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{{Short description|Indian academic, author and translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Lallu Lal
| name = Lallu Lal
| image =
| image =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = 1763
| birth_date = 1763
| birth_place = [[Agra]]
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Maratha Empire]]
| death_date = 1835
| death_date = 1835 (aged 71-72)
| death_place = [[Calcutta]]
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| nationality = British Indian
| nationality = Indian
⚫
| occupation = College instructor, translator, author
| other_names = Lallu Lalji, Lallu Lal Ji, Lallulal, Lalloolal, Lallo Lal, Lulloo Lal Kuvi, Lallū Lāla, Lallu Lal Kavi
⚫
| notable_works = ''Prem Sagar''
⚫
| occupation = college instructor, translator, author
⚫
| notable_works = Prem Sagar
}}
}}
'''Lallu Lal''' (1763–1835) was an academic, author and translator from [[British India]]. He was an instructor in [[Hindustani language]] at [[Fort William College]]. He is notable for ''Prem Sagar'', the first work in modern literary [[Hindi]].
'''Lallu Lal''' (1763–1835) was an academic, author and translator from [[India]]. He was an instructor in the [[Hindustani language]] at [[Fort William College]] in [[Hastings, Kolkata|Hastings]], Calcutta. He is notable for ''Prem Sagar'', the first work in modern literary [[Hindi]].
[[File:Premsagar1.png|thumb|Prem Sagar of Lallo Lal, page 1, Sunscrit Press Calcutta, 1810.]]


== Biography ==
== Biography ==


Lallu Lal was born in a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Brahmin]] family of [[Agra]]. He had knowledge of [[Persian language|Persian]] and Hindustani. He came to [[Murshidabad]] to earn a living, and served the [[Nawab of Murshidabad]] for 7 years. He was noticed by [[John Gilchrist (linguist)|John Gilchrist]], who brought him to the Fort William College in Calcutta. There, Lallu Lal translated and authored several literary works into modern vernacular Hindi. He retired from the Fort William College in 1881 [[Vikram Samvat]] (1823–24 CE), after serving there for 24 years.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Akbar Padamsee |author2=Shamlal |title=Western Influence in Bengali Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIlBAQAAIAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Vakil |page=320 }}</ref>
Lallu Lal was born into a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Audichya Brahmins|Sahsra Audichya Brahmin]] family from [[Agra]].<ref>Prem Sagar, Lullo Lal Kub, Sunscrit Press, Calcutta, 1810</ref> He had knowledge of [[Persian language|Persian]] and Hindustani. He came to [[Murshidabad]], Bengal, to earn a living, and served the [[Nawab of Murshidabad]] for seven years. He was noticed by [[John Gilchrist (linguist)|John Gilchrist]], who brought him to the Fort William College in Calcutta. There, Lallu Lal translated and authored several literary works into modern vernacular Hindi. He retired from the Fort William College in 1823–24 CE, after serving there for 24 years.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Akbar Padamsee |author2=Shamlal |title=Western Influence in Bengali Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIlBAQAAIAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Vakil |page=320 }}</ref>


== Works ==
== Works ==


Lallu Lal's most notable translation is ''Prem Sagar'' (1804–1810), the earliest prose in [[Khari Boli]] dialect of Hindi. Along with Kazim Ali Javan, he translated ''[[Singhasan Battisi]]'' and ''[[Shakuntala]]'' into Hindustani. Along with Mazhar Ali Vila, he also translated ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'' and ''Madhunal'' (1805) in Hindustani.<ref>{{cite book |author=Thomas Grahame Bailey |title=A history of Urdu literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jT8qAQAAIAAJ |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-547518-0 |page=80 }}</ref>
Lallu Lal's most notable translation is ''Prem Sagar'' (1804–1810), the earliest prose in [[Khari Boli]] dialect of Hindi. Along with Kazim Ali Javan, he translated ''[[Singhasan Battisi]]'' and ''[[Shakuntala]]'' into Hindustani. Along with Mazhar Ali Vila, he also translated ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'' and ''Madhunal'' (1805) into Hindustani.<ref>{{cite book |author=Thomas Grahame Bailey |title=A history of Urdu literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jT8qAQAAIAAJ |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-547518-0 |page=80 }}</ref>


Lallu Lal's original work included ''The Grammar of Brij-bhasa'' (1811), in Urdu script. He also authored ''Lala Chandrika'', a commentary on [[Bihari Lal|Bihari]]'s ''[[Satasai]]''.<ref>{{cite book |editor=[[George Abraham Grierson]] |title=The Satsaiya of Bihari, with a Commentary Entitled the Lala-candrika, by Çri Lallu Lal Kavi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeB_nQEACAAJ |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta}}</ref>
Lallu Lal's original work included ''The Grammar of Brij-bhasa'' (1811), in [[Urdu script]]. He also authored ''Lala Chandrika'', a commentary on [[Bihari Lal|Bihari]]'s ''[[Satasai]]''.<ref>{{cite book |editor=George Abraham Grierson |editor-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=The Satsaiya of Bihari, with a Commentary Entitled the Lala-candrika, by Çri Lallu Lal Kavi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeB_nQEACAAJ |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta}}</ref>


