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{{Infobox venue
{{Infobox venue
| name = The Buffalo Bar
| name = The Buffalo Bar
| image = Buffalo Bar exterior.jpg
| location = 259 Upper Street,<br /> [[Islington]]<br />[[London]], {{postcode|N|1}}<br />United Kingdom
| location = 259 [[Upper Street]],<br /> [[Islington]]<br />London, {{postcode|N|1}}<br />United Kingdom
| opened = April 2000
| opened = April 2000
| closed = December 2014
| closed = December 2014
Line 9: Line 12:
}}
}}


'''The Buffalo Bar''' was a notable music and arts venue, and creative hub, located at 259 [[Upper Street]], [[Highbury Corner]], [[London Borough of Islington]], [[UK]], from 2000 until 2014.
'''The Buffalo Bar''' was a music and arts venue located at 259 [[Upper Street]], [[Highbury Corner]], Islington, from 2000 until 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/news-buffalo-bar-to-close-its-doors/|title=NEWS: Buffalo Bar to Close its Doors|website=Faroutmagazine.co.uk|date=13 November 2014}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The venue was situated beneath The Famous Cock Tavern, adjacent to [[Highbury and Islington tube station|Highbury & Islington station]]. The basement at 259 Upper Street had previously been a branch of Po Na Na nightclub,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uklodging.com/clubs.php|title=UK Lodging – Clubs – Accommodation and Hostels in London|website=Uklodging.com}}</ref> and before that, Club Down Under.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allinlondon.co.uk/clubs_bars/venue-1691.php|title=The Famous Cock Tavern, 259 Upper Street, Islington, London, N1 1RU - London Public Houses & Inns - All in London|website=AllinLondon.co.uk|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> The Buffalo Bar opened in 2000 and hosted performances by a large number of notable [[alternative rock|alternative]] and [[indie rock]] artists. [[Image:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|thumb|290px|[[Bis (Scottish band)|Bis]] performing at the Buffalo Bar in 2012.]]
259 Upper Street had previously been a branch of Po Na Na nightclub.<ref>http://www.uklodging.com/clubs.php</ref> The Buffalo Bar opened in 2000 and saw performances by a large number of notable [[alternative rock| alternative]] and [[indie rock]] artists, including [[The Libertines]], [[Keane (band)|Keane]], [[Hot Chip]], [[Bloc Party]], [[The Kooks]], [[Art Brut]], [[The Pains Of Being Pure At Heart]], [[Friendly Fires]], [[Two Door Cinema Club]], [[Martha Wainwright]], [[Stereolab]], [[Futureheads]], [[Bombay Bicycle Club]], [[The Long Blondes]], [[The Magic Numbers]], [[Ed Harcourt]], [[The Zutons]], [[Oneida (band)|Oneida]], [[Part Chimp]], [[Electrelane]], and [[The Joy Formidable]],<ref>http://www.islingtontribune.com/news/2014/nov/5000-sign-petition-save-highbury-corner-music-bar-hosted-libertines-and-subways</ref> as well as [[We Are The Physics]], [[Hope of the States]], [[The Horrors]], [[Foals (band)|Foals]], [[Desperate Journalist]], [[Sleaford Mods]], [[Thee Faction]], [[Male Bonding (band)|Male Bonding]], [[Brian Jonestown Massacre]], [[Colour Me Wednesday]], [[Chris T-T]], [[Spearmint (band)|Spearmint]], [[The Cravats]], [[Shrag]], [[Savages (band)|Savages]], [[The Tuts]], [[Factory Floor]], [[Fat White Family]], [[The Homosexuals]] and others.<ref>http://www.songkick.com/venues/17747-buffalo-bar/gigography</ref> Promotional videos were also filmed at the venue including for [[Comet Gain]] and [[The Ethical Debating Society]].


