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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = M duboulayi.jpg
| image = Melanotaenia duboulayi 238169871.jpg
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| image_caption = In [[Queensland]]
⚫
| taxon = Melanotaenia duboulayi
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1878)
| ordo = [[Atheriniformes]]
| synonyms = ''Atherinichthys duboulayi'' <small>Castelnau, 1878</small>
| familia = [[Melanotaeniidae]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Melanotaenia|duboulayi|month=April|year=2019}}</ref>
| genus = ''[[Melanotaenia]]''
| species = '''''M. duboulayi'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Melanotaenia duboulayi''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1878)
| synonyms =
}}
}}

The '''crimson-spotted rainbowfish''' (''Melanotaenia duboulayi''), known less commonly as the '''Duboulay's rainbowfish''',<ref>Crimsonspotted Rainbowfish, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' (Castelnau, 1878), Australian Museum [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Crimsonspotted-Rainbowfish-Melanotaenia-duboulayi-Castelnau-1878]</ref> is a species of freshwater [[rainbowfish]] [[endemism|endemic]] to eastern [[Australia]]. ''M. duboulayi'' has also been kept in aquariums since the early 20th century, and is the original '''Australian rainbowfish'''.
'''''Melanotaenia duboulayi''''', the '''crimson-spotted rainbowfish''', less commonly known as the '''Duboulay's rainbowfish''',<ref>Crimsonspotted Rainbowfish, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' (Castelnau, 1878), Australian Museum [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Crimsonspotted-Rainbowfish-Melanotaenia-duboulayi-Castelnau-1878]</ref> is a species of [[freshwater fish]] [[endemism|endemic]] to coastal [[eastern Australia]], although ''M. duboulayi'' has also been kept as an [[aquarium fish]] since the early 20th century, and is the original "Australian [[rainbowfish]]".