In addition, he compiled ''Lataif-i-Hindi'' or ''The New Cyclopedia Hindoostanica of Wit'' (1810) in Urdu and [[Devanagari]] scripts. It is a collection of around 100 witty stories and anecdotes.<ref name="AJK_2006">{{cite book |author=Abdul Jamil Khan |title=Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWpNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |year=2006 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-437-2 |page=205 }}</ref>
In addition, he compiled ''Lataif-i-Hindi'' or ''The New Cyclopedia Hindoostanica of Wit'' (1810) in Urdu and [[Devanagari]] scripts. It is a collection of around 100 witty stories and anecdotes.<ref name="AJK_2006">{{cite book |author=Abdul Jamil Khan |title=Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWpNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |year=2006 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-437-2 |page=205 }}</ref>


=== Prem Sagar ===
=== Prem Sagar ===
⚫
''Prem Sagar'' or ''Prem Sagur'' ("Ocean of Love") was one of the first modern [[Hindi]] books that was typeset and published, composed between 1804 and 1810, and published in 1810. A translation of Chaturbhuja Misra's [[Braj Bhasa]] book, its story is based on the tenth book of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', the legend of [[Krishna]].<ref name="WH_1848">{{cite book |translator=W. Hollings |title=The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/psa/ |publisher=Ridsdale |isbn=978-1-4655-8069-6 |year=1848 |page=1 }}</ref> Lallu Lal mention that book has been composed in the "Khadi Boli of Delhi-Agra". The language is termed as "translated into Hinduvee from the Brij Bhasha" on the face page.


⚫
The earliest Hindustani language literature made heavy use of Persian words, and resembled modern [[Urdu]]. Lallu Lal was among the first writers to use words of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] origin in Hindustani language literature. His ''Prem Sagar'' is the earliest work, whose language resembles modern [[Sanskrit]]ized [[Hindi]]. Linguist [[Jules Bloch]] describes the importance of Lallu Lal's work as follows:<ref>{{cite web
⚫
''Prem Sagar'' or ''Prem Sagur'' ("Ocean of Love") was one of the first modern [[Hindi]] books, composed between 1804 and 1810. A translation of Chaturbhuja Misra's [[Braj Bhasa]] book, its story is based on the tenth book of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', the legend of [[Krishna]].<ref name="WH_1848">{{cite book |translator=W. Hollings |title=The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/psa/ |publisher=Ridsdale |isbn=978-1-4655-8069-6 |year=1848 |page=1 }}</ref>
| title = 03misconceptions
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/tarachand/03misconceptions.html
| date = 2023-05-01
| archiveurl = https://archive.today/20230501004154/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/tarachand/03misconceptions.html
| archivedate = 2023-05-01 }}</ref>


{{quotation|Lallu Lal, under the inspiration of Dr. Gilchrist, changed all that by writing the famous ''Prem Sagar'', whose prose portions are on the whole Urdu, from which Persian words have been throughout replaced by Indo-Aryan words… The new dialect gave a lingua franca to the Hindus.|Jules Bloch}}The book was inspired stylistically by the ''Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā'', a 17th-18th century Braj Bhasha text written by Harirāy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Barz |first=Richard |title=Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |year=2018 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Vallabha |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref>
⚫
The earliest Hindustani language literature made heavy use of Persian words, and resembled modern [[Urdu]]. Lallu Lal was among the first writers to use words of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] origin in Hindustani language literature. His ''Prem Sagar'' is the earliest work, whose language resembles modern [[Sanskrit]]ized [[Hindi]]. Linguist [[Jules Bloch]] describes the importance of Lallu Lal's work as follows:<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/tarachand/03misconceptions.html |title=The Problem of Hindustani (1944) |author=Tara Chand |year=1994 |publisher=Indian Periodicals |chapter=Some Misconceptions About Hindustani }}</ref>

{{quotation|Lallu Lal, under the inspiration of Dr. Gilchrist, changed all that by writing the famous ''Prem Sagar'', whose prose portions are on the whole Urdu, from which Persian words have been throughout replaced by Indo-Aryan words… The new dialect gave a lingua franca to the Hindus.|Jules Bloch}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
Line 48: Line 55:
* [https://archive.org/details/premsagurorhist00catugoog The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal]
* [https://archive.org/details/premsagurorhist00catugoog The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal]
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/psa/ The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal], translated into English by W. Hollings (1848)
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/psa/ The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal], translated into English by W. Hollings (1848)
⚫
* {{Authority control/VIAF|42018522}}
* Lullov-Lal, The Prem Sagur or the history of Krishnu, according to tho tenth chapter of the Bhaguvut of Vyasudevu, transl. into Hindu from the Bruj Bhasha etc. Calcutta, 1842
* Lullov-Lal, The Prem Sagur or the history of Krishnu, according to tho tenth chapter of the Bhaguvut of Vyasudevu, transl. into Hindu from the Bruj Bhasha etc. Calcutta, 1842

⚫
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Lallu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Lallu}}
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:1763 births]]
[[Category:1763 births]]
[[Category:1835 deaths]]
[[Category:1835 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Hindi–English translators]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]

Latest revision as of 16:16, 28 September 2024

Lallu Lal
Born1763
Agra, Maratha Empire
Died1835 (aged 71-72)
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India
NationalityIndian
Occupation(s)College instructor, translator, author
Notable workPrem Sagar

Lallu Lal (1763–1835) was an academic, author and translator from India. He was an instructor in the Hindustani language at Fort William College in Hastings, Calcutta. He is notable for Prem Sagar, the first work in modern literary Hindi.

Prem Sagar of Lallo Lal, page 1, Sunscrit Press Calcutta, 1810.

Biography

[edit]

Lallu Lal was born into a Gujarati Sahsra Audichya Brahmin family from Agra.[1] He had knowledge of Persian and Hindustani. He came to Murshidabad, Bengal, to earn a living, and served the Nawab of Murshidabad for seven years. He was noticed by John Gilchrist, who brought him to the Fort William College in Calcutta. There, Lallu Lal translated and authored several literary works into modern vernacular Hindi. He retired from the Fort William College in 1823–24 CE, after serving there for 24 years.[2]

Works

[edit]

Lallu Lal's most notable translation is Prem Sagar (1804–1810), the earliest prose in Khari Boli dialect of Hindi. Along with Kazim Ali Javan, he translated Singhasan Battisi and Shakuntala into Hindustani. Along with Mazhar Ali Vila, he also translated Baital Pachisi and Madhunal (1805) into Hindustani.[3]

Lallu Lal's original work included The Grammar of Brij-bhasa (1811), in Urdu script. He also authored Lala Chandrika, a commentary on Bihari's Satasai.[4]

In addition, he compiled Lataif-i-Hindi or The New Cyclopedia Hindoostanica of Wit (1810) in Urdu and Devanagari scripts. It is a collection of around 100 witty stories and anecdotes.[5]

Prem Sagar

[edit]

Prem Sagar or Prem Sagur ("Ocean of Love") was one of the first modern Hindi books that was typeset and published, composed between 1804 and 1810, and published in 1810. A translation of Chaturbhuja Misra's Braj Bhasa book, its story is based on the tenth book of the Bhagavata Purana, the legend of Krishna.[6] Lallu Lal mention that book has been composed in the "Khadi Boli of Delhi-Agra". The language is termed as "translated into Hinduvee from the Brij Bhasha" on the face page.

The earliest Hindustani language literature made heavy use of Persian words, and resembled modern Urdu. Lallu Lal was among the first writers to use words of Indo-Aryan origin in Hindustani language literature. His Prem Sagar is the earliest work, whose language resembles modern Sanskritized Hindi. Linguist Jules Bloch describes the importance of Lallu Lal's work as follows:[7]

Lallu Lal, under the inspiration of Dr. Gilchrist, changed all that by writing the famous Prem Sagar, whose prose portions are on the whole Urdu, from which Persian words have been throughout replaced by Indo-Aryan words… The new dialect gave a lingua franca to the Hindus.

— Jules Bloch

The book was inspired stylistically by the Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā, a 17th-18th century Braj Bhasha text written by Harirāy.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Prem Sagar, Lullo Lal Kub, Sunscrit Press, Calcutta, 1810
  2. ^ Akbar Padamsee; Shamlal (1966). Western Influence in Bengali Literature. Vakil. p. 320.
  3. ^ Thomas Grahame Bailey (2008). A history of Urdu literature. Oxford University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-547518-0.
  4. ^ George Abraham Grierson, ed. (1896). The Satsaiya of Bihari, with a Commentary Entitled the Lala-candrika, by Çri Lallu Lal Kavi. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta.
  5. ^ Abdul Jamil Khan (2006). Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide. Algora Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-87586-437-2.
  6. ^ The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal. Translated by W. Hollings. Ridsdale. 1848. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4655-8069-6.
  7. ^ "03misconceptions". 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023.
  8. ^ Barz, Richard (2018). "Vallabha". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • The Prema-Sâgara or, Ocean of Love. Ed. by Frederick Pincoff. Westminster, Archibald Constable, 1891
  • Théologie hindoue. Le Prem Sagar, océan d’amour. Traduit par Е. Lamairesse II., 1893, Saint-Amand, 1899
  • The Prem Sagar in English. Allahabad, 1900
[edit]
  • The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal
  • The Prem Sagur of Lallu Lal, translated into English by W. Hollings (1848)
  • Lullov-Lal, The Prem Sagur or the history of Krishnu, according to tho tenth chapter of the Bhaguvut of Vyasudevu, transl. into Hindu from the Bruj Bhasha etc. Calcutta, 1842
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