90 km2)
 • Land1.89 sq mi (4.90 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
1,569 ft (478 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
3,020
 • Density1,596.19/sq mi (616.31/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (Pacific)
ZIP code
97530
Area code(s)458 and 541
FIPS code41-37000[3]
GNIS feature ID1122366[4]
Websitewww.jacksonvilleor.us

Jacksonville is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Medford. It was named for Jackson Creek, which flows through the community and was the site of one of the first placer gold claims in the area. It includes Jacksonville Historic District, which was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1966.[5] As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,785,[6] up from 2,235 at the 2000 census.

History

[edit]

Jacksonville was founded following discovery of gold deposits in 1851–1852. The first hanging in Southern Oregon took place in Jacksonville in the spring of 1852.[7] With the creation of Jackson County, it became the county seat, a role which was transferred to nearby Medford in 1927.

Jacksonville was home to the first Chinatown in Oregon, founded by immigrants from San Francisco. Physical evidence of this chapter of history was uncovered early in March 2004 when road work uncovered artifacts dating to the 1850s and 1860s. Construction was halted while archeologists performed four days of rescue excavations. Their findings included broken Chinese bowls and tea cups, handmade bottles, and fragments of opium paraphernalia and Chinese coins.

1883 lithograph of Jacksonville.

As the gold deposits were worked out in the 1860s and the railway bypassed Jacksonville in 1884, the city's economy slowed. This had the unintended benefit of preserving a number of structures, which led to Jacksonville's being designated a National Historic District in 1966, covering over 100 buildings. It was cited as a "mid-19th century inland commercial city significant for its magnificent group of surviving unaltered commercial and residential buildings. The city was the principal financial center of southern Oregon until it was bypassed by the Oregon and California Railroad."[8]

Geography

[edit]

Jacksonville is in west-central Jackson County, 5 miles (8 km) west of Medford in the valley of Jackson Creek at the base of Miller Mountain. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.89 square miles (4.90 km2), all land.[9]

Climate data for Jacksonville, Oregon
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21) 		81
(27) 		84
(29) 		91
(33) 		102
(39) 		109
(43) 		109
(43) 		111
(44) 		114
(46) 		102
(39) 		78
(26) 		71
(22) 		114
(46)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 47
(8) 		52
(11) 		57
(14) 		63
(17) 		71
(22) 		79
(26) 		87
(31) 		87
(31) 		81
(27) 		69
(21) 		52
(11) 		45
(7) 		66
(19)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 30
(−1) 		32
(0) 		34
(1) 		37
(3) 		42
(6) 		47
(8) 		52
(11) 		51
(11) 		46
(8) 		39
(4) 		34
(1) 		30
(−1) 		40
(4)
Record low °F (°C) 8
(−13) 		2
(−17) 		18
(−8) 		20
(−7) 		25
(−4) 		30
(−1) 		34
(1) 		32
(0) 		22
(−6) 		17
(−8) 		12
(−11) 		−3
(−19) 		−3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.14
(80) 		2.57
(65) 		2.38
(60) 		1.64
(42) 		1.40
(36) 		0.77
(20) 		0.41
(10) 		0.54
(14) 		0.86
(22) 		1.68
(43) 		3.38
(86) 		3.49
(89) 		22.26
(567)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.8
(7.1) 		2.8
(7.1) 		1.6
(4.1) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1
(2.5) 		8.5
(21.56)
Source: [10]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880839—
1890743−11.4%
1900653−12.1%
191078520.2%
1920489−37.7%
193070644.4%
19407617.8%
19501,19356.8%
19601,172−1.8%
19701,61137.5%
19802,03026.0%
19901,896−6.6%
20002,23517.9%
20102,78524.6%
20203,0208.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[11][2]
Jacksonville City Hall

2010 census

[edit]

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,785 people, 1,377 households, and 808 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,473.5 inhabitants per square mile (568.9/km2). There were 1,548 housing units at an average density of 819.0 per square mile (316.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.[3]

There were 1,377 households, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.3% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.62.[3]

The median age in the city was 54.9 years. 15.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.8% were from 25 to 44; 35.1% were from 45 to 64; and 30% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.[3]

2000 census

[edit]

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,235 people, 1,034 households, and 661 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,230.7 inhabitants per square mile (475.2/km2). There were 1,102 housing units at an average density of 606.8 per square mile (234.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.11% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.31% African American, 0.40% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.[3]

The largest ancestry groups in Jacksonville, Oregon, include: German (19%), English (18%), Irish (11%), Scottish (4%) and Italian (4%).[12]

There were 1,034 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.68.[3]

Jacksonville's population is spread out, with 18.9% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 24.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $57,333. Males had a median income of $42,917 versus $28,661 for females. Jacksonville's per capita income is $28,152. About 5.3% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.[3]

Education

[edit]

Jacksonville is served by the Medford School District and is home to Jacksonville Elementary School.

