František Bílek: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Czech architect, graphic and sculptor}} |
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'''František Bílek''' (6 November 1872, [[Chýnov]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 23.08.01 |url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=4227&page=138&r=0 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz}}</ref> – 13 October 1941, Chýnov) was a [[Czech people|Czech]] sculptor and architect, in the [[Art Nouveau]] and [[Symbolism (movement)|Symbolist]] styles. |
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==Biography== |
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'''František Bílek''' (November 6, 1872, Chýnov, near [[Tábor]] – October 13, 1941, Chýnov) was a famous [[Czech people|Czech]] [[Art Nouveau]] and [[Symbolist]] [[sculptor]] and [[architect]]. |
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His father was a [[wheelwright]]. He graduated from primary school in [[Tábor]], then went to study painting with Professor [[Maxmilián Pirner]] at the [[Academy of Fine Arts Prague]]. As it turned out, he was [[color blind]] so, on the advice of his teachers, he transferred to the State Industrial School, where he studied sculpture with [[Josef Mauder]]. His younger brother, {{ill|Antonín Bílek|cs|lt=Antonín}}, would also become a sculptor. |
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[[File:Pomník Jana Husa v Táboře.jpg|thumb|left|275px|Monument to Jan Hus, Tábor]] |
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In 1891, he received a scholarship from a patron, the businessman {{ill|Vojtěch Lanna mladší|cs|lt=Vojtěch Lanna}}, which enabled him to study in Paris at the [[Académie Colarossi]], with [[Jean Antoine Injalbert]]. He soon became part of a group of Czech artists living there, including [[Alfons Mucha]]. His initial works were inspired by his religious feelings. They included a "[[Golgotha]], Mountain of Skulls", and one titled "Plowing is Our Penalty for Guilt". These were not well received by the scholarship commission in Prague, headed by [[Josef Václav Myslbek]], who said the scholarship had been wasted.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} His patron, Lanna, was also displeased and withdrew his funding. |
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After completing a year of military service, he returned to Chýnov in 1893 and set up his own workshop. In 1898, he built a home, of his own design, which included a larger studio. He worked alone, belonging to no associations or commissions. In 1902 he married Berta Nečasová and, shortly after, moved to Prague. There, he became a member of the [[Mánes Union of Fine Arts]]. When the old city walls were demolished, he bought some land in the [[Hradčany]] district where, in 1911, he designed and built the [[Villa Bílek]]; set freely in a natural environment. |
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Bílek attended the ''Akademie výtvarných umění'' (AVU) in Prague. Due to his apparent colour-blindness he moved to [[Josef Mauder]] one year later (1888) and started to study sculpture. Given a scholarship offered by patron Vojtěch Lanna, he spent one year in Paris at the [[Académie Colarossi]]. After that, he lived in turns in [[Prague]] and in [[Chýnov]]. He was a member of the [[Mánes Union of Fine Arts]] from 1898 to 1912. |
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His relationship to [[Catholicism]], though deep, had always been fraught with disagreements. In 1921, he and his family converted to the [[Czechoslovak Hussite Church]]. Over the following years, he designed numerous ceremonial objects and small sculptures for various congregations.<ref>''Sbory církve československé husitské - architektonické dědictví našich regionů'', ÚR CČSH, 2018 pp.66-70 {{ISBN|978-80-7000-206-3}}</ref> In 1928, he created a monument to [[Jan Hus]] in Tábor. |
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His works often reflect [[Biblical]] themes or have religious connotations. Though it was never completed, Bílek also worked on his ''[[National Monument (Bílek)|National Monument]]'' reflecting Czech [[Hussite]] history and its perceived end at [[Battle of White Mountain|White Mountain]]. |
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In the early 1930s, his health went into a serious decline. Following the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|German occupation of Prague]], he and his family returned to Chýnov. He is buried in the local cemetery, with one of his own statues ("Prayer Over the Graves", 1905) serving as a monument. |
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He built [[Villa Bílek|his own villa]] in [[Hradčany]] which he requested be turned into a museum of his works after his death. |
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In his will, he expressed the wish that his villa be used for a museum. In 1963, his widow Berta made a formal donation of the property.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Today, there is a permanent exhibition operated by the {{ill|Galerie hlavního města Prahy|cs|lt=Gallery of the Capital City}}. The family home in Chýnov was donated by his granddaughter, Alena, and has also been devoted to his works. The façade is decorated with his [[relief]]s, accompanied by mystical texts. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* Vilém Nečas, ''Bílek: The Testimony of Brother František'', Malvern, 2015 {{ISBN|978-80-7530-026-3}} |
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* Martin Jindra: "František Bílek a jeho rodina v Církvi československé". In: ''Víra a umění Františka Bílka'', CČSH ve spolupráci s Kulturní radou a LHODR, 2012, pp. 35–76 {{ISBN|978-80-7000-077-9}} |
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* Martin Jindra, "Macešský život hostií podle návrhu Františka Bílka v Církvi československé husitské", In: ''Theologická revue'', 2020, Vol.91, #1, pp. 70–79. |
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* Milena Mikulecká (Ed.): ''František Bílek v Církvi československé husitské'', ÚR CČSH, 2000 |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?ccl_term=wau=jk01012048+or+wkw=jk01012048&func=find-c&local_base=skc Works by and about Bílek] @ the [[National Library of the Czech Republic]] |
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* [https://cs.isabart.org/person/2815 Biographical notes and works] @ AbART |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140716030436/http://www.mc-galerie.cz/admin/files/archiv/pdf/Bilek-Frantisek.pdf Inventory of works] @ the [[National Gallery, Prague|National Gallery]] |
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*[http://sechtl-vosecek.ucw.cz/en/cml/dir/bilek.html Historical photographs in the Šechtl & Voseček family archives] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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*[http://www.ghmp.cz/a_vila.php Guide to Bílek's villa]. |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Bilek, Frantisek |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = November 6, 1872 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = October 13, 1941 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilek, Frantisek}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilek, Frantisek}} |
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[[Category:1872 births]] |
[[Category:1872 births]] |
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[[Category:1941 deaths]] |
[[Category:1941 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:People from Chýnov]] |
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[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Bohemia]] |
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[[Category:Czech male sculptors]] |
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[[Category:Czech architects]] |
[[Category:Czech architects]] |
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[[Category:Art Nouveau architects]] |
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[[Category:Art Nouveau sculptors]] |
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{{CzechRepublic-architect-stub}} |
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[[Category:Symbolist sculptors]] |
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{{CzechRepublic-sculptor-stub}} |
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[[Category:20th-century Czech sculptors]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Czech male artists]] |
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[[bg:Франтишек Билек]] |
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[[Category:Académie Colarossi alumni]] |
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[[cs:František Bílek]] |
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[[de:František Bílek]] |
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[[eo:František Bílek]] |
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[[fr:František Bílek]] |
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[[pl:František Bílek]] |
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[[ru:Билек, Франтишек]] |
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[[sv:František Bílek]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:16, 29 September 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
František Bílek (6 November 1872, Chýnov[1] – 13 October 1941, Chýnov) was a Czech sculptor and architect, in the Art Nouveau and Symbolist styles.
Biography
[edit]His father was a wheelwright. He graduated from primary school in Tábor, then went to study painting with Professor Maxmilián Pirner at the Academy of Fine Arts Prague. As it turned out, he was color blind so, on the advice of his teachers, he transferred to the State Industrial School, where he studied sculpture with Josef Mauder. His younger brother, Antonín, would also become a sculptor.
In 1891, he received a scholarship from a patron, the businessman Vojtěch Lanna, which enabled him to study in Paris at the Académie Colarossi, with Jean Antoine Injalbert. He soon became part of a group of Czech artists living there, including Alfons Mucha. His initial works were inspired by his religious feelings. They included a "Golgotha, Mountain of Skulls", and one titled "Plowing is Our Penalty for Guilt". These were not well received by the scholarship commission in Prague, headed by Josef Václav Myslbek, who said the scholarship had been wasted.[citation needed] His patron, Lanna, was also displeased and withdrew his funding.
After completing a year of military service, he returned to Chýnov in 1893 and set up his own workshop. In 1898, he built a home, of his own design, which included a larger studio. He worked alone, belonging to no associations or commissions. In 1902 he married Berta Nečasová and, shortly after, moved to Prague. There, he became a member of the Mánes Union of Fine Arts. When the old city walls were demolished, he bought some land in the Hradčany district where, in 1911, he designed and built the Villa Bílek; set freely in a natural environment.
His relationship to Catholicism, though deep, had always been fraught with disagreements. In 1921, he and his family converted to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. Over the following years, he designed numerous ceremonial objects and small sculptures for various congregations.[2] In 1928, he created a monument to Jan Hus in Tábor.
In the early 1930s, his health went into a serious decline. Following the German occupation of Prague, he and his family returned to Chýnov. He is buried in the local cemetery, with one of his own statues ("Prayer Over the Graves", 1905) serving as a monument.
In his will, he expressed the wish that his villa be used for a museum. In 1963, his widow Berta made a formal donation of the property.[citation needed] Today, there is a permanent exhibition operated by the Gallery of the Capital City. The family home in Chýnov was donated by his granddaughter, Alena, and has also been devoted to his works. The façade is decorated with his reliefs, accompanied by mystical texts.
References
[edit]- ^ "DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 23.08.01". digi.ceskearchivy.cz. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
- ^ Sbory církve československé husitské - architektonické dědictví našich regionů, ÚR CČSH, 2018 pp.66-70 ISBN 978-80-7000-206-3
Further reading
[edit]- Vilém Nečas, Bílek: The Testimony of Brother František, Malvern, 2015 ISBN 978-80-7530-026-3
- Martin Jindra: "František Bílek a jeho rodina v Církvi československé". In: Víra a umění Františka Bílka, CČSH ve spolupráci s Kulturní radou a LHODR, 2012, pp. 35–76 ISBN 978-80-7000-077-9
- Martin Jindra, "Macešský život hostií podle návrhu Františka Bílka v Církvi československé husitské", In: Theologická revue, 2020, Vol.91, #1, pp. 70–79.
- Milena Mikulecká (Ed.): František Bílek v Církvi československé husitské, ÚR CČSH, 2000
External links
[edit]
- Radio Prague, "Frantisek Bilek - visionary sculptor, mystic, architect" by Jan Velinger
- Works by and about Bílek @ the National Library of the Czech Republic
- Biographical notes and works @ AbART
- Inventory of works @ the National Gallery
- Historical photographs in the Šechtl & Voseček family archives