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' was initially collected by Duboulay (du Boulay) in the 1870s from the Richmond River in northern [[New South Wales]]. It was scientifically described as ''Atherinichthys duboulayi'' by Castelnau in 1878.<ref name=Cast>De Castelnau,F.L., "On Several New Australian (chiefly) Fresh-Water Fishes", ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales'' 3-pp140-144, 1878. [http://iphylo.org/~rpage/afd/id/c169531e-d23d-48a1-bce9-6024a08d0522]</ref> It was later known as ''Nematocentris fluviatilis'' and ''[[Melanotaenia fluviatilis]]''. It was reclassified as ''Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis'' following a review of the rainbowfish group by Allen in 1980. The current scientific name, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'', given by Crowley, ''et al.'' in 1986, is a result of the study of early stages of life.<ref>Crowley L.E.L.M., W. Ivantsoff and G. R. Allen, "Taxonomic Position of Two Crimson-spotted Rainbowfish, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' and ''Melanotaenia fluviatilis'' (Pisces: Melanotaeniidae), from Eastern Australia, with Special Reference to Their Early Life-history Stages," ''Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research'', 1986, 37: 385-98.</ref> This study separated ''M. splendida fluviatilis'' into two species, ''M. duboulayi'' from the eastern coastal drainage systems of northern New South Wales and southern [[Queensland]], and ''M. fluviatilis'' from the inland [[Murray-Darling basin]] system west of the [[Great Dividing Range]].<ref>[http://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Duboulay.htm ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'', Rainbowfish]</ref>
''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' was initially collected by Duboulay (du Boulay), probably the naturalist and illustrator [[Francis Houssemayne du Boulay]] (1837–1914),<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/atheriniformes2/ | title = Order ATHERINIFORMES: Families BEDOTIIDAE, MELANOTAENIIDAE, PSEUDOMUGILIDAE, TELMATHERINIDAE, ISONIDAE, DENTATHERINIDAE and PHALLOSTETHIDAE | access-date= 2 July 2019 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 14 March 2019}}</ref> in the 1870s from the Richmond River in northeastern [[New South Wales]], although he is best known for ''[[Coleoptera]]''. It was scientifically described as ''Atherinichthys duboulayi'' by [[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Francis de Castelnau]] in 1878.<ref name="Cast">De Castelnau,F.L., "On Several New Australian (chiefly) Fresh-Water Fishes", ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales'' 3-pp140-144, 1878. [http://iphylo.org/~rpage/afd/id/c169531e-d23d-48a1-bce9-6024a08d0522]</ref> It was later known as ''Nematocentris fluviatilis'' and ''[[Melanotaenia fluviatilis]]''. It was reclassified as ''Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis'' following a review of the rainbowfish group by Allen in 1980. The current scientific name, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'', given by Crowley, ''et al.'' in 1986, is a result of the study of early stages of life.<ref>Crowley L.E.L.M., W. Ivantsoff and G. R. Allen, "Taxonomic Position of Two Crimson-spotted Rainbowfish, ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'' and ''Melanotaenia fluviatilis'' (Pisces: Melanotaeniidae), from Eastern Australia, with Special Reference to Their Early Life-history Stages," ''Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research'', 1986, 37: 385–98.</ref> This study separated ''M. splendida fluviatilis'' into two species, ''M. duboulayi'' from the coastal river systems east of the [[Great Dividing Range]] in northeastern New South Wales and southeastern [[Queensland]], and ''M. fluviatilis'' from the inland [[Murray-Darling basin]] system west of the Great Dividing Range.<ref>[http://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Duboulay.htm ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'', Rainbowfish]</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Melanotaenia duboulayi 248544554 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|In [[Queensland]]]]
Males reach maximum lengths of {{convert|12|cm|abbr=on}}, but are usually less than {{convert|10|cm|abbr=on}}, while the females are usually smaller. They have a slender and compressed body shape. Crimson-spotted rainbowfish have two [[dorsal fin]]s very close together, with the first much smaller than the second. Their fin colours vary from clear to yellowish to red, with red flecks and dark margins which become intensely black in males during spawning activities. Larger males are distinguished from females by their brighter colours and can be identified from the elongation of [[Posterior (anatomy)|posterior]] rays in the second dorsal and anal fins. Females have rounded dorsal and [[anal fins]], which are smaller and lack the dark edges. A prominent spot of crimson red is seen on the operculum. Generally, the body is silvery-blue or green ranging through deep bluish or yellow tones. The scale rows are marked with narrow yellow lines and overlaid with orange to brilliant red. They exhibit considerable colour variations over a wide [[geographical]] range.
Male ''M. duboulayi'' reach maximum body lengths of {{cvt|12|cm}}, but are usually less than {{cvt|10|cm}}, while the females are usually smaller. They have a slender and compressed body shape, and have two [[dorsal fin]]s very close together, with the first much smaller than the second. Their fin colours vary from clear to yellowish to red, with red flecks and dark margins which become intensely black in males during spawning activities. The larger males are distinguished from females by their brighter colours and can be identified from the elongation of [[Posterior (anatomy)|posterior]] rays in the second dorsal and anal fins. Females have rounded dorsal and [[anal fins]], which are smaller and lack the dark edges. A prominent spot of crimson red is seen on the [[operculum (fish)|operculum]]. Generally, the body is silvery-blue or green ranging through deep bluish or yellow tones. The scale rows are marked with narrow yellow lines and overlaid with orange to brilliant red. They exhibit considerable colour variations over a wide [[geographical]] range.


==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
''M.duboulayi'' is [[omnivory|omnivorous]]. Their diet comprises all kinds of foods, especially [[invertebrates]] and [[algae]], and in captivity they eat [[flake food]]. They like open water and may form small groups around submerged logs and subsurface vegetation.
''M. duboulayi'' is [[omnivorous]], and their diet comprises all kinds of foods, especially [[invertebrates]] and [[algae]], and in captivity they eat [[flake food]]. They like open water and may form small groups around submerged logs and subsurface vegetation.


[[Spawning]] occurs prior to summer rains, and eggs adhere to filamentous subsurface vegetation and floating plant roots.
[[Spawning]] occurs prior to summer rains, and the eggs adhere to filamentous subsurface vegetation and floating plant roots.