Arts and culture

[edit]

The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid (1971) was filmed in and around Jacksonville.[13]

Inherit The Wind (1988) a made-for television movie, starring Jason Robards and Kirk Douglas was filmed in Jacksonville.[14]

The 1946 Technicolor film Canyon Passage takes place in Jacksonville. Though it is fiction, the location itself, a small gold mining town, is extremely important to the theme and plot.

The 2018 AnnaPura film The Sisters Brothers starring Joaquin Phoenix, Jake Gyllenhaal and John C. Reilly. Their characters pass through Jacksonville in pursuit of a bounty.

Annual cultural events

[edit]

Jacksonville is home to the Britt Festival, a seasonal music festival that takes place at an open-air amphitheater. The site was selected in 1963 because of the acoustic qualities of the surrounding hills. The popular concert series draws national pop, country, alternative and contemporary music acts. It is named after Peter Britt, a pioneer and owner of the land now used for Britt Park.

Museums and other points of interest

[edit]
The former Jackson County Courthouse

The Southern Oregon Historical Society (SOHS) was formed in 1946 to save the endangered 1880s Jackson County Courthouse.[15] The society opened the Jacksonville Museum in the courthouse building on July 10, 1950,[16] and operated it until it closed in 2006 because of lack of funding; as of 2014 the courthouse, which is now owned by the City of Jacksonville, is not open to the public.[15][17] The society now operates Hanley Farm in Central Point and a research library in Medford.[15]

Named for Cornelius C. Beekman, the Beekman Native Plant Arboretum is located behind the Beekman House, a house museum owned by the City of Jacksonville and a contributing property of the historic district.[15][17][18][19] Beekman House is managed by Historic Jacksonville, Inc.[20] Other contributing properties in the district formerly owned by the SOHS and now owned by the city include the Beekman Bank, and the Catholic Rectory.[17] The U.S. Hotel was owned by Jackson County and as of 2012 was going to be sold, with proceeds to be split by Jackson County and SOHS.[17]

The 1859 B. F. Dowell House, a private residence and contributing property, is the oldest Italianate brick residence in Oregon.[18][21]

The William Bybee House, near Jacksonville, now known as Bybee's Historic Inn, is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Media

[edit]

Jacksonville is served by the Mail Tribune newspaper, published in Medford.

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Jacksonville has one sister city,[23] as designated by Sister Cities International:

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  4. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. ^ National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL) Archived 2009-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Jacksonville city, Oregon". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  7. ^ * Plymale, W. J. (June 21, 1903). "First Hanging in Southern Oregon". The Sunday Oregonian. Vol. XXII, no. 25. Portland. p. 15. OCLC 9677940. Retrieved February 26, 2024. this was the first execution in Southern Oregon
  8. ^ "The Rogue River Valley Railway".
  9. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  10. ^ "Zipcode 97530". www.plantmaps.com. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  11. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  12. ^ "Jacksonville - Jacksonville - Ancestry & family history". ePodunk. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  13. ^ Maddrey, Joseph (2016). The Quick, the Dead and the Revived: The Many Lives of the Western Film. McFarland. Page 184. ISBN 9781476625492.
  14. ^ "Inherit The Wind (1988 film)". IMDb. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d "About Us". Southern Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  16. ^ Engemann, Richard H. (1980). The Jacksonville Story. Southern Oregon Historical Society. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-943388-02-1.
  17. ^ a b c d "Jackson County To Transfer Ownership of Buildings To Jacksonville". Jacksonville Review. September 5, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  18. ^ a b McKithan, Cecil (September 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form: Jacksonville Historic District" (PDF).
  19. ^ "Jackson County Intends to Transfer Ownership of Four Historic Buildings to City of Jacksonville". Jackson County, Oregon. September 5, 2012. Archived from the original on May 26, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  20. ^ "Historic Jacksonville, Inc. Bringing Historic Buildings to Life". Jacksonville Review. March 31, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  21. ^ Historic Home Renovation: Jacksonville, Oregon, Bruce Richey, Architect
  22. ^ "First 'Friday the 13th' star's dreams are now in rural Oregon". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. October 19, 2010. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020.
  23. ^ "Sister Cities International - Jacksonville, Oregon". Sister Cities International. Sister Cities International. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
[edit]
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