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| birth_name = Anna Maria Pierangeli
| birth_name = Anna Maria Pierangeli
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cagliari]], Kingdom of Italy
| birth_place = [[Cagliari]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1971|9|10|1932|6|19|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1971|9|10|1932|6|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beverly Hills, California]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Beverly Hills, California]], U.S.
| resting_place = Cimitière des Bulvis, [[Rueil-Malmaison]], France
| resting_place = Cimetière des Bulvis, [[Rueil-Malmaison]], France
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model|singer}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model|singer}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
| spouse = {{plainlist|
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}}
}}


'''Anna Maria Pierangeli''' (19 June 1932{{spaced ndash}}10 September 1971<ref name="Allen">{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jane |url= |title=Pier Angeli: A Fragile Life |date=28 October 2002 |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0786413928 |location= |pages=6, 12–13, 16, 17, 78, 88–89, 93, 188–203, Appendix:Drugs |author-link=}}</ref>), known internationally by the stage name '''Pier Angeli''', was an Italian actress, model and singer. She won the [[Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress]] for her debut role in the 1950 film [[Tomorrow Is Too Late|''Tomorrow Is Too Late'']], and subsequently won a [[Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress]] for her performance in the American film ''[[Teresa (1951 film)|Teresa]]'' (1951).
'''Anna Maria Pierangeli''' (19 June 1932{{spaced ndash}}10 September 1971<ref name="Allen">{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jane |url= |title=Pier Angeli: A Fragile Life |date=28 October 2002 |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0786413928 |location= |pages=6, 12–13, 16, 17, 78, 88–89, 93, 188–203, Appendix:Drugs |author-link=}}</ref>), known internationally by the stage name '''Pier Angeli''', was an Italian actress, model and singer. She won the [[Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress]] for her debut role in the 1950 film ''[[Tomorrow Is Too Late]]'', and subsequently won a [[Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress]] for her performance in the American film ''[[Teresa (1951 film)|Teresa]]'' (1951).


In the United States, Angeli was typecast in "European ingénue" roles, and notably played romantic leading ladies in ''[[The Light Touch]]'' (1951), ''[[The Devil Makes Three (film)|The Devil Makes Three]]'' (1952), ''[[The Story of Three Loves]]'' (1953), ''[[The Silver Chalice (film)|The Silver Chalice]]'' (1954), and ''[[Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)|Somebody Up There Likes Me]]'' (1956). She was nominated for a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress]] for her role opposite [[Richard Attenborough]] in the British film ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960).
In the United States, Angeli was typecast in "European ingénue" roles, and notably played romantic leading ladies in ''[[The Light Touch]]'' (1951), ''[[The Devil Makes Three (film)|The Devil Makes Three]]'' (1952), ''[[The Story of Three Loves]]'' (1953), ''[[The Silver Chalice (film)|The Silver Chalice]]'' (1954), and ''[[Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)|Somebody Up There Likes Me]]'' (1956). She was nominated for a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress]] for her role opposite [[Richard Attenborough]] in the British film ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960).
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Her twin sister, [[Marisa Pavan]], was also an actress.
Her twin sister, [[Marisa Pavan]], was also an actress.


==Early life ==
== Early life ==
'''Anna Maria Pierangeli''' was born to Enrichetta (née Romiti) and Luigi Pierangeli in [[Cagliari]], Sardinia in 1932.<ref name="Allen" /> She had an identical twin sister, actress [[Marisa Pavan]].
Anna Maria Pierangeli was born to Enrichetta (née Romiti) and Luigi Pierangeli in [[Cagliari]], Sardinia in 1932.<ref name="Allen" /> She had a fraternal twin sister, actress [[Marisa Pavan]].


