Jump to content

Anza (missile): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Restored revision 1078369462 by PAVLOV (talk): That's not re-arrangement, that's removal.
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(45 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Pakistani man-portable air-defence system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| is_missile = yes
Line 6: Line 8:
| caption = Anza Mk-II
| caption = Anza Mk-II
| type = [[Man-portable air-defense systems|Man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS)]]
| type = [[Man-portable air-defense systems|Man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS)]]
| origin ={{PAK}}
| origin = Pakistan
| service = 1989–present
| service = 1989–present
| used_by = See [[Anza (missile)#Operators|Operators]]
| used_by = See [[Anza (missile)#Operators|Operators]]
| wars = [[Kargil War]]
| wars = [[Syrian Civil War]]<br/>[[Kargil War]]
| manufacturer =
⚫
| manufacturer = [[Kahuta Research Laboratories|Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)]]<ref name="Data">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/PakAirForce/SAM.html|title=PAF Weapons & Missiles|publisher=Pakistani Defence|accessdate=2009-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703061831/http://www.pakistanidefence.com/PakAirForce/SAM.html|archive-date=2007-07-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Global Security">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/kahuta.htm|title=Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090214062418/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/kahuta.htm| archivedate= 14 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref><br />(or AQ Khan Research Laboratories)<ref name="Global Security" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/wepSysIndex.html|title=Over-View Of Pakistani Weapon Systems|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=Pakistani Defence|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69b8mcLsP?url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/wepSysIndex.html|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Global Industrial Defence Solutions|GIDS]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://21stcenturyasianarmsrace.com/2018/05/09/dsa-2018-pakistan-dips-its-toes-in-asean/|title=DSA 2018: Pakistan Dips Its Toes In ASEAN|date=8 May 2018|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Kahuta Research Laboratories|KRL]] (Former)<ref name="Global Security">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/kahuta.htm|title=Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090214062418/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/kahuta.htm| archivedate= 14 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/wepSysIndex.html|title=Over-View Of Pakistani Weapon Systems|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=Pakistani Defence|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028113635/http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/wepSysIndex.html|archive-date=2013-10-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| production_date = 1988<ref name="Report">{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_PAK_94-04.pdf|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|accessdate=2009-02-09| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213025/http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_PAK_94-04.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>
| production_date = 1988<ref name="Report">{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_PAK_94-04.pdf|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|accessdate=2009-02-09| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213025/http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_PAK_94-04.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>
| variants = Anza Mk-I<br />Anza Mk-II<br />Anza Mk-III
| variants = See ''[[Anza (missile)#Variants|Variants]]''
| spec_label = Anza Mk-II
| spec_label = Anza Mk-II
| weight = 16.5 kg <ref name="Data">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/PakAirForce/SAM.html|title=PAF Weapons & Missiles|publisher=Pakistani Defence|accessdate=2009-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703061831/http://www.pakistanidefence.com/PakAirForce/SAM.html|archive-date=2007-07-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| weight = 16.5 kg <ref name="Data" />
| length = 1.44 m
| length = 1.44 m
| diameter = 7.2 cm
| diameter = 7.2 cm
Line 35: Line 39:
The '''Anza''' (عنزہ ''Anza'') is a series of [[shoulder-launched missile weapon|shoulder-fired]], [[MANPAD|man-portable]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an [[infrared homing]] seeker, the Anza is used for short range air defence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php |title=MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force |publisher=Defence Talk |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-09-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203204801/http://defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php |archivedate=3 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205118/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-03|title=Pak. testfires missiles|author= B. Muralidhar Reddy|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2001-03-28}}</ref>
The '''Anza''' (عنزہ ''Anza'') is a series of [[shoulder-launched missile weapon|shoulder-fired]], [[MANPAD|man-portable]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an [[infrared homing]] seeker, the Anza is used for short range air defence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php |title=MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force |publisher=Defence Talk |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-09-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203204801/http://defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php |archivedate=3 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205118/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-03|title=Pak. testfires missiles|author= B. Muralidhar Reddy|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2001-03-28}}</ref>