A controlled study comparing six native fish species with the introduced (and invasive) [[eastern mosquitofish]] (''Gambusia holbrooki'') on consuming larvae of the common banded mosquito (''[[Culex annulirostris]]'') in Brisbane found that the crimson-spotted rainbowfish ate more mosquito larvae than all other species tested and is a good candidate for mosquito control.<ref name="Hurst ">{{cite journal|author=Hurst, Timothy P.; Brown, Michael D.; Kay, Brian H.|date=2004|title=Laboratory evaluation of the predation efficacy of native Australian fish on Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae).|journal=Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association|volume=20|issue=3|pages=286-91|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/JAMCA_V20_N3_P286-291.pdf|pmid=15532929}}</ref>
A controlled study comparing six native fish species with the [[introduced species|introduced]] (and [[invasive species|invasive]]) [[eastern mosquitofish]] (''Gambusia holbrooki'') on consuming larvae of the [[Culex annulirostris|common banded mosquito]] (''Culex annulirostris'') in [[Brisbane]] found that the crimson-spotted rainbowfish ate more [[mosquito larva]]e than all other species tested and is a good candidate for [[mosquito control]].<ref name="Hurst ">{{cite journal|author1=Hurst, Timothy P. |author2=Brown, Michael D. |author3=Kay, Brian H. |date=2004|title=Laboratory evaluation of the predation efficacy of native Australian fish on Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae).|journal=Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association|volume=20|issue=3|pages=286–91|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/JAMCA_V20_N3_P286-291.pdf|pmid=15532929}}</ref>


==Domestication==
==Domestication==
Crimson-spotted rainbowfish were favorably described by Castelnau in his initial description: "...He says the colours during life were most beautiful; that a broad stripe of magnificent blue ran along the sides, and two transverse bands of rich scarlet extended on the upper part of the fish towards the middle of the body."<ref name=Cast/>
Crimson-spotted rainbowfish were favorably described by Castelnau in his initial description: "...He says the colours during life were most beautiful; that a broad stripe of magnificent blue ran along the sides, and two transverse bands of rich scarlet extended on the upper part of the fish towards the middle of the body."<ref name=Cast/>
[[File:M duboulayi.jpg|thumb|Male and female in captivity]]

Amandus Rudel introduced the species to international aquarium hobbyists when he sent specimens to [[Germany]] in 1927, and it went from there to [[North America]]. In 1930, it was found as an escapee in the [[Mississippi River]].
Amandus Rudel introduced the species to international aquarium hobbyists when he sent specimens to [[Germany]] in 1927, and it went from there to [[North America]]. In 1930, it was found as an escapee in the [[Mississippi River]].


Crimson-spotted rainbowfish are still very popular with aquarists internationally. Australian breeders place greater emphasis of preserving the local variants. In their native range, they are also released into Australian dams to control [[mosquitoes]] using local wild stock to prevent endemic variants of ''M.duboulayi'' from being lost by [[genetics|genetic]] contamination from non-local [[Form (zoology)|forms]].<ref>Native fish for mosquito control, Queensland Department of Primary Industry [http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/28_15865.htm]</ref>
Crimson-spotted rainbowfish are still very popular with aquarists internationally. Australian breeders place greater emphasis of preserving the local variants. In their native range, they are also released into Australian dams to control [[mosquitoes]] using local wild stock to prevent endemic variants of ''M.duboulayi'' from being lost by [[genetics|genetic]] contamination from non-local [[Form (zoology)|forms]].<ref>Native fish for mosquito control, Queensland Department of Primary Industry {{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/28_15865.htm |title=Native fish for mosquito control &#124; Primary industries & fisheries &#124; Queensland Government |access-date=2011-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315011028/http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/28_15865.htm |archive-date=2011-03-15 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Duboulay.htm Melanotaenia duboulayi]
*[http://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Duboulay.htm Melanotaenia duboulayi]
*[http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2106 Fishes of Australia : ''Melanotaenia duboulayi'']

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6811548}}


[[Category:Melanotaenia]]
[[Category:Melanotaenia|duboulayi]]
[[Category:Fish of Australia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Australia]]
[[Category:Animal described in 1878]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1878]]
[[Category:Taxa named by François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau]]

Latest revision as of 00:20, 30 September 2024

Melanotaenia duboulayi
In Queensland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes
Family: Melanotaeniidae
Genus: Melanotaenia
Species:
M. duboulayi
Binomial name
Melanotaenia duboulayi
(Castelnau, 1878)
Synonyms[1]

Atherinichthys duboulayi Castelnau, 1878

Melanotaenia duboulayi, the crimson-spotted rainbowfish, less commonly known as the Duboulay's rainbowfish,[2] is a species of freshwater fish endemic to coastal eastern Australia, although M. duboulayi has also been kept as an aquarium fish since the early 20th century, and is the original "Australian rainbowfish".