As well as live concerts the venue hosted a number of club nights, including The Cave Club,<ref>https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/the-cave-club-13</ref> Great Big Kiss,<ref>https://www.soul-source.co.uk/soulforum/calendar/event/37102-great-big-kiss-in-london/</ref> Afro Cuban Lounge,<ref>https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/afro-cuban-lounge-4</ref> [[How Does It Feel to Be Loved?]],<ref>http://www.howdoesitfeel.co.uk/hdifatbuffalobar.html</ref> Twee As Fuck,<ref>http://www.clashmusic.com/live/twee-as-fck-finale</ref> [[Artrocker]],<ref>http://artrockermagazine.com/a-short-history-of-artrocker-live/</ref> [[Guided Missile]]<ref>https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/guided-missile</ref> and Indieoke.<ref>https://www.allinlondon.co.uk/whats-on.php?event=49502</ref>
As well as live concerts the venue hosted a number of club nights, including The Cave Club,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/the-cave-club-13|title=The Cave Club|work=Time Out|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> Great Big Kiss,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soul-source.co.uk/soulforum/calendar/event/37102-great-big-kiss-in-london/|title=Great Big Kiss in London|website=Soul-source.co.uk}}</ref> Afro Cuban Lounge,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/afro-cuban-lounge-4|title=Afro-Cuban Lounge at Buffalo Bar – Freestyle and global beats|work=Time Out|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> [[How Does It Feel to Be Loved?]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howdoesitfeel.co.uk/hdifatbuffalobar.html|title=HOW DOES IT FEEL TO BE LOVED? returns to the Buffalo Bar|publisher=How Does It Feel To be Loved|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> Twee As Fuck,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/live/twee-as-fck-finale|title=Twee As F*ck Finale|website=Clash Magazine|date=24 November 2009 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> [[Artrocker]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artrockermagazine.com/a-short-history-of-artrocker-live/|title=A short history of Artrocker LIVE… |website=Artrockermagazine.com|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> [[Guided Missile]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/guided-missile|title=Guided Missile at Buffalo Bar – House, electro and techno|website=Timeout.com|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> and Indieoke.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allinlondon.co.uk/whats-on.php?event=49502|title=indieoke at Buffalo Bars, Buffalo Bars – Club & Bar Night|website=Allinlondon.co.uk|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>
[[Image:The_Maccabees_at_Buffalo_Bar_-_January,_2006.jpg|thumb|300px|[[The Maccabees (band)|The Maccabees]] at Artrocker Festival, Buffalo Bar, 2006]]

Notable artists that played the Buffalo bar include: [[The Libertines]], [[Keane (band)|Keane]], [[Hot Chip]], [[Bloc Party]], [[The Kooks]], [[Art Brut]], [[the Pains of Being Pure at Heart]], [[Friendly Fires]], [[Two Door Cinema Club]], [[Martha Wainwright]], [[Stereolab]], [[Futureheads]], [[Bombay Bicycle Club]], [[the Long Blondes]], [[the Magic Numbers]], [[Ed Harcourt]], [[the Zutons]], [[Oneida (band)|Oneida]], [[Part Chimp]], [[Electrelane]], and [[the Joy Formidable]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islingtontribune.com/news/2014/nov/5000-sign-petition-save-highbury-corner-music-bar-hosted-libertines-and-subways|title=5,000 sign petition to save Highbury Corner music bar that hosted The Libertines and Subways|work=Islington Tribune|first=Andrew|last=Johnson|date=22 November 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> as well as others including [[the Horrors]], [[Foals (band)|Foals]], [[Fiery Furnaces]], [[Maxïmo Park]], [[the Brian Jonestown Massacre]], [[the Duke Spirit]], [[We Are The Physics]], [[Hope of the States]], [[Animal Collective]], [[Emmy the Great]], [[Bis (Scottish band)|Bis]], [[The Maccabees (band)|the Maccabees]], [[Jack Rose (guitarist)|Jack Rose]], [[Josh T. Pearson]], [[Larrikin Love]], [[Desperate Journalist]], [[High Llamas]], [[The Organ (band)|the Organ]], [[Sleaford Mods]], [[Thee Faction]], [[Male Bonding (band)|Male Bonding]], [[Colour Me Wednesday]], [[Chris T-T]], [[T.V. Smith]], [[Spearmint (band)|Spearmint]], [[the Popguns]], [[Shrag]], [[Savages (band)|Savages]], [[the Tuts]], [[Factory Floor]], [[Fat White Family]], [[These New Puritans]], [[the Nightingales]], [[the Wolfhounds]], [[the Cravats]], [[the Homosexuals]], [[KaitO]], [[Victorian English Gentlemens Club]], [[Zombina and the Skeletones]], [[Pink Grease]], [[Tiny Masters of Today]], [[Blood Arm]], [[Frank Turner]], [[Scout Niblett]], [[Jon Langford]], [[the Featherz]], [[Poppy and the Jezebels]], [[the Yummy Fur|Yummy Fur]], [[Country Teasers]], [[the Lovely Eggs]], [[Future of the Left]], [[Blood Red Shoes]], [[Joanne Joanne]], [[the Art Goblins]] and [[Keith Top of the Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/venues/17747-buffalo-bar/gigography|title=Buffalo Bar London Gigography, Concert History, Past Events|publisher=Songkick|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> Promotional videos were also filmed at the venue including for [[Electric Eel Shock]], [[Comet Gain]] and [[the Ethical Debating Society]].