Angeli spent [[World War II]] in Rome; she was ten when the Nazis [[Italian campaign (World War II)|occupied]] Rome, experiencing both food shortages and bomb shelters. She was deeply affected by her experiences during the war, recalling later: "What was in the world, I didn't want to know."<ref name="Allen" />
Angeli spent [[World War II]] in Rome; she was ten when the Nazis [[Italian campaign (World War II)|occupied]] Rome, experiencing both food shortages and bomb shelters. She was deeply affected by her experiences during the war, recalling later: "What was in the world, I didn't want to know."<ref name="Allen" />
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[[Elia Kazan]], the director of ''[[East of Eden (film)|East of Eden]]'' (1955), remembered hearing Dean and Angeli loudly having sex in Dean's dressing room.<ref name="Kazan-Life">{{cite book | last=Kazan |first=Elia |author1-link=Elia Kazan | title=Elia Kazan: A Life | publisher=Knopf | year=1988 | location=New York | isbn=0-394-55953-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/eliakazanlife00kaza_0 }}</ref><ref name="Allen"/>
[[Elia Kazan]], the director of ''[[East of Eden (film)|East of Eden]]'' (1955), remembered hearing Dean and Angeli loudly having sex in Dean's dressing room.<ref name="Kazan-Life">{{cite book | last=Kazan |first=Elia |author1-link=Elia Kazan | title=Elia Kazan: A Life | publisher=Knopf | year=1988 | location=New York | isbn=0-394-55953-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/eliakazanlife00kaza_0 }}</ref><ref name="Allen"/>


Much against her will, she was forced to break it off mainly because her mother was not happy with their relationship as Dean was not Catholic.<ref name="Allen"/><ref name=Dalton2001/> There were rumors that she and Dean secretly saw each other up until his death; [[Joe Hyams]], in his 1992 biography of Dean, ''James Dean: Little Boy Lost'', claims that he visited Dean just as Angeli, then married to Damone, was leaving his home. An Order for the Solemnization of Marriage pamphlet with the name "Pier" lightly penciled in every place the bride's name is left blank was found amongst Dean's personal effects after his death.<ref name="Hyams">{{cite book|author=Joe Hyams|title=James Dean: Little Boy Lost|url= https://archive.org/details/jamesdeanlittleb0000hyam_o3f0 |year=1992|publisher=Warner Books |page=298|isbn= 978-0712657402}}</ref> She would later say that he was the love of her life: "He is the only man I ever loved deeply as a woman should love a man."<ref name=Dalton2001>{{cite book|author=David Dalton|title=James Dean: The Mutant King : a Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfiE4x4V_PAC&pg=PA2|year=2001|publisher=Chicago Review Press |pages=151, 198|isbn=978-1-55652-398-4}}</ref> Friends of Angeli have said she never fully recovered from his death and that she had nightmares about him up until her own death.<ref name="Allen"/>
Much against her will, she was forced to break it off, mainly because her mother was not happy with their relationship because Dean was not Catholic.<ref name="Allen"/><ref name=Dalton2001/> Angeli would reluctantly marry singer Vic Damone in November 1954. There were rumors that she and Dean secretly still saw each other up until his death; [[Joe Hyams]], in his 1992 biography of Dean, ''James Dean: Little Boy Lost'', claims that he visited Dean just as Angeli, then married to Damone, was leaving his home. An Order for the Solemnization of Marriage pamphlet with the name "Pier" lightly penciled in every place the bride's name is left blank was found amongst Dean's personal effects after his death.<ref name="Hyams">{{cite book|author=Joe Hyams|title=James Dean: Little Boy Lost|url= https://archive.org/details/jamesdeanlittleb0000hyam_o3f0 |year=1992|publisher=Warner Books |page=298|isbn= 978-0712657402}}</ref> She would later say that he was the love of her life: "He is the only man I ever loved deeply as a woman should love a man."<ref name=Dalton2001>{{cite book|author=David Dalton|title=James Dean: The Mutant King : a Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfiE4x4V_PAC&pg=PA2|year=2001|publisher=Chicago Review Press |pages=151, 198|isbn=978-1-55652-398-4}}</ref> Friends of Angeli have said she never fully recovered from his death and that she had nightmares about him up until her own death.<ref name="Allen"/>