Taxonomy

[edit]

Melanotaenia duboulayi was initially collected by Duboulay (du Boulay), probably the naturalist and illustrator Francis Houssemayne du Boulay (1837–1914),[3] in the 1870s from the Richmond River in northeastern New South Wales, although he is best known for Coleoptera. It was scientifically described as Atherinichthys duboulayi by Francis de Castelnau in 1878.[4] It was later known as Nematocentris fluviatilis and Melanotaenia fluviatilis. It was reclassified as Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis following a review of the rainbowfish group by Allen in 1980. The current scientific name, Melanotaenia duboulayi, given by Crowley, et al. in 1986, is a result of the study of early stages of life.[5] This study separated M. splendida fluviatilis into two species, M. duboulayi from the coastal river systems east of the Great Dividing Range in northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, and M. fluviatilis from the inland Murray-Darling basin system west of the Great Dividing Range.[6]

Description

[edit]
In Queensland

Male M. duboulayi reach maximum body lengths of 12 cm (4.7 in), but are usually less than 10 cm (3.9 in), while the females are usually smaller. They have a slender and compressed body shape, and have two dorsal fins very close together, with the first much smaller than the second. Their fin colours vary from clear to yellowish to red, with red flecks and dark margins which become intensely black in males during spawning activities. The larger males are distinguished from females by their brighter colours and can be identified from the elongation of posterior rays in the second dorsal and anal fins. Females have rounded dorsal and anal fins, which are smaller and lack the dark edges. A prominent spot of crimson red is seen on the operculum. Generally, the body is silvery-blue or green ranging through deep bluish or yellow tones. The scale rows are marked with narrow yellow lines and overlaid with orange to brilliant red. They exhibit considerable colour variations over a wide geographical range.

Behaviour

[edit]

M. duboulayi is omnivorous, and their diet comprises all kinds of foods, especially invertebrates and algae, and in captivity they eat flake food. They like open water and may form small groups around submerged logs and subsurface vegetation.

Spawning occurs prior to summer rains, and the eggs adhere to filamentous subsurface vegetation and floating plant roots.

A controlled study comparing six native fish species with the introduced (and invasive) eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) on consuming larvae of the common banded mosquito (Culex annulirostris) in Brisbane found that the crimson-spotted rainbowfish ate more mosquito larvae than all other species tested and is a good candidate for mosquito control.[7]

Domestication

[edit]

Crimson-spotted rainbowfish were favorably described by Castelnau in his initial description: "...He says the colours during life were most beautiful; that a broad stripe of magnificent blue ran along the sides, and two transverse bands of rich scarlet extended on the upper part of the fish towards the middle of the body."[4]

Male and female in captivity

Amandus Rudel introduced the species to international aquarium hobbyists when he sent specimens to Germany in 1927, and it went from there to North America. In 1930, it was found as an escapee in the Mississippi River.

Crimson-spotted rainbowfish are still very popular with aquarists internationally. Australian breeders place greater emphasis of preserving the local variants. In their native range, they are also released into Australian dams to control mosquitoes using local wild stock to prevent endemic variants of M.duboulayi from being lost by genetic contamination from non-local forms.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Melanotaenia duboulayi". FishBase. April 2019 version.
  2. ^ Crimsonspotted Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi (Castelnau, 1878), Australian Museum [1]
  3. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (14 March 2019). "Order ATHERINIFORMES: Families BEDOTIIDAE, MELANOTAENIIDAE, PSEUDOMUGILIDAE, TELMATHERINIDAE, ISONIDAE, DENTATHERINIDAE and PHALLOSTETHIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b De Castelnau,F.L., "On Several New Australian (chiefly) Fresh-Water Fishes", Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3-pp140-144, 1878. [2]
  5. ^ Crowley L.E.L.M., W. Ivantsoff and G. R. Allen, "Taxonomic Position of Two Crimson-spotted Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi and Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Pisces: Melanotaeniidae), from Eastern Australia, with Special Reference to Their Early Life-history Stages," Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1986, 37: 385–98.
  6. ^ Melanotaenia duboulayi, Rainbowfish
  7. ^ Hurst, Timothy P.; Brown, Michael D.; Kay, Brian H. (2004). "Laboratory evaluation of the predation efficacy of native Australian fish on Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae)" (PDF). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 20 (3): 286–91. PMID 15532929.
  8. ^ Native fish for mosquito control, Queensland Department of Primary Industry "Native fish for mosquito control | Primary industries & fisheries | Queensland Government". Archived from the original on 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
[edit]
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