==Closure==
==Closure==
In November 2014, the Buffalo Bar announced that its lease had been terminated and the club would therefore be forced to close at New Year. A petition to save the venue garnered over 5500 signatures,<ref name=”StJohn”>http://stjohnstreet.co.uk/end-of-an-era-buffalo-bar-staff-touched-by-support/</ref> the support of bands such as [[The National]],<ref>http://thequietus.com/articles/16947-buffalo-bar-closing-down-interview</ref> [[The Subways]] and [[Mclusky]] (who performed a fundraising gig for staff<ref>http://www.clashmusic.com/news/mclusky-to-play-the-buffalo-bar</ref>), and the intervention of local politicians including local councillor Olly Parker and local [[M.P.]] [[Emily Thornberry]]. Parker said in a speech that the Buffalo Bar had "probably done more for cultural life in Islington than anyone"<ref name=”StJohn”/> and Thornberry stated that the bar "makes a very important contribution to youth culture and.. the cultural significance of this part of London."<ref name=”StJohn”/>
In November 2014, the Buffalo Bar announced that its lease had been terminated and the club would therefore be forced to close at New Year. A petition to save the venue garnered over 5500 signatures,<ref name="StJohn">{{cite web|url=http://stjohnstreet.co.uk/end-of-an-era-buffalo-bar-staff-touched-by-support/|title=End of an era? Buffalo Bar staff touched by support|publisher=St John Street News|date=6 December 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> the support of bands such as [[The National (band)|The National]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/16947-buffalo-bar-closing-down-interview|title=Buffalo Bar: A Farewell To Highbury Venue|publisher=The Quietus|first=Alex|last=Flood|date=19 December 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> [[The Subways]] and [[Mclusky]] (who performed a fundraising gig for staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clashmusic.com/news/mclusky-to-play-the-buffalo-bar|title=McLusky To Play The Buffalo Bar|work=Clash|date=28 November 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>), and the intervention of local politicians including local councillor Olly Parker and local [[M.P.]] [[Emily Thornberry]]. Parker said in a speech that the Buffalo Bar had "probably done more for cultural life in Islington than anyone"<ref name="StJohn"/> and Thornberry stated that the bar "makes a very important contribution to youth culture and.. the cultural significance of this part of London."<ref name="StJohn"/>

The Buffalo Bar was one of a number of grassroots London music venues subject to closure during the same period, including [[Madame Jojo's]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/au-revoir-madame-jojos|title=Au revoir, Madame Jojo's|work=Time Out|first=James|last=Manning|date=18 December 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> [[12 Bar Club]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/96787/12-bar-club-closing-in-january-2015|title=London loses another great venue as 12 Bar Club set to close|publisher=Gigwise|first=Andy|last=Morris|date=12 December 2014|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> [[Power Lunches]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2015/12/11/power-lunches-closing-down/|title=Dalston venue Power Lunches is closing down|publisher=Fact|first=Chal|last=Ravens|date=11 December 2015|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> The Grosvenor,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/24157/1/property-developers-close-down-more-pubs|title=Property developers closed another London music venue|first=Lisa|last=Walden|date=19 March 2015|publisher=Dazed|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> [[Passing Clouds]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/passing-clouds-hundreds-join-march-to-save-hackney-music-venue-a3347536.html|title=Hundreds join march to save Hackney music venue|website=Standard.co.uk|date=17 September 2016}}</ref> and The Silver Bullet<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/finsbury-park-music-venue-could-be-set-to-close-after-being-bought-by-burger-lobster-owners-a3268416.html|title=Music venue could close after buyout by Burger & Lobster owners|date=11 June 2016|website=Evening Standard|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> – prompting questions over the future of venues faced with the threat of "soaring rents..noise pollution orders, and developers".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/fears-for-musics-toilet-circuit-small-venues-that-nurtured-big-stars-are-increasingly-at-risk-of-9893213.html|title=Fears for music's 'toilet circuit': Small venues at risk|website=Independent.co.uk|date=30 November 2014}}</ref> The [[London Mayor|Mayoral]] Music Venues Taskforce reported in 2015 that 35% of small venues had closed since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk//what-we-do/arts-and-culture/arts-and-culture-publications/london-grassroots-music-venues-rescue-plan|title=London Grassroots Music Venues Rescue Plan|date=20 January 2017|website=London.gov.uk|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> In 2016 incoming Mayor of London [[Sadiq Khan]] appointed a "Night Czar", [[Amy Lamé]], with a remit of looking at this issue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sadiq-khan-appoints-amy-lam-as-first-london-night-czar-lgbt-a7397246.html|title=Sadiq Khan appoints LGBT event runner Amy Lamé first London Night Czar|first=Jacob|last=Stolworthy|date=4 November 2016|website=Independent.co.uk|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>


==References==
The Buffalo Bar was one of a number of grassroots London music venues subject to closure during the same period, including Madame JoJos,<ref>https://www.timeout.com/london/clubs/au-revoir-madame-jojos</ref> [[12 Bar Club]],<ref>http://www.gigwise.com/news/96787/12-bar-club-closing-in-january-2015</ref> [[Power Lunches]],<ref>http://www.factmag.com/2015/12/11/power-lunches-closing-down/</ref> and The Grosvenor,<ref>http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/24157/1/property-developers-close-down-more-pubs</ref> prompting questions over the future of venues faced with the threat of "soaring rents..noise pollution orders, and developers".<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/fears-for-musics-toilet-circuit-small-venues-that-nurtured-big-stars-are-increasingly-at-risk-of-9893213.html</ref> The [[London Mayor|Mayoral]] Music Venues Taskforce reported in 2015 that 35% of small venues had closed since 2007.<ref>https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/arts-and-culture/arts-and-culture-publications/london-grassroots-music-venues-rescue-plan</ref>
{{Reflist}}


==References ==
==External links==
*[http://thequietus.com/articles/16947-buffalo-bar-closing-down-interview Article on Buffalo Bar], ''[[The Quietus]]''
{{reflist}}
*[http://now-here-this.timeout.com/2014/11/16/in-memorium-the-buffalo-bar-in-highbury/ Article on Buffalo Bar] ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''


{{DEFAULTSORT:Buffalo Bar, The}}
[[Category:Music venues in London]]
[[Category:Music venues in London]]
[[Category:Nightclubs in London]]
[[Category:Nightclubs in London]]
[[Category:Former music venues in London]]
[[Category:Defunct nightclubs in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct nightclubs in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Underground punk scene in the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 18:34, 29 September 2024

51°32′46″N 0°06′12″W / 51.546074°N 0.103393°W / 51.546074; -0.103393

The Buffalo Bar
Map
Location259 Upper Street,
Islington
London, N1
United Kingdom
Capacity300
OpenedApril 2000
ClosedDecember 2014

The Buffalo Bar was a music and arts venue located at 259 Upper Street, Highbury Corner, Islington, from 2000 until 2014.[1]

History

[edit]

The venue was situated beneath The Famous Cock Tavern, adjacent to Highbury & Islington station. The basement at 259 Upper Street had previously been a branch of Po Na Na nightclub,[2] and before that, Club Down Under.[3] The Buffalo Bar opened in 2000 and hosted performances by a large number of notable alternative and indie rock artists.

Bis performing at the Buffalo Bar in 2012.

As well as live concerts the venue hosted a number of club nights, including The Cave Club,[4] Great Big Kiss,[5] Afro Cuban Lounge,[6] How Does It Feel to Be Loved?,[7] Twee As Fuck,[8] Artrocker,[9] Guided Missile[10] and Indieoke.[11]

The Maccabees at Artrocker Festival, Buffalo Bar, 2006

Notable artists that played the Buffalo bar include: The Libertines, Keane, Hot Chip, Bloc Party, The Kooks, Art Brut, the Pains of Being Pure at Heart, Friendly Fires, Two Door Cinema Club, Martha Wainwright, Stereolab, Futureheads, Bombay Bicycle Club, the Long Blondes, the Magic Numbers, Ed Harcourt, the Zutons, Oneida, Part Chimp, Electrelane, and the Joy Formidable,[12] as well as others including the Horrors, Foals, Fiery Furnaces, Maxïmo Park, the Brian Jonestown Massacre, the Duke Spirit, We Are The Physics, Hope of the States, Animal Collective, Emmy the Great, Bis, the Maccabees, Jack Rose, Josh T. Pearson, Larrikin Love, Desperate Journalist, High Llamas, the Organ, Sleaford Mods, Thee Faction, Male Bonding, Colour Me Wednesday, Chris T-T, T.V. Smith, Spearmint, the Popguns, Shrag, Savages, the Tuts, Factory Floor, Fat White Family, These New Puritans, the Nightingales, the Wolfhounds, the Cravats, the Homosexuals, KaitO, Victorian English Gentlemens Club, Zombina and the Skeletones, Pink Grease, Tiny Masters of Today, Blood Arm, Frank Turner, Scout Niblett, Jon Langford, the Featherz, Poppy and the Jezebels, Yummy Fur, Country Teasers, the Lovely Eggs, Future of the Left, Blood Red Shoes, Joanne Joanne, the Art Goblins and Keith Top of the Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band.[13] Promotional videos were also filmed at the venue including for Electric Eel Shock, Comet Gain and the Ethical Debating Society.

Closure

[edit]

In November 2014, the Buffalo Bar announced that its lease had been terminated and the club would therefore be forced to close at New Year. A petition to save the venue garnered over 5500 signatures,[14] the support of bands such as The National,[15] The Subways and Mclusky (who performed a fundraising gig for staff[16]), and the intervention of local politicians including local councillor Olly Parker and local M.P. Emily Thornberry. Parker said in a speech that the Buffalo Bar had "probably done more for cultural life in Islington than anyone"[14] and Thornberry stated that the bar "makes a very important contribution to youth culture and.. the cultural significance of this part of London."[14]

The Buffalo Bar was one of a number of grassroots London music venues subject to closure during the same period, including Madame Jojo's,[17] 12 Bar Club,[18] Power Lunches,[19] The Grosvenor,[20] Passing Clouds[21] and The Silver Bullet[22] – prompting questions over the future of venues faced with the threat of "soaring rents..noise pollution orders, and developers".[23] The Mayoral Music Venues Taskforce reported in 2015 that 35% of small venues had closed since 2007.[24] In 2016 incoming Mayor of London Sadiq Khan appointed a "Night Czar", Amy Lamé, with a remit of looking at this issue.[25]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "NEWS: Buffalo Bar to Close its Doors". Faroutmagazine.co.uk. 13 November 2014.
  2. ^ "UK Lodging – Clubs – Accommodation and Hostels in London". Uklodging.com.
  3. ^ "The Famous Cock Tavern, 259 Upper Street, Islington, London, N1 1RU - London Public Houses & Inns - All in London". AllinLondon.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  4. ^ "The Cave Club". Time Out. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  5. ^ "Great Big Kiss in London". Soul-source.co.uk.
  6. ^ "Afro-Cuban Lounge at Buffalo Bar – Freestyle and global beats". Time Out. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  7. ^ "HOW DOES IT FEEL TO BE LOVED? returns to the Buffalo Bar". How Does It Feel To be Loved. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  8. ^ "Twee As F*ck Finale". Clash Magazine. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  9. ^ "A short history of Artrocker LIVE…". Artrockermagazine.com. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  10. ^ "Guided Missile at Buffalo Bar – House, electro and techno". Timeout.com. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  11. ^ "indieoke at Buffalo Bars, Buffalo Bars – Club & Bar Night". Allinlondon.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  12. ^ Johnson, Andrew (22 November 2014). "5,000 sign petition to save Highbury Corner music bar that hosted The Libertines and Subways". Islington Tribune. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  13. ^ "Buffalo Bar London Gigography, Concert History, Past Events". Songkick. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  14. ^ a b c "End of an era? Buffalo Bar staff touched by support". St John Street News. 6 December 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  15. ^ Flood, Alex (19 December 2014). "Buffalo Bar: A Farewell To Highbury Venue". The Quietus. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  16. ^ "McLusky To Play The Buffalo Bar". Clash. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  17. ^ Manning, James (18 December 2014). "Au revoir, Madame Jojo's". Time Out. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  18. ^ Morris, Andy (12 December 2014). "London loses another great venue as 12 Bar Club set to close". Gigwise. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  19. ^ Ravens, Chal (11 December 2015). "Dalston venue Power Lunches is closing down". Fact. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  20. ^ Walden, Lisa (19 March 2015). "Property developers closed another London music venue". Dazed. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  21. ^ "Hundreds join march to save Hackney music venue". Standard.co.uk. 17 September 2016.
  22. ^ "Music venue could close after buyout by Burger & Lobster owners". Evening Standard. 11 June 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Fears for music's 'toilet circuit': Small venues at risk". Independent.co.uk. 30 November 2014.
  24. ^ "London Grassroots Music Venues Rescue Plan". London.gov.uk. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  25. ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (4 November 2016). "Sadiq Khan appoints LGBT event runner Amy Lamé first London Night Czar". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
[edit]