The Anza is produced by [[Kahuta Research Laboratories|Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)]], being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |title=PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT |accessdate=2009-02-20 |author=Malik Qasim Mustafa |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929145950/http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |archivedate=September 29, 2008 }}</ref> Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the [[Pakistan Army]],<ref name="Inventory" /> with the Mk-III version being the most recent.<ref name="Fact">{{cite news|url=http://fact.com.pk/archives/april/feng/anza.htm|title=Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance|accessdate=9 June 2013|publisher=The Fact}}</ref> The Anza is also offered for export, [[Malaysia]] being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/IICS-Anza-Mk-II-low-altitude-surface-to-air-missile-system-Pakistan.html|title=IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles|date=2008-02-21|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref>
The Anza is produced by [[Khan Research Laboratories|Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)]], being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/IICS-Anza-Mk-II-low-altitude-surface-to-air-missile-system-Pakistan.html|title=IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles|date=2008-02-21|accessdate=2009-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603155245/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/IICS-Anza-Mk-II-low-altitude-surface-to-air-missile-system-Pakistan.html|archivedate=2012-06-03|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref> Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |title=PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT |accessdate=2009-02-20 |author=Malik Qasim Mustafa |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929145950/http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |archivedate=September 29, 2008 }}</ref> Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the [[Pakistan Army]],<ref name="Inventory" /> with the Mk-III version being the most recent.<ref name="Fact">{{cite news|url=http://fact.com.pk/archives/april/feng/anza.htm|title=Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance|accessdate=9 June 2013|publisher=The Fact}}</ref>


GIDS currently manufactures the Anza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/sofex_2018_official_online_show_daily_news/defense_industry_of_pakistan_for_the_first_time_at_sofex_defense_exhibition.html|title=Defense Industry of Pakistan for the first time at SOFEX defense exhibition &#124; SOFEX 2018 Official Online Show Daily News &#124; Defence security military exhibition 2018 daily news category|website=armyrecognition.com|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>
⚫
==Development and design==

⚫
==Development==
Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pakistan Needs Foreign Help to Develop Missiles |via=Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control |journal=The Risk Report |date=October 1995 |volume=1 |issue=8 |page=9 |url=http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/pak-help-missiles.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007232310/http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/pak-help-missiles.htm |archivedate=2008-10-07 }}</ref>
Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pakistan Needs Foreign Help to Develop Missiles |via=Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control |journal=The Risk Report |date=October 1995 |volume=1 |issue=8 |page=9 |url=http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/pak-help-missiles.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007232310/http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/pak-help-missiles.htm |archivedate=2008-10-07 }}</ref>


The Anza Mk-I entered service with the [[Pakistan Army]] in January 1990,<ref name="Fact" /><ref name="MKI" /><ref name="MKII" /> followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.<ref name="MKII" /> Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the [[Pakistan Army]] was announced in 2006.
The Anza Mk-I entered service with the [[Pakistan Army]] in January 1990,<ref name="Fact" /><ref name="MKI" /><ref name="MKII" /> followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.<ref name="MKII" /> Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the [[Pakistan Army]] was announced in 2006.


In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|title=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|author=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|accessdate=2009-02-20|date=May 2005|publisher=National Defense|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610224950/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the [[United Arab Emirates]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/22/eng20070222_351674.html|title=Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report|author=Xinhua|publisher=People's Daily|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304174513/http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-04 |title=Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Financial Daily International }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |title=Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Asian Defence Journal |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213042/http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |archivedate=24 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Pakistan has also advertised the Anza series for export,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|title=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|author=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|accessdate=2009-02-20|date=May 2005|publisher=National Defense|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610224950/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the [[United Arab Emirates]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/22/eng20070222_351674.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613214449/http://en.people.cn/200702/22/eng20070222_351674.html|archivedate=2019-06-13|title=Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report|author=Xinhua|publisher=People's Daily|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304174513/http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-04 |title=Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Financial Daily International }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |title=Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Asian Defence Journal |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213042/http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |archivedate=24 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


===Training aids===
===Training aids===
Line 48: Line 54:


The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.<ref name="Drone">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics,+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |title=High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organization |accessdate=2009-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219193320/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics%2C+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |archivedate=2012-02-19 }}</ref> It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.<ref name="Drone" /> The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.<ref name="Drone" />
The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.<ref name="Drone">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics,+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |title=High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organization |accessdate=2009-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219193320/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics%2C+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |archivedate=2012-02-19 }}</ref> It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.<ref name="Drone" /> The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.<ref name="Drone" />

⚫
==Operational history==
⚫
On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used by the Pakistan Army's [[Pakistan Army Air Defence Corps|Air Defence Forces]] to shoot down an Indian [[Mig-21]] and [[Mi-17]] during [[Kargil War|the Kargil conflict]].<ref name="MKI" />

⚫
In December 2002, The Indian media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the [[Line of Control]] in [[Kupwara]], [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021215/asp/nation/story_1482241.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913122815/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021215/asp/nation/story_1482241.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 13, 2012|title=Missile found in Valley|date=2002-01-15|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2002/kashmir20021214b.html|title=Jawans recover surface-to-air missile near LoC|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2002-12-14|publisher=J&K News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306202420/http://www.jammu-kashmir.com:80/archives/archives2002/kashmir20021214b.html|archivedate=2016-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=17685|title=Pak-made missile found at militant hideout in J-K|date=2002-12-15|accessdate=2009-02-20|author=Press Trust of India|publisher=Express India|archive-date=2012-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928191455/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=17685|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2576137.stm | work=BBC News | title=Missile found in Kashmir | date=2002-12-14 | accessdate=2010-04-25}}</ref>
⚫
In 2002, Indian media sources again claimed that an Anza MANPAD was fired at an [[Indian Air Force]] [[Antonov An-32]] over the [[Line of Control]]; the plane was able to land safely.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiadefence.com/AN_32.htm|title=WHAT'S HOT? –– ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042243/http://www.indiadefence.com/AN_32.htm|archive-date=2009-03-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

⚫
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of [[Saudi Arabia]] and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=53014&d=17&m=10&y=2004|title=More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan|publisher=Arab News|author=Mohammed Rasooldeen|date=2004-10-17|accessdate=2009-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041017052441/http://arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=53014&d=17&m=10&y=2004|archivedate=2004-10-17}}</ref>

⚫
In November 2008, the [[Pakistan Army]] conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=90|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321150712/https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=90|url-status=dead|archive-date=2023-03-21|title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan|date=21 March 2023|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref> in a semi-desert area near [[Muzaffargarh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2008/November/international_November1508.xml&section=international |title=Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft |publisher=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=2008-11-21 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194904/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data%2Finternational%2F2008%2FNovember%2Finternational_November1508.xml&section=international |archivedate=2011-06-08 }}</ref> in response to [[United States-Pakistan skirmishes|covert attacks]] on targets in north-west Pakistan by American [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/11/pakistans-army/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926164813/https://www.wired.com/2008/11/pakistans-army/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-09-26|title=Pakistan's Army Practices Drone Shoot-Downs &#124; WIRED|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref> In the same month, the chief of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones, but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/pakistan/39035.htm|title='Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones'|date=2008-11-25|publisher=Sindh Today|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |title=Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061325/http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |archivedate=2011-06-14 }}</ref>

In 2014, it was reported that the Saudi government sought to obtain Anzas in an effort to provide support for anti-Assad forces in Syria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/saudi_arabia_in_talks_with_pakistan_to_provide_anti-aircraft_anti-tank_weapons_to_syrian_rebels_2302.html|title=Saudi Arabia in talks with Pakistan to provide anti-aircraft anti-tank weapons to Syrian rebels 2302 &#124; February 2014 Global Defense Security news UK &#124; Defense Security Global news Industry army 2014|website=www.armyrecognition.com|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>

In June 2015, Small Arms Survey reported that Anzas were used by Libya in 2011.<ref name="SASREPORT15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/missing-missiles-proliferation-man-portable-air-defence-systems-north-africa-sana-issue|title=Missing Missiles: The Proliferation of Man-portable Air Defence Systems in North Africa (SANA Issue Brief 2)|date=15 June 2015|website=www.smallarmssurvey.org|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>


==Variants==
==Variants==
* '''Anza Mk-I''' - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Development is based on the Chinese [[HN-5|HN-5B]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2004.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113173716/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2004.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 13, 2010|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2004/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2004-Chapter-03-EN.pdf|chapter=Big Issue, Big Problem?: MANPADS|title=Small Arms Survey 2004: Development Denied|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|pages=87|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2004}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |title=HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-12-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201094551/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |archivedate=2008-12-01 }}</ref> A British source the Anza is a copy of the [[SA-7 Grail]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://babriet.tripod.com/articles/art_armoredge.htm|title=Pak armour has edge over India|last=Cloughley|first=Brian|work=Jane's Intelligence Review|publisher=Jane's Information Group|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.<ref name="Report" />
* '''Anza Mk-I''' - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Development is based on the Chinese [[HN-5|HN-5B]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2004.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113173716/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2004.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 13, 2010|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2004/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2004-Chapter-03-EN.pdf|chapter=Big Issue, Big Problem?: MANPADS|title=Small Arms Survey 2004: Development Denied|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|pages=87|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2004}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |title=HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-12-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201094551/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |archivedate=2008-12-01 }}</ref> A British source said the Anza is a copy of the [[SA-7 Grail]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://babriet.tripod.com/articles/art_armoredge.htm|title=Pak armour has edge over India|last=Cloughley|first=Brian|work=Jane's Intelligence Review|publisher=Jane's Information Group|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989 and 1998.<ref name="Report" />


[[File:Anza Mk II.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.]]
[[File:Anza Mk II.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.]]
* '''Anza Mk-II''' - A third generation MANPADS,<ref name="Anza Report">{{cite web|url=http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461534&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|title=SHOULDER LAUNCHED MISSILES (A.K.A. MANPADS): The Ominous Threat to Commercial Aviation|author=James C. "Chris" Whitmire|publisher=USAF Counterproliferation Center|accessdate=2009-02-20| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213025/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461534&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 | url-status= dead}}</ref> believed to be based on the Chinese [[QW-1]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw1.asp |title=QW-1 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile |date=2007-07-30 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |publisher=Sino Defence |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007084559/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw1.asp |archivedate=2008-10-07 }}</ref>{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2004|p=81}} Uses a dual-band, cross-scan [[infrared homing]] seeker to counter [[decoy flare]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mputtre.com/id21.html|title=Facing the Shoulder-Fired Threat|author=Michael Puttré|date=2001-04-01|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=eDefenseonline.com & Horizon House Publications|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111180218/http://www.mputtre.com/id21.html|archivedate=11 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also believed to use American missile technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international.gc.ca/arms-armes/isrop-prisi/research-recherche/nonproliferation/declerq1999/section15.aspx?lang=eng|title=Trends in Small Arms and Light Weapons Development: Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Dimensions|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade]]|date=2008-08-21}}</ref> Approximately 2450 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994-2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|author=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|accessdate=2010-05-12| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php| archivedate= 14 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
* '''Anza Mk-II''' - A third generation MANPADS,<ref name="Anza Report">{{cite web|url=http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461534&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|title=SHOULDER LAUNCHED MISSILES (A.K.A. MANPADS): The Ominous Threat to Commercial Aviation|author=James C. "Chris" Whitmire|publisher=USAF Counterproliferation Center|accessdate=2009-02-20| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213025/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461534&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 | url-status= dead}}</ref> believed to be based on the Chinese [[QW-1]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw1.asp |title=QW-1 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile |date=2007-07-30 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |publisher=Sino Defence |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007084559/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw1.asp |archivedate=2008-10-07 }}</ref>{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2004|p=81}} Uses a dual-band, cross-scan [[infrared homing]] seeker to counter [[decoy flare]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mputtre.com/id21.html|title=Facing the Shoulder-Fired Threat|author=Michael Puttré|date=2001-04-01|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=eDefenseonline.com & Horizon House Publications|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111180218/http://www.mputtre.com/id21.html|archivedate=11 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also believed to use American missile technology.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321152000/https://gac.canadiana.ca/view/ooe.b3497847E/1|url=https://gac.canadiana.ca/view/ooe.b3497847E/2|archivedate=2023-03-21|title=Trends in Small Arms and Light Weapons Development: Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Dimensions|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade]]|date=2008-08-21}}</ref> Approximately 2650 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994 and 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|author=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|accessdate=2010-05-12| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php| archivedate= 14 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

* '''Anza Mk-III''' - Believed to be based on the Chinese [[QW-2]] MANPADS,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw2.asp|title=QW-2 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile|publisher=Sino Defence|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217030801/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw2.asp|archive-date=2008-12-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> modifications made to meet [[Pakistan Army]] requirements include increased range up to 5&nbsp;km, improved sensors and a new firing unit similar to the Russian [[9K38 Igla]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabkesari.com/frmNewsDetails.aspx?uid=24801 |title=Pakistan builds on Chinese missile system |accessdate=2009-02-09 |newspaper=Punjab Kesari |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715132120/http://www.punjabkesari.com/frmNewsDetails.aspx?uid=24801 |archivedate=2011-07-15 }}</ref><ref name=stgpg>{{cite web|title=China Hustles Stinger Tech to Pakistan|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/articles/20060531.aspx|publisher=strategypage.com|date=May 31, 2006|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021}} [[All-aspect]] attack capability and improved [[Electronic counter-countermeasures|ECCM]] capability.<ref name="Fact" /> It also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.
* '''Anza Mk-III''' - Believed to be based on the Chinese [[QW-2]] MANPADS,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw2.asp|title=QW-2 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile|publisher=Sino Defence|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217030801/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/qw2.asp|archive-date=2008-12-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> modifications made to meet [[Pakistan Army]] requirements include increased range up to 5&nbsp;km, improved sensors and a new firing unit similar to the Russian [[9K38 Igla]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabkesari.com/frmNewsDetails.aspx?uid=24801 |title=Pakistan builds on Chinese missile system |accessdate=2009-02-09 |newspaper=Punjab Kesari |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715132120/http://www.punjabkesari.com/frmNewsDetails.aspx?uid=24801 |archivedate=2011-07-15 }}</ref><ref name=stgpg>{{cite web|title=China Hustles Stinger Tech to Pakistan|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/articles/20060531.aspx|publisher=strategypage.com|date=May 31, 2006|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021}} [[All-aspect]] attack capability and improved [[Electronic counter-countermeasures|ECCM]] capability.<ref name="Fact" /> It also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.


Line 60: Line 81:
[[File:Anza operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with Anza operators in blue]]
[[File:Anza operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with Anza operators in blue]]


* {{flag|Libya}}: Reported to be used in Libya from 2011.<ref name="SASREPORT15"/>
;{{flag|Pakistan}}
* [[Pakistan Army]]- Large numbers of Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.III are in service.<ref name="Inventory">{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information.html|title=Pakistan Armée Pakistanaise forces terrestres équipements et véhicules|accessdate=2009-02-09|website=Army Recognition|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024111821/http://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information.html|archivedate=2008-10-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Pakistan}}: Large numbers of Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.III are in service with the Pakistani Army.<ref name="Inventory">{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information.html|title=Pakistan Armée Pakistanaise forces terrestres équipements et véhicules|accessdate=2009-02-09|website=Army Recognition|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024111821/http://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information.html|archivedate=2008-10-24}}</ref>
⚫
* {{flag|Malaysia}}: 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002.{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2004|p=87}} 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of a [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]446 million arms deal with Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html |title=MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA |author=MAH |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-04-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094217/http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html/ |archivedate=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> used to arm the [[10 Paratrooper Brigade (Malaysia)|10th Paratrooper Brigade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2290364_ITM|title=Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force|date=2003-10-15|accessdate=2009-02-09 | work=Worldsources Online}}</ref>

* {{flag|Syria}}: Anza Mk.-IIs captured from rebels.<ref name="jlad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2016/03/18/new-manpads-variant-appears-syria/|title=A New MANPADS Variant Appears in Syria|date=March 18, 2016|access-date=18 October 2023|publisher=Bellingcat}}</ref>
;{{flag|Malaysia}}
* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Anza Mk-IIs reported to be acquired by the Ukrainian military.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/pakistan-to-supply-anza-mark-ii-manpads-to-ukraine/|title=Pakistan to Supply Anza Mark-II MANPADS to Ukraine|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Malaysian Army]] - 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002.{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2004|p=87}} 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of a [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]446 million arms deal with Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html |title=MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA |author=MAH |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-04-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094217/http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html/ |archivedate=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> used to arm the [[10 Paratrooper Brigade (Malaysia)|10th Paratrooper Brigade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2290364_ITM|title=Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force|date=2003-10-15|accessdate=2009-02-09 | work=Worldsources Online}}</ref>

⚫
==Operational history==
⚫
On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used by the [[Pakistan Army]] Air Defence forces to attack an Indian aircraft during [[Kargil War|the Kargil conflict]] with India, which shot down two Indian aircraft, one [[MIG-21]] and one [[Mi-17]].<ref name="MKI" />

⚫
In December 2002, The Indian media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the [[Line of Control]] in [[Kupwara]], [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021215/asp/nation/story_1482241.asp|title=Missile found in Valley|date=2002-01-15|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2002/kashmir20021214b.html|title=Jawans recover surface-to-air missile near LoC|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2002-12-14|publisher=J&K News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=17685|title=Pak-made missile found at militant hideout in J-K|date=2002-12-15|accessdate=2009-02-20|author=Press Trust of India|publisher=Express India}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2576137.stm | work=BBC News | title=Missile found in Kashmir | date=2002-12-14 | accessdate=2010-04-25}}</ref>
⚫
In 2002, Indian media sources again claimed that an Anza MANPAD was fired at an [[Indian Air Force]] [[Antonov An-32]] over the [[Line of Control]]; the plane was able to land safely.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiadefence.com/AN_32.htm|title=WHAT'S HOT? –– ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042243/http://www.indiadefence.com/AN_32.htm|archive-date=2009-03-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

⚫
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of [[Saudi Arabia]] and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=53014&d=17&m=10&y=2004|title=More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan|publisher=Arab News|author=Mohammed Rasooldeen|date=2004-10-17|accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref>

⚫
In 2008, the [[Pakistan Army]] conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southasiamonitor.org/2008/Nov/news/24pak2.shtml|title=Gilani says no agreement with US on drone attacks; army practice shoot downs|publisher=South Asia Monitor|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> in a semi-desert area near [[Muzaffargarh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2008/November/international_November1508.xml&section=international |title=Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft |publisher=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=2008-11-21 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194904/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data%2Finternational%2F2008%2FNovember%2Finternational_November1508.xml&section=international |archivedate=2011-06-08 }}</ref> in response to [[United States-Pakistan skirmishes|covert attacks]] on targets in north-west Pakistan by American [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)]], also known as drones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/11/ap_pakistanuav_112108/|title=Pakistan army stages UAV shoot-down exercise |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2008-11-21 |publisher=Army Times }}</ref> In November 2008, the chief of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/pakistan/39035.htm|title='Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones'|date=2008-11-25|publisher=Sindh Today|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |title=Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061325/http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |archivedate=2011-06-14 }}</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
| || '''Anza Mk-I''' <ref name="MKI">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm|title=SA-7 GRAIL|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]]|author=John Pike|date=1999-03-21|accessdate=2009-02-09| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090203110123/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm| archivedate= 3 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> || '''Anza Mk-II''' <ref name="MKII">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/qw-1.htm|title=QW-1|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]]|author=John Pike|date=1999-08-10}}</ref> || '''Anza Mk-III'''
| || '''Anza Mk-I''' <ref name="MKI">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm|title=SA-7 GRAIL|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]]|author=John Pike|date=1999-03-21|accessdate=2009-02-09| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090203110123/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm| archivedate= 3 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> || '''Anza Mk-II''' <ref name="MKII">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/qw-1.htm|title=QW-1|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]]|author=John Pike|date=1999-08-10|archive-date=2016-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828034623/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/qw-1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> || '''Anza Mk-III'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan_pakistani_army_missile_systems_vehicles_u/anza_mk-i_mk-ii_mk-iii_man-portable_air_defense_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications.html|title=Anza Mk-I Mk-II Mk-III man-portable air defense missile system technical data sheet specifications &#124; Pakistan Pakistani army missile systems vehicles U &#124; Pakistan Pakistani army military equipment vehicle|date=8 May 2018|website=www.armyrecognition.com|accessdate=8 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|-
| '''Length (missile and booster)''' || 1.44 m || 1.447 m || 1.59 m
| '''Length (missile and booster)''' || 1.44 m || 1.447 m || 1.59 m
Line 110: Line 121:
|-
|-
|}
|}

==Comparable systems==
* [[FIM-92 Stinger]]
* [[Grom (missile)]]
* [[Mistral (missile)]]
* [[Starstreak missile]]
* [[9K38 Igla]]
* [[RBS 70]]
* [[QW-1 Vanguard#QW-3|QW-3]]
* [[KP-SAM Shingung]]


==References==
==References==
Line 125: Line 126:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm Anza MKI - Pakistan]
*[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm Anza MKI - Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203110123/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-7.htm |date=2009-02-03 }}


{{commons category|Anza MK-II}}
{{commons category|Anza MK-II}}

Latest revision as of 04:14, 30 September 2024

Anza
Anza Mk-II
TypeMan-portable air-defence system (MANPADS)
Place of originPakistan
Service history
In service1989–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsSyrian Civil War
Kargil War
Production history
Manufacturer
Produced1988[4]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications (Anza Mk-II)
Mass16.5 kg [5]
Length1.44 m
Diameter7.2 cm
Warhead1.42 kg shaped charge [5]
EngineRocket motor
PropellantSolid propellant
Operational
range
500–6000 m
Flight altitude30–4000 m
Maximum speed 600+ m/s[6]
Guidance
system
Infrared homing[5]
Launch
platform
Human, vehicle.

The Anza (عنزہ Anza) is a series of shoulder-fired, man-portable surface-to-air missiles produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infrared homing seeker, the Anza is used for short range air defence.[7][8]

The Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects.[9] Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.[10] Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army,[11] with the Mk-III version being the most recent.[12]

GIDS currently manufactures the Anza.[13]

Development

[edit]

Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.[14]

The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army in January 1990,[12][15][16] followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.[16] Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army was announced in 2006.

Pakistan has also advertised the Anza series for export,[17] displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates[18] and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.[19][20]

Training aids

[edit]

The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.[21]

The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.[22] It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.[22] The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.[22]

Operational history

[edit]

On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used by the Pakistan Army's Air Defence Forces to shoot down an Indian Mig-21 and Mi-17 during the Kargil conflict.[15]

In December 2002, The Indian media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control in Kupwara, Kashmir.[23] An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001.[24][25][26] In 2002, Indian media sources again claimed that an Anza MANPAD was fired at an Indian Air Force Antonov An-32 over the Line of Control; the plane was able to land safely.[27]

In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.[28]

In November 2008, the Pakistan Army conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II[29] in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh[30] in response to covert attacks on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).[31] In the same month, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones, but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.[32] In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles[33]

In 2014, it was reported that the Saudi government sought to obtain Anzas in an effort to provide support for anti-Assad forces in Syria.[34]

In June 2015, Small Arms Survey reported that Anzas were used by Libya in 2011.[35]

Variants

[edit]
  • Anza Mk-I - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the Pakistan Army. Development is based on the Chinese HN-5B MANPADS.[36][37] A British source said the Anza is a copy of the SA-7 Grail.[38] Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989 and 1998.[4]
Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.
  • Anza Mk-II - A third generation MANPADS,[39] believed to be based on the Chinese QW-1 MANPADS.[40][41] Uses a dual-band, cross-scan infrared homing seeker to counter decoy flares.[42] Also believed to use American missile technology.[43] Approximately 2650 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994 and 2022.[44]
  • Anza Mk-III - Believed to be based on the Chinese QW-2 MANPADS,[45] modifications made to meet Pakistan Army requirements include increased range up to 5 km, improved sensors and a new firing unit similar to the Russian 9K38 Igla MANPADS.[46][47][unreliable source?] All-aspect attack capability and improved ECCM capability.[12] It also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.

Operators

[edit]
Map with Anza operators in blue
  •  Libya: Reported to be used in Libya from 2011.[35]
  •  Pakistan: Large numbers of Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.III are in service with the Pakistani Army.[11]
  •  Malaysia: 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002.[48] 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of a RM446 million arms deal with Pakistan,[49] used to arm the 10th Paratrooper Brigade.[50]
  •  Syria: Anza Mk.-IIs captured from rebels.[51]
  •  Ukraine: Anza Mk-IIs reported to be acquired by the Ukrainian military.[52]

Specifications

[edit]
Anza Mk-I [15] Anza Mk-II [16] Anza Mk-III[53]
Length (missile and booster) 1.44 m 1.447 m 1.59 m
Weight (launcher and missile) 15 kg 16.5 kg 18 kg
Missile weight 9.8 kg 10.68 kg 11.32 kg
Propulsion Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch)
Guidance Uncooled PbS passive infrared homing seeker Cooled InSb passive infrared homing seeker Dual-band infrared homing seeker
Warhead HE fragmentation
(containing 0.37 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 0.55 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 1.42 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing
Average cruise speed 500 m/s 600 m/s >600 m/s
Max maneuvering 6 g 16 g
Self destruction time 14 to 17 s 14 to 18 s
Slant range 1,200 m to 4,200 m 500 m to 5,000 m 6,000 m
Altitude 50 m to 2300 m 30 m to 4,000 m 10 m to 3,500 m
Weapon reaction time 5 s 3.5 s 3.5 s
Ready from the march 10 s 10 s 10 s
Battery life 40 s 50 s 50 s

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "DSA 2018: Pakistan Dips Its Toes In ASEAN". 8 May 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  3. ^ "Over-View Of Pakistani Weapon Systems". Pakistani Defence. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  4. ^ a b "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  5. ^ a b c "PAF Weapons & Missiles". Pakistani Defence. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  6. ^ Robin Hughes (2 December 2002). "SAM attack on jet reignites old fears". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  7. ^ "MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force". Defence Talk. 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  8. ^ B. Muralidhar Reddy (28 March 2001). "Pak. testfires missiles". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  9. ^ "IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles". Jane's Information Group. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  10. ^ Malik Qasim Mustafa. "PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT". Archived from the original on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  11. ^ a b "Pakistan Armée Pakistanaise forces terrestres équipements et véhicules". Army Recognition (in French). Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  12. ^ a b c "Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance". The Fact. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  13. ^ "Defense Industry of Pakistan for the first time at SOFEX defense exhibition | SOFEX 2018 Official Online Show Daily News | Defence security military exhibition 2018 daily news category". armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  14. ^ "Pakistan Needs Foreign Help to Develop Missiles". The Risk Report. 1 (8): 9. October 1995. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008 – via Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.
  15. ^ a b c John Pike (21 March 1999). "SA-7 GRAIL". FAS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  16. ^ a b c John Pike (10 August 1999). "QW-1". FAS. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  17. ^ Pakistan Pushing Military Exports (May 2005). "Pakistan Pushing Military Exports". National Defense. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  18. ^ Xinhua. "Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report". People's Daily. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  19. ^ "Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS)". Financial Daily International. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  20. ^ "Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS)" (PDF). Asian Defence Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  21. ^ "Training Simulator for Anza MK-II (ATS-II)". Defence Export Promotion Organisation. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
  22. ^ a b c "High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK". Defence Export Promotion Organization. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  23. ^ "Missile found in Valley". The Telegraph. 15 January 2002. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  24. ^ "Jawans recover surface-to-air missile near LoC". J&K News. 14 December 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  25. ^ Press Trust of India (15 December 2002). "Pak-made missile found at militant hideout in J-K". Express India. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  26. ^ "Missile found in Kashmir". BBC News. 14 December 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  27. ^ "WHAT'S HOT? –– ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS". INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  28. ^ Mohammed Rasooldeen (17 October 2004). "More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan". Arab News. Archived from the original on 17 October 2004. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  29. ^ "Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan". 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  30. ^ "Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft". Khaleej Times. 21 November 2008. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  31. ^ "Pakistan's Army Practices Drone Shoot-Downs | WIRED". 26 September 2022. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  32. ^ "'Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones'". Sindh Today. 25 November 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2009. [dead link‍]
  33. ^ "Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3". Archived from the original on 14 June 2011.
  34. ^ "Saudi Arabia in talks with Pakistan to provide anti-aircraft anti-tank weapons to Syrian rebels 2302 | February 2014 Global Defense Security news UK | Defense Security Global news Industry army 2014". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  35. ^ a b "Missing Missiles: The Proliferation of Man-portable Air Defence Systems in North Africa (SANA Issue Brief 2)". www.smallarmssurvey.org. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  36. ^ Small Arms Survey (2004). "Big Issue, Big Problem?: MANPADS". Small Arms Survey 2004: Development Denied. Oxford University Press. p. 87. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2010.
  37. ^ "HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". 21 December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  38. ^ Cloughley, Brