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{{other uses|Samoyed (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Samoyed (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Samoyedic map XVII-XX.png|thumb|300px|Geographical distribution of Samoyedic-speaking peoples in the 17th (hatched area) and 20th (solid color) centuries]]
[[File:Samoyedic map XVII-XX.png|thumb|300px|Geographical distribution of Samoyedic-speaking peoples in the 17th (hatched area) and 20th (solid color) centuries]]

The '''Samoyedic peoples''' (sometimes '''Samodeic peoples'''){{efn|''Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic peoples' instead 'Samoyedic', see {{cite book |title=The Tenacity of Ethnicity |last=Balzer |first=Marjorie |year=1999 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-00673-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0 |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0/page/241 241]}}}} are a group of closely related peoples who speak [[Samoyedic languages]], which are part of the [[Uralic languages|Uralic family]]. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term ''Samoyed'' used in [[Russian Empire]] for some [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia|Indigenous people of Siberia]], see [[Samoyedic languages#Etymology]] for comments of the etymology.
The '''Samoyedic peoples''' (sometimes '''Samodeic peoples'''){{efn|''Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic peoples' instead 'Samoyedic', see {{cite book|title=The Tenacity of Ethnicity|last=Balzer|first=Marjorie|year=1999|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-00673-4|url=https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0/page/241 241]}}}} are a group of closely related peoples who speak [[Samoyedic languages]], which are part of the [[Uralic languages|Uralic family]]. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term ''Samoyed'' used in [[Russian Empire]] for some of the [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia]], see [[Samoyedic languages#Etymology]] for comments of the etymology.

==Peoples==
==Peoples==

===Contemporary===
===Contemporary===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 14: Line 17:
|-
|-
|[[Nenets people|Nenets]]
|[[Nenets people|Nenets]]
|[[Nenets language|Nenets]]
|[[Nenets languages|Nenets]]
|45,000
|45,000
|[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
Line 40: Line 43:
[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
|[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
⚫
|
|-
|-
|[[Kamasins]]
|[[Kamasins]]
|[[Kamassian language|Kamassian]]
|[[Kamassian language|Kamassian]] (extinct)
|20<ref name="УТП">{{Cite web |title=Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края |url=http://adm-sayany.ru/up/%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%9F%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%20%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%202021.doc |access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref>{{Efn|0,5% of the population of Sayansky District (21 ppl) are declared as Kamasins and their descendants by the district administration in the official tourist guide (2021).|name=2}}
|20<ref name="УТП">{{cite web|title=Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края|url=http://adm-sayany.ru/up/%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%9F%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%20%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%202021.doc|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref>{{Efn|0,2% of the population of Sayansky District (21 ppl) are declared as Kamasins and their descendants by the district administration in the official tourist guide (2021).|name=}}
|[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
|[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
⚫
|
|
|
|}
|}


===Extinct===
===Extinct===
*[[Yurats]], who spoke [[Yurats language|Yurats]]<ref name=UNESCORedBook>[http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages]</ref>
* [[Yurats]], who spoke [[Yurats language|Yurats]]<ref name=UNESCORedBook>[http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages]</ref>
*[[Mator language|Mators]] or Motors, who spoke [[Mator language|Mator]]<ref name=UNESCORedBook/>
* [[Mator language|Mators]] or Motors, who spoke [[Mator language|Mator]]<ref name=UNESCORedBook/><!--
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="1" |People
! colspan="1" |Language
! data-sort-type="number" |Extinct
! colspan="1" |Most important territory
! colspan="1" |Other traditional territories
|-
|[[Yurats]]
|[[Yurats language|Yurats]]
⚫
|
⚫
|
|
|-
|[[Mator language|Mators]]/Motors
|[[Mator language|Mator]]
|1839
|
|
|}-->


==Comments==
==Comments==
Traditionally, Samoyedic languages and peoples have been divided into two major areal groups: Northern Samoyedic (Nenets, Yurats, Enets, Nganasans), and Southern Samoyedic (Selkups) with a further subgroup of Sayan-Samoyedic (Kamasins, Mators) named after the [[Sayan Mountains]]. This classification does not reflect linguistic relations, being purely geographical, based on the fact that the two groups were separated by a belt of the land of [[Ugric peoples]].
Traditionally, Samoyedic languages and peoples have been divided into two major areal groups: Northern Samoyedic (Nenets, Yurats, Enets, Nganasans), and Southern Samoyedic (Selkups) with a further subgroup of Sayan-Samoyedic (Kamasins, Mators) named after the [[Sayan Mountains]]. This classification does not reflect linguistic relations, being purely geographical.


The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Yamalo-Nenetsia]] and [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Nenetsia]]. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the [[Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District]]. Most of the Selkups live in [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Yamalo-Nenetsia]], but there is also a significant population in [[Tomsk Oblast]].
The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Yamalo-Nenetsia]] and [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Nenetsia]]. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the [[Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District]]. Most of the Selkups live in [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Yamalo-Nenetsia]], but there is also a significant population in [[Tomsk Oblast]].


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

===Historical puctures===
===Historical pictures===
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:058 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in summer dress, in 1781, by [[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]
File:058 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in summer dress, in 1781, by [[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]
File:057 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in 1781 by [[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]
File:057 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in 1781 by [[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]
File:Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd (NYPL b14140320-1638306) (cropped).jpg|Habit of a Samoyed woman and child in 1768, by [[Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-7ef6-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 |title=Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd. |website=[[New York Public Library]] Digital Collections website }}</ref>
File:Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd (NYPL b14140320-1638306) (cropped).jpg|Habit of a Samoyed woman and child in 1768, by [[Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-7ef6-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99|title=Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd.|website=[[New York Public Library]] Digital Collections website}}</ref>
Image:Samojede_in_Winterdress.jpg|Samoyed winter dress (before 1906)
File:Samojede_in_Winterdress.jpg|Samoyed winter dress (before 1906)
Image:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|A reindeer herd in [[Kolguyev Island]] in 1895.
File:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|A reindeer herd in [[Kolguyev Island]] in 1895.
</gallery>
</gallery>


===Modern===
===Modern===
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:P253b Group of Yenisei Samoyedes at Sumarokova.jpg|Yenisei Samoyedes (Enets people) around a campfire (1914)
File:P253b Group of Yenisei Samoyedes at Sumarokova.jpg|Yenisei Samoyedes (Enets people) around a campfire (1914)
File:Ngasani.jpg|Nganasans, 1927
File:Ngasani.jpg|Nganasans, 1927
File:Dentedie from Taimyr (43768724740).jpg|Nganasan folkloric group, 2018
File:Dentedie from Taimyr (43768724740).jpg|Nganasan folkloric group, 2018
File:No-nb bldsa 3f048 Nentser (folkegruppe) kvinner og barn foran inngangen til teltet sitt. (6435260555).jpg|Nenets group, 1913
File:No-nb bldsa 3f048 Nentser (folkegruppe) kvinner og barn foran inngangen til teltet sitt. (6435260555).jpg|Nenets group, 1913
Image:Nenets.jpg|[[Nenets people|Nenets]] family
File:Nenets.jpg|[[Nenets people|Nenets]] family
File:Самая лучшая фотография 2.jpg|Nenets children, 2016
File:Самая лучшая фотография 2.jpg|Nenets children, 2016
File:Selkup man.jpg|A Selkup man
File:Selkups.jpg|Northern Selkups, 2012
File:Selkups.jpg|Selkups, 2012
File:MoWm9cA3slY.jpg|Kamasin family, 1925
File:MoWm9cA3slY.jpg|Kamasin family, 1925
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Samoyed dog]]
* [[Samoyed dog]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Notelist}}

==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Samoyedic Peoples}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Samoyedic Peoples}}
[[Category:Samoyedic peoples| ]]
[[Category:Samoyedic peoples| ]]



{{ethno-stub}}
{{ethno-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:08, 29 September 2024

For other uses, see Samoyed (disambiguation).
Geographical distribution of Samoyedic-speaking peoples in the 17th (hatched area) and 20th (solid color) centuries

The Samoyedic peoples (sometimes Samodeic peoples)[a] are a group of closely related peoples who speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed used in Russian Empire for some of the Indigenous peoples of Siberia, see Samoyedic languages#Etymology for comments of the etymology.

Peoples

[edit]

Contemporary

[edit]
People Language Numbers[1] Most important territory Other traditional territories
Nenets Nenets 45,000 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Enets Enets 200–300 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Nganasans Nganasan 900–1000 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Selkups Selkup 3,700 Tomsk Oblast

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Kamasins Kamassian (extinct) 20[2][b] Krasnoyarsk Krai

Extinct

[edit]

Comments

[edit]

Traditionally, Samoyedic languages and peoples have been divided into two major areal groups: Northern Samoyedic (Nenets, Yurats, Enets, Nganasans), and Southern Samoyedic (Selkups) with a further subgroup of Sayan-Samoyedic (Kamasins, Mators) named after the Sayan Mountains. This classification does not reflect linguistic relations, being purely geographical.

The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District. Most of the Selkups live in Yamalo-Nenetsia, but there is also a significant population in Tomsk Oblast.

[edit]

Historical pictures

[edit]

Modern

[edit]
  • Yenisei Samoyedes (Enets people) around a campfire (1914)
    Yenisei Samoyedes (Enets people) around a campfire (1914)
  • Nganasans, 1927
    Nganasans, 1927
  • Nganasan folkloric group, 2018
    Nganasan folkloric group, 2018
  • Nenets group, 1913
    Nenets group, 1913
  • Nenets family
    Nenets family
  • Nenets children, 2016
    Nenets children, 2016
  • Northern Selkups, 2012
    Northern Selkups, 2012
  • Kamasin family, 1925
    Kamasin family, 1925

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic peoples' instead 'Samoyedic', see Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4.
  2. ^ 0,2% of the population of Sayansky District (21 ppl) are declared as Kamasins and their descendants by the district administration in the official tourist guide (2021).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544
  2. ^ "Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края". Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  3. ^ a b Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages
  4. ^ "Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd". New York Public Library Digital Collections website.
[edit]
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