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Coordinates: 52°24′34″N 4°44′56″E / 52.4095°N 4.7490°E / 52.4095; 4.7490
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{{short description|village in North Holland, Netherlands}}
{{Short description|Village in North Holland, Netherlands}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|image_skyline = Ruigoord1.jpg
|image_skyline = Ruigoord1.jpg
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|subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]]
|subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]]
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = [[Noord-Holland]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[North Holland]]
|density =
|density =
|website =
|website =
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}}
}}


'''Ruigoord''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈrœyxoːrt}}) is a village in the Houtrak''polder'' in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province of [[North Holland]], situated within the municipality of [[Amsterdam (municipality)|Amsterdam]]. Until the 1880s, it was an island in the [[IJ (Amsterdam)|IJ bay]], which was turned into a [[land reclamation|polder]]. In the 1960s, the municipality planned to extend the [[Port of Amsterdam]]. From 1972 onwards [[squatters]] occupied buildings and started a free zone. After resisting eviction in 1997, the area was legalized in 2000. The village is nowadays partially closed in by the port, and lies about 8&nbsp;km east of [[Haarlem]].<ref name='ANWB'>''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.</ref>
'''Ruigoord''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈrœyx.oːrt}}) is a village in the Houtrak [[polder]] in [[North Holland]], Netherlands, situated within the municipality of [[Amsterdam (municipality)|Amsterdam]]. Until the 1880s, it was an island in the [[IJ (Amsterdam)|IJ bay]], which was turned into a [[land reclamation|polder]]. In the 1960s, the municipality planned to extend the [[Port of Amsterdam]]. From 1972 onwards [[squatters]] occupied buildings and started a free zone. After resisting eviction in 1997, the area was legalized in 2000. The village is nowadays partially closed in by the port, and lies about 8&nbsp;km (5 miles) east of [[Haarlem]].<ref name='ANWB'>''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.</ref>


==Harbour Project==
==Harbour project==
In 1964, plans were drawn up by the municipality of [[Amsterdam]] to build the {{ill|Africa Harbour|nl|Afrikahaven}} for the [[petrochemical industry]].<ref name="museum">{{cite web|url=https://www.haarlemmermeermuseum.nl/17-ruig |title=Ruigoord|website=Haarlemmermeer Museum|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> The plan included the [[annexation]] of {{convert|600|ha}} of land belonging to [[Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude]], including the village of Ruigoord.<ref name="trans">{{cite news|url=https://www.nieuwsbladtransport.nl/archief/1996/12/31/bewoners-ruigoord-verliezen-gevecht/?gdpr=accept |title=Bewoners Ruigoord verliezen gevecht|website=Nieuwsblad Transport|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> Amsterdam immediately set out to acquire real estate in and around Ruigoord, and started to prepare the farmland for construction.<ref name="museum"/>
In 1964, plans were drawn up by the municipality of [[Amsterdam]] to build the {{ill|Africa Harbour|nl|Afrikahaven}} for the [[petrochemical industry]].<ref name="museum">{{cite web|url=https://www.haarlemmermeermuseum.nl/17-ruig |title=Ruigoord|website=Haarlemmermeer Museum|date=5 September 2019|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> The plan included the [[annexation]] of {{convert|600|ha}} of land belonging to [[Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude]], including the village of Ruigoord.<ref name="trans">{{cite news|url=https://www.nieuwsbladtransport.nl/archief/1996/12/31/bewoners-ruigoord-verliezen-gevecht/?gdpr=accept |title=Bewoners Ruigoord verliezen gevecht|website=Nieuwsblad Transport|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> Amsterdam immediately set out to acquire real estate in and around Ruigoord, and started to prepare the farmland for construction.<ref name="museum"/>


In 1972, a group of artists [[squatting|squat]]ted some abandoned houses.<ref name="Carlisi">{{cite journal |last1=Carlisi |first1=Tina|title=Free Cultural Spaces: Freedom of Expression in Autonomous Geographies |journal=Seismopolite Journal of Art and Politics |date=2018 |volume=20 }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020110053123/http://www.etext.org/Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Autonomous.Left/netherlands.squats.march-1996</ref> In 1973, {{ill|Frank IJsselmuiden|nl}} became mayor of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, and wanted to put the annexation to a vote. The same evening, he received a call from {{ill|Ferdinand Jan Kranenburg|nl|lt=Ferdinand Kranenburg}}, the [[King's commissioner|Queen's Commissioner]] of [[North Holland]] who told him that annexation was a done deal and not open for discussion. A lengthy legal battle between Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude on the one hand, and Amsterdam and the Province of North Holland on the other hand commenced. For strategic reasons, the squatters were encouraged to settle in Ruigoord.<ref name="volk">{{cite news|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/scheidend-burgemeester-van-haarlemmerliede-ruziet-al-bijna-23-jaar-met-buurgemeente-met-amsterdam-zijn-geen-zaken-te-doen~b0d14e2b/ |title=Scheidend burgemeester van Haarlemmerliede ruziet al bijna 23 jaar met buurgemeente Amsterdam|author=Peter van den Berg|date=25 November 1995|website=de Volkskrant|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref>
In 1972, a group of artists [[squatting|squat]]ted some abandoned houses.<ref name="Carlisi">{{cite journal |last1=Carlisi |first1=Tina|title=Free Cultural Spaces: Freedom of Expression in Autonomous Geographies |journal=Seismopolite Journal of Art and Politics |date=2018 |volume=20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etext.org/Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Autonomous.Left/netherlands.squats.march-1996 |title=Archived copy |website=www.etext.org |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020110053123/http://www.etext.org/Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Autonomous.Left/netherlands.squats.march-1996 |archive-date=10 January 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1973, {{ill|Frank IJsselmuiden|nl}} became mayor of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, and wanted to put the annexation to a vote. The same evening, he received a call from {{ill|Ferdinand Jan Kranenburg|nl|lt=Ferdinand Kranenburg}}, the [[King's commissioner|Queen's Commissioner]] of [[North Holland]] who told him that annexation was a done deal and not open for discussion. A lengthy legal battle between Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude on the one hand, and Amsterdam and the Province of North Holland on the other hand commenced. For strategic reasons, the squatters were encouraged to settle in Ruigoord.<ref name="volk">{{cite news|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/scheidend-burgemeester-van-haarlemmerliede-ruziet-al-bijna-23-jaar-met-buurgemeente-met-amsterdam-zijn-geen-zaken-te-doen~b0d14e2b/ |title=Scheidend burgemeester van Haarlemmerliede ruziet al bijna 23 jaar met buurgemeente Amsterdam|author=Peter van den Berg|date=25 November 1995|website=de Volkskrant|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref>


==1973 demolition==
==1973 demolition==
[[File:Ruigoord A.jpg|thumb|left|The church of Ruigoord]]
[[File:Ruigoord A.jpg|thumb|left|The church of Ruigoord]]
The village was scheduled to be demolished on 23 July 1973. On Sunday 22 July 1973, the local priest performed his last [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]],<ref name="ons">{{cite web|url=https://onsamsterdam.nl/overlevingskunstenaars-ruigoord-is-er-nog-steeds-na-50-jaar |author=Renée Karsten|website=Ons Amsterdam|title=Overlevingskunstenaars. Ruigoord is er nog steeds na 50 jaar |access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> and handed the keys of the church to the squatters.<ref name="historiek">{{cite web|url=https://historiek.net/ruigoord-een-plek-voor-de-scharrelmens/22827/ |title=Ruigoord: een plek voor de ‘scharrelmens’|website=Historiek|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> The next day, the road to the village was barricaded, and the squatters led by {{ill|Hans Plomp|nl}} and {{ill|Gerben Hellinga|nl}} successfully managed to stop the demolition crew. The [[1973 oil crisis]] further complicated the Africa Harbour project.<ref name="historiek"/>
The village was scheduled to be demolished on 23 July 1973. On Sunday 22 July 1973, the local priest performed his last [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]],<ref name="ons">{{cite web|url=https://onsamsterdam.nl/overlevingskunstenaars-ruigoord-is-er-nog-steeds-na-50-jaar |author=Renée Karsten|website=Ons Amsterdam|title=Overlevingskunstenaars. Ruigoord is er nog steeds na 50 jaar |access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> and handed the keys of the church to the squatters.<ref name="historiek">{{cite web|url=https://historiek.net/ruigoord-een-plek-voor-de-scharrelmens/22827/ |title=Ruigoord: een plek voor de 'scharrelmens'|website=Historiek|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl}}</ref> The next day, the road to the village was barricaded, and the squatters led by [[Hans Plomp]] and {{ill|Gerben Hellinga|nl}} successfully managed to stop the demolition crew. The [[1973 oil crisis]] further complicated the Africa Harbour project.<ref name="historiek"/>


Ruigoord became a free zone and started to attract artists like [[Simon Vinkenoog]]. It also became known for its drugs.<ref name="ons"/> In 1984, Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude tried to change the village into a "green zone" where industry is not allowed, but the plans were blocked by the Province.<ref name="historiek"/> In November 1995, mayor IJsselmuiden accepted an offer to become mayor of [[Edam-Volendam]]. His main reason for resigning was the tiresome 22-year legal battle with Amsterdam.<ref name="volk"/>
Ruigoord became a free zone and started to attract artists like [[Simon Vinkenoog]]. It also became known for its drugs.<ref name="ons"/> In 1984, Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude tried to change the village into a "green zone" where industry is not allowed, but the plans were blocked by the Province.<ref name="historiek"/> In November 1995, mayor IJsselmuiden accepted an offer to become mayor of [[Edam-Volendam]]. His main reason for resigning was the tiresome 22-year legal battle with Amsterdam.<ref name="volk"/>
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==Annexation==
==Annexation==
[[File:Actievoerders, met een arm vergrendeld in het wegdek, blokkeren de oprukkende Mobiele Eenheid tijdens de ontruiming van Ruigoord. NL-HlmNHA 54037155.JPG|thumb|1997 police action]]
[[File:Actievoerders, met een arm vergrendeld in het wegdek, blokkeren de oprukkende Mobiele Eenheid tijdens de ontruiming van Ruigoord. NL-HlmNHA 54037155.JPG|thumb|1997 police action]]
On 1 January 1997, Amsterdam annexed Ruigoord.<ref name="trans"/> The squatters decided to continue their fight against the harbour, and started the Groenoord plan to turn the village into an ecological zone.<ref name="ons"/> On 7 October 1997, 200 policemen of the {{ill|Mobiele Eenheid|nl}}, the Dutch riot squat, were sent into Ruigoord to remove the squatters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/wonderlijk-rustige-en-vreedzame-ontruiming-van-ruigoord~bd28537e/ |title=Wonderlijk rustige en vreedzame ontruiming van Ruigoord |website=Trouw|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl|date=7 October 1997}}</ref> The entire area, except for the village, was flattened and prepared for construction by the Port of Amsterdam. The legal battle advanced all the way to [[Court of Justice of the European Union]].<ref name="ons"/>
On 1 January 1997, Amsterdam annexed Ruigoord.<ref name="trans"/> The squatters decided to continue their fight against the harbour, and started the Groenoord plan to turn the village into an ecological zone.<ref name="ons"/> On 7 October 1997, 200 policemen of the {{ill|Mobiele Eenheid|nl}}, the Dutch riot squad, were sent into Ruigoord to remove the squatters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/wonderlijk-rustige-en-vreedzame-ontruiming-van-ruigoord~bd28537e/ |title=Wonderlijk rustige en vreedzame ontruiming van Ruigoord |website=Trouw|access-date=26 March 2021|language=nl|date=7 October 1997}}</ref> The entire area, except for the village, was flattened and prepared for construction by the Port of Amsterdam. The legal battle advanced all the way to [[Court of Justice of the European Union]].<ref name="ons"/>


In 2000, a compromise was reached. The village of Ruigoord was allowed to exist as an [[enclave]] within the harbour. Initially, Amsterdam did not want to allow residency in the village.<ref name="historiek"/>
In 2000, a compromise was reached. The village of Ruigoord was allowed to exist as an [[enclave]] within the harbour. Initially, Amsterdam did not want to allow residency in the village.<ref name="historiek"/>
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==Current situation==
==Current situation==
[[File:Ruigoordfromsky2a.jpg|thumb|left|Ruigoord as an enclave in the harbour.]]
[[File:Ruigoordfromsky2a.jpg|thumb|left|Ruigoord as an enclave in the harbour.]]
Ruigoord exists as a squatted zone to this day, but it is now legalized. [[Full moon#In folklore and tradition|Full moon]] parties are regularly organised in the formerly Roman Catholic village church and every year there is the ''Landjuweel'' (Land Jewel) festival in August.<ref>[http://ruigoord.nl/evenementen/landjuweel-2015/ Landjuweel 2015]. Retrieved 8 October 2015</ref>
Ruigoord exists as a squatted zone to this day, but it is now legalized. [[Full moon#In folklore and tradition|Full moon]] parties are regularly organised in the formerly Roman Catholic village church and every year there is the ''[[Landjuweel]]'' (Land Jewel) festival in August.<ref>[http://ruigoord.nl/evenementen/landjuweel-2015/ Landjuweel 2015]. Retrieved 8 October 2015</ref>


Since the early 2000s, the village has staged an annual poetry festival over the [[Whitsun]] weekend, ''Vurige tongen'' (Fiery Tongues). One of the festival's three days is always devoted to international poets. From 2003 on, a yearly Ruigoord Trophy has been awarded to individuals who have selflessly dedicated themselves to maintaining the village as an important cultural stronghold. The first such trophy was presented to [[Simon Vinkenoog]]. Three notable non-Dutch trophy holders are the late American poet and photographer [[Ira Cohen]], the Canada-born writer Jordan Zinovich, and the Amsterdam-based American poet and writer [[Eddie Woods]].
Since the early 2000s, the village has staged an annual poetry festival over the [[Whitsun]] weekend, ''Vurige tongen'' (Fiery Tongues). One of the festival's three days is always devoted to international poets. From 2003 on, a yearly Ruigoord Trophy has been awarded to individuals who have selflessly dedicated themselves to maintaining the village as an important cultural stronghold. The first such trophy was presented to [[Simon Vinkenoog]]. Three notable non-Dutch trophy holders are the late American poet and photographer [[Ira Cohen]], the Canada-born writer Jordan Zinovich, and the Amsterdam-based American poet and writer [[Eddie Woods]].
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{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ruigoord.nl/ Official site of Ruigoord]
* [http://www.ruigoord.nl/ Official site of Ruigoord]
* [http://www.ruigoord.tv/ Video about Ruigoord]
* [http://www.ruigoord.tv/ Video about Ruigoord] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007115349/http://www.ruigoord.tv/ |date=2007-10-07 }}
* [https://soundcloud.com/les-biftecs/arabic-flies Live Recording of a band (Les Bif-Tecs) playing at the Landjuweel festival]
* [https://soundcloud.com/les-biftecs/arabic-flies Live Recording of a band (Les Bif-Tecs) playing at the Landjuweel festival]


Latest revision as of 20:19, 28 September 2024

Ruigoord
Ruigoord in 2007
Ruigoord in 2007
Ruigoord in the municipality of Amsterdam
Ruigoord in the municipality of Amsterdam
Coordinates: 52°24′34″N 4°44′56″E / 52.4095°N 4.7490°E / 52.4095; 4.7490
CountryNetherlands
ProvinceNorth Holland
MunicipalityAmsterdam

Ruigoord (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrœyx.oːrt]) is a village in the Houtrak polder in North Holland, Netherlands, situated within the municipality of Amsterdam. Until the 1880s, it was an island in the IJ bay, which was turned into a polder. In the 1960s, the municipality planned to extend the Port of Amsterdam. From 1972 onwards squatters occupied buildings and started a free zone. After resisting eviction in 1997, the area was legalized in 2000. The village is nowadays partially closed in by the port, and lies about 8 km (5 miles) east of Haarlem.[1]

Harbour project

[edit]

In 1964, plans were drawn up by the municipality of Amsterdam to build the Africa Harbour [nl] for the petrochemical industry.[2] The plan included the annexation of 600 hectares (1,500 acres) of land belonging to Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, including the village of Ruigoord.[3] Amsterdam immediately set out to acquire real estate in and around Ruigoord, and started to prepare the farmland for construction.[2]

In 1972, a group of artists squatted some abandoned houses.[4][5] In 1973, Frank IJsselmuiden [nl] became mayor of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, and wanted to put the annexation to a vote. The same evening, he received a call from Ferdinand Kranenburg [nl], the Queen's Commissioner of North Holland who told him that annexation was a done deal and not open for discussion. A lengthy legal battle between Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude on the one hand, and Amsterdam and the Province of North Holland on the other hand commenced. For strategic reasons, the squatters were encouraged to settle in Ruigoord.[6]

1973 demolition

[edit]
The church of Ruigoord

The village was scheduled to be demolished on 23 July 1973. On Sunday 22 July 1973, the local priest performed his last mass,[7] and handed the keys of the church to the squatters.[8] The next day, the road to the village was barricaded, and the squatters led by Hans Plomp and Gerben Hellinga [nl] successfully managed to stop the demolition crew. The 1973 oil crisis further complicated the Africa Harbour project.[8]

Ruigoord became a free zone and started to attract artists like Simon Vinkenoog. It also became known for its drugs.[7] In 1984, Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude tried to change the village into a "green zone" where industry is not allowed, but the plans were blocked by the Province.[8] In November 1995, mayor IJsselmuiden accepted an offer to become mayor of Edam-Volendam. His main reason for resigning was the tiresome 22-year legal battle with Amsterdam.[6]

Annexation

[edit]
1997 police action

On 1 January 1997, Amsterdam annexed Ruigoord.[3] The squatters decided to continue their fight against the harbour, and started the Groenoord plan to turn the village into an ecological zone.[7] On 7 October 1997, 200 policemen of the Mobiele Eenheid [nl], the Dutch riot squad, were sent into Ruigoord to remove the squatters.[9] The entire area, except for the village, was flattened and prepared for construction by the Port of Amsterdam. The legal battle advanced all the way to Court of Justice of the European Union.[7]

In 2000, a compromise was reached. The village of Ruigoord was allowed to exist as an enclave within the harbour. Initially, Amsterdam did not want to allow residency in the village.[8]

Current situation

[edit]
Ruigoord as an enclave in the harbour.

Ruigoord exists as a squatted zone to this day, but it is now legalized. Full moon parties are regularly organised in the formerly Roman Catholic village church and every year there is the Landjuweel (Land Jewel) festival in August.[10]

Since the early 2000s, the village has staged an annual poetry festival over the Whitsun weekend, Vurige tongen (Fiery Tongues). One of the festival's three days is always devoted to international poets. From 2003 on, a yearly Ruigoord Trophy has been awarded to individuals who have selflessly dedicated themselves to maintaining the village as an important cultural stronghold. The first such trophy was presented to Simon Vinkenoog. Three notable non-Dutch trophy holders are the late American poet and photographer Ira Cohen, the Canada-born writer Jordan Zinovich, and the Amsterdam-based American poet and writer Eddie Woods.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.
  2. ^ a b "Ruigoord". Haarlemmermeer Museum (in Dutch). 5 September 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Bewoners Ruigoord verliezen gevecht". Nieuwsblad Transport (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  4. ^ Carlisi, Tina (2018). "Free Cultural Spaces: Freedom of Expression in Autonomous Geographies". Seismopolite Journal of Art and Politics. 20.
  5. ^ "Archived copy". www.etext.org. Archived from the original on 10 January 2002. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ a b Peter van den Berg (25 November 1995). "Scheidend burgemeester van Haarlemmerliede ruziet al bijna 23 jaar met buurgemeente Amsterdam". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d Renée Karsten. "Overlevingskunstenaars. Ruigoord is er nog steeds na 50 jaar". Ons Amsterdam (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d "Ruigoord: een plek voor de 'scharrelmens'". Historiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  9. ^ "Wonderlijk rustige en vreedzame ontruiming van Ruigoord". Trouw (in Dutch). 7 October 1997. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  10. ^ Landjuweel 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015
[edit]
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