===Marriage to Vic Damone===
===Marriage to Vic Damone===
Angeli rejected Dean and married singer and actor [[Vic Damone]] in 1954.<ref>{{cite book|last=Donnelley|first=Paul |title=Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries|publisher=Omnibus|year=2003|pages=55|isbn=0-7119-9512-5}}</ref> Singer and actor [[Dean Martin]] performed at their wedding.<ref name="Allen"/> It was reported by several people who attended the wedding that they saw [[James Dean]], claiming Dean watched the wedding from across the road on his motorcycle, even gunning the engine during the ceremony, although Dean later denied doing anything so "dumb."<ref name=Dalton2001/><ref name="Unsinkable"/>
Angeli left Dean and married singer and actor [[Vic Damone]] in 1954.<ref>{{cite book|last=Donnelley|first=Paul |title=Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries|publisher=Omnibus|year=2003|pages=55|isbn=0-7119-9512-5}}</ref> Singer and actor [[Dean Martin]] performed at their wedding.<ref name="Allen"/> It was reported by several people who attended the wedding that they saw [[James Dean]], claiming Dean watched the wedding from across the road on his motorcycle, even gunning the engine during the ceremony, although Dean later denied doing anything so "dumb."<ref name=Dalton2001/><ref name="Unsinkable"/>


During their marriage, they appeared as guests on the 17 June 1956 episode of ''[[What's My Line?]]''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xfGY_palCI What's My Line? - Arthur Murray; Pier Angeli & Vic Damone; Paul Winchell (panel) (Jun 17, 1956)]</ref> She had one son with Vic Damone; their 1958 divorce was followed by highly publicized court battles for the custody of their only child, son Perry (1955–2014).
During their marriage, they appeared as guests on the 17 June 1956 episode of ''[[What's My Line?]]''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xfGY_palCI What's My Line? - Arthur Murray; Pier Angeli & Vic Damone; Paul Winchell (panel) (Jun 17, 1956)]</ref> She had one son with Vic Damone; their 1958 divorce was followed by highly publicized court battles for the custody of their only child, son Perry (1955–2014).

===Later life and death===
===Later life and death===
Angeli next married Italian composer [[Armando Trovajoli]] in 1962 with whom she had another son, Howard, in 1963. She and Trovajoli separated in 1969.<ref>
Angeli next married Italian composer [[Armando Trovajoli]] in 1962 with whom she had another son, Howard, in 1963. She and Trovajoli separated in 1969.<ref>
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[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:People from Cagliari]]
[[Category:Actors from Cagliari]]
[[Category:People of Marchesan descent]]
[[Category:People of Marchesan descent]]
[[Category:Drug-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Drug-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Barbiturates-related deaths]]
[[Category:Barbiturates-related deaths]]
[[Category:Burials in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Burials in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Italian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Italian expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:Italian film actresses]]
[[Category:Italian film actresses]]
[[Category:Italian television actresses]]
[[Category:Italian television actresses]]
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[[Category:New Star of the Year (Actress) Golden Globe winners]]
[[Category:New Star of the Year (Actress) Golden Globe winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian actresses]]
[[Category:Expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:1971 suicides]]
[[Category:1971 suicides]]
[[Category:Actors from Sardinia]]
[[Category:Actresses from Sardinia]]

Latest revision as of 23:48, 29 September 2024

Pier Angeli
Pier Angeli featured in the American fan magazine Modern Screen, 1957
Born
Anna Maria Pierangeli

(1932-06-19)19 June 1932
Cagliari, Kingdom of Italy
Died10 September 1971(1971-09-10) (aged 39)
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Resting placeCimetière des Bulvis, Rueil-Malmaison, France
Occupations
  • Actress
  • model
  • singer
Years active1950–1971
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1954; div. 1958)​
​
​
(m. 1962; div. 1969)​
Partner(s)Kirk Douglas (early-1950s)
James Dean (c. 1954)
Children2
RelativesMarisa Pavan (sister)

Anna Maria Pierangeli (19 June 1932 – 10 September 1971[1]), known internationally by the stage name Pier Angeli, was an Italian actress, model and singer. She won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress for her debut role in the 1950 film Tomorrow Is Too Late, and subsequently won a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress for her performance in the American film Teresa (1951).

In the United States, Angeli was typecast in "European ingénue" roles, and notably played romantic leading ladies in The Light Touch (1951), The Devil Makes Three (1952), The Story of Three Loves (1953), The Silver Chalice (1954), and Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956). She was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress for her role opposite Richard Attenborough in the British film The Angry Silence (1960).

Off-screen, Angeli was known for her high-profile romantic affairs with actors Kirk Douglas and James Dean, and later her tumultuous marriage to singer Vic Damone. She died at the age of 39 of a barbiturate overdose.

Her twin sister, Marisa Pavan, was also an actress.

Early life

[edit]

Anna Maria Pierangeli was born to Enrichetta (née Romiti) and Luigi Pierangeli in Cagliari, Sardinia in 1932.[1] She had a fraternal twin sister, actress Marisa Pavan.

Angeli spent World War II in Rome; she was ten when the Nazis occupied Rome, experiencing both food shortages and bomb shelters. She was deeply affected by her experiences during the war, recalling later: "What was in the world, I didn't want to know."[1]

Career

[edit]

Angeli made her film debut at the age of 16 with Vittorio De Sica's Italian film, Domani è troppo tardi (1950) after being spotted by director Léonide Moguy and De Sica while studying arts in Rome. Her work was so impressive that she won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress, and caught the eye of MGM producers, who offered her a contract with the studio.[1]

MGM launched her in Teresa (1951), her first American film, which also saw the film debuts of Rod Steiger and John Ericson. Reviews for this performance compared her to Greta Garbo, and she won the New Star of the Year–Actress Golden Globe. Under contract to MGM throughout the 1950s, she appeared in a series of films, including The Light Touch with Stewart Granger and The Devil Makes Three with Gene Kelly. Plans for a film of Romeo and Juliet with her and Marlon Brando fell through when a British-Italian production was announced.

While filming The Story of Three Loves (1953), Angeli began a relationship with costar Kirk Douglas. She next appeared in Sombrero, in which she replaced an indisposed Ava Gardner, then Flame and the Flesh (1954). After discovering Leslie Caron, another European ingénue, MGM lent Angeli to other studios. She went to Warner Bros. for both The Silver Chalice (1954), which marked the debut of Paul Newman, and the French-language musical Oh No, Mam'zelle (Mam'zelle Nitouche), also 1954), co-starring alongside Fernandel. For Paramount, she was in contention for the role of Anna Magnani's daughter in The Rose Tattoo (1955), but the role went to Marisa Pavan, her twin sister. MGM lent her to Columbia for Port Afrique (1956), where she got to showcase her real singing voice. She returned to MGM for Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956) as Paul Newman's long-suffering wife (Angeli's former lover, James Dean, was to play the starring role, which went to Newman after Dean's death). Newman would later say of her: "The most beautiful Italian actress of the century. She was an extremely complex and gifted woman. It was so unfortunate that the roles she was asked to play rarely demanded what I know she had to offer."[1] She then appeared in The Vintage (1957) and finished her MGM contract in Merry Andrew (1958) starring alongside Danny Kaye. She was in consideration to play the character of Rima in, Green Mansions (1959), a character she had long wanted to play. Instead she played the part for the July 1954 issue of Life Magazine, shot by Allan Grant.[1][2] In 1959, she released an album called Italia con Pier Angeli in which she sings in English and Italian. One reviewer called her singing voice "warm and surprisingly rich."[3] She also continued to be hired for modelling jobs well into the 1960s.

During the 1960s and until 1970, Angeli lived and worked in Britain and Europe, and was often screen-credited under her birth name, Anna Maria Pierangeli. She starred in French, Italian and English-language movies throughout the 1960s. Her performance in The Angry Silence (1960), starring alongside her friend Richard Attenborough, was nominated for a Best Foreign Actress BAFTA, and she was reunited with Stewart Granger for Sodom and Gomorrah (1963), in which she played Lot's wife. She had a brief role in the war epic Battle of the Bulge (1965). Angeli worked in Israel, and was top-billed, for Every Bastard a King (1968), about events during the Arab-Israeli Six-Day War the previous year. She was under serious consideration for a part in, The Godfather (1972), but died before shooting began.[1]

Personal life

[edit]

Angeli was fluent in Italian and English, and near fluent in French. She was good friends with Debbie Reynolds, Louis Jourdan, and Richard Attenborough.[1] Because she travelled so much, she encountered many artists throughout her life. For example, In 1960, Angeli met Serge Gainsbourg in a nightclub. On a piece of paper she scribbled in French: "J’adore 'L’eau à la bouche', ça me donne l’eau à la bouche," and slipped it into one of Gainsbourg's pockets. He treasured this relic, and her gesture had the effect of motivating him to persevere in romantic songwriting.[4][5]

Armando Trovajoli and Pier Angeli on their wedding day, London, 14 February 1962

According to Kirk Douglas' autobiography The Ragman's Son, he and Angeli were engaged in the 1950s after meeting on the set of the film The Story of Three Loves (1953).[6]

Affair with James Dean

[edit]

Angeli also had a passionate romantic relationship with James Dean. They met while she was shooting The Silver Chalice (1954)[7] and he was shooting East of Eden (1955), on an adjoining Warner lot.

Elia Kazan, the director of East of Eden (1955), remembered hearing Dean and Angeli loudly having sex in Dean's dressing room.[8][1]

Much against her will, she was forced to break it off, mainly because her mother was not happy with their relationship because Dean was not Catholic.[1][9] Angeli would reluctantly marry singer Vic Damone in November 1954. There were rumors that she and Dean secretly still saw each other up until his death; Joe Hyams, in his 1992 biography of Dean, James Dean: Little Boy Lost, claims that he visited Dean just as Angeli, then married to Damone, was leaving his home. An Order for the Solemnization of Marriage pamphlet with the name "Pier" lightly penciled in every place the bride's name is left blank was found amongst Dean's personal effects after his death.[10] She would later say that he was the love of her life: "He is the only man I ever loved deeply as a woman should love a man."[9] Friends of Angeli have said she never fully recovered from his death and that she had nightmares about him up until her own death.[1]

Marriage to Vic Damone

[edit]

Angeli left Dean and married singer and actor Vic Damone in 1954.[11] Singer and actor Dean Martin performed at their wedding.[1] It was reported by several people who attended the wedding that they saw James Dean, claiming Dean watched the wedding from across the road on his motorcycle, even gunning the engine during the ceremony, although Dean later denied doing anything so "dumb."[9][12]

During their marriage, they appeared as guests on the 17 June 1956 episode of What's My Line?.[13] She had one son with Vic Damone; their 1958 divorce was followed by highly publicized court battles for the custody of their only child, son Perry (1955–2014).

Later life and death

[edit]

Angeli next married Italian composer Armando Trovajoli in 1962 with whom she had another son, Howard, in 1963. She and Trovajoli separated in 1969.[14]

In the early 1970s she returned to California after having lived in Britain and Europe throughout the 1960s, and briefly lived with her close friend Debbie Reynolds until she found a little apartment in Beverly Hills.[12]

On 10 September 1971, at the age of 39, Angeli was found dead of a barbiturate overdose at her home in Beverly Hills. On the day of her death, Angeli had been given an injection of Compazine by her doctor to calm her down (she was unable to sleep and had run out of Doriden which the doctor refused to give her).[1] Death due to anaphylaxis has been suggested; however, it is not supported by the findings of her autopsy.[1][15][16]

Her former lover Kirk Douglas and his wife Anne Buydens were among those who were invited to her funeral.[1] She is interred in the Cimetière des Bulvis in Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, France.

[edit]

Angeli was portrayed by Valentina Cervi in the 2001 TV movie James Dean, which depicted her relationship with Dean. In 2015, she was portrayed by Alessandra Mastronardi in the James Dean biopic Life. A fictional interpretation of her life can be found in the book, Anna-Maria Pier Angeli: Une Madone à Babylone.[17]

Filmography

[edit]
Film
Year Title Role Notes
1950 Tomorrow Is Too Late Mirella
1951 Tomorrow Is Another Day Luisa
Teresa Teresa Russo
1952 The Light Touch Anna Vasarri
The Devil Makes Three Wilhelmina (Willie) Lehrt
The Million Dollar Nickel Herself Short film
1953 The Story of Three Loves Nina Burkhardt Segment: "Equilibrium"
Sombrero Eufemia Calderon
1954 Oh No, Mam'zelle Denise de Flavigny / Nitouche
Flame and the Flesh Lisa
The Silver Chalice Deborra
1956 Meet Me in Las Vegas Herself Uncredited cameo
1956 Somebody Up There Likes Me Norma
1956 Port Afrique Ynez
1957 The Vintage Lucienne
1958 Merry Andrew Selena Gallini
1959 SOS Pacific Teresa
1960 The Angry Silence Anna Curtis
1960 Estoril y sus fiestas Herself Short film
1961 White Slave Ship Polly Credited as Anna Maria Pierangeli
1962 Sodom and Gomorrah Ildith
1962 Musketeers of the Sea Consuelo / Gracia
1964 Shadow of Evil Lila Sinn
1965 Berlin, Appointment for the Spies Paula Krauss
1965 Battle of the Bulge Louise
1966 M.M.M. 83 Hélène Blanchard
1966 Per mille dollari al giorno Betty Benson Credited as Annamaria Pierangeli
1966 Caccia ai violenti Ann Peterson
1968 Red Roses for the Fuhrer Marie Credited as Anna Maria Pierangeli
1968 Every Bastard a King Eileen
1969 Cry Chicago Bambi Credited as Anna Maria Pierangeli
1969 Love Me, Love My Wife Alexandra
1970 In the Folds of the Flesh Falesse / Ester
1970 Quell'amore particolare Cecilia
1971 Octaman Susan Lowry Posthumous release
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1956 What's My Line? Herself 1 episode
1958 Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse Bernadette Soubirous 1 episode

Discography

[edit]
  • Italia con Pier Angeli (1959), Roulette, Vinyl.

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Awards
Year Award Category Title of work Result
1951 Nastro d'Argento Best Actress (Migliore Attrice) Domani è troppo tardi Won
1952 Golden Globe Award New Star Of The Year Actress Teresa Won
1955 Golden Globe Award World Film Favorite – Female Nominated
1961 BAFTA Awards Best Foreign Actress The Angry Silence Nominated

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Allen, Jane (28 October 2002). Pier Angeli: A Fragile Life. McFarland & Company. pp. 6, 12–13, 16, 17, 78, 88–89, 93, 188–203, Appendix:Drugs. ISBN 978-0786413928.
  2. ^ Life magazine issue, July 1954. 1954. pp. 68–74.
  3. ^ Keylin, Arleen (1977). Hollywood album : lives and deaths of Hollywood stars from the pages of the New York times. Arno Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0405103117.
  4. ^ Prioul, Jean-Pierre (2017). Gainsbourg, 5 bis rue de Verneuil. E/P/A. p. 29. ISBN 978-2851209382.
  5. ^ Paillard, Virginie (26 April 2021). "5 bis rue de Verneuil, havre de création de Serge Gainsbourg". janis-media. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  6. ^ Douglas, Kirk (1989). The Ragman's Son: An Autobiography. G.K. Hall. pp. 35, 174, 187, 202. ISBN 0-8161-4795-7.
  7. ^ "AFI Catalog of Feature Films: The Silver Chalice". Afi.com. American Film Institute. 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  8. ^ Kazan, Elia (1988). Elia Kazan: A Life. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-55953-3.
  9. ^ a b c David Dalton (2001). James Dean: The Mutant King : a Biography. Chicago Review Press. pp. 151, 198. ISBN 978-1-55652-398-4.
  10. ^ Joe Hyams (1992). James Dean: Little Boy Lost. Warner Books. p. 298. ISBN 978-0712657402.
  11. ^ Donnelley, Paul (2003). Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 55. ISBN 0-7119-9512-5.
  12. ^ a b Reynolds, Debbie (2013). Unsinkable: A Memoir. William Morrow and Company. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-0-062-21365-5.
  13. ^ What's My Line? - Arthur Murray; Pier Angeli & Vic Damone; Paul Winchell (panel) (Jun 17, 1956)
  14. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (3 March 2013). "Italo Composer Armando Trovajoli Dies at 95". Variety.com. Variety Media LLC. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  15. ^ Crivello, Kirk (1988). Fallen Angels: The Lives and Untimely Deaths of Fourteen Hollywood Beauties. Citadel Press. pp. 277. ISBN 0-8065-1096-X.
  16. ^ Frascella, Lawrence; Weisel, Al (2005). Live Fast, Die Young: The Wild Ride of Making Rebel Without a Cause. Simon and Schuster. p. 180. ISBN 0-7432-9118-2.
  17. ^ Righini, Mariella (1989). Anna-Maria Pier Angeli: Une Madone à Babylone. Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2221056295.
[edit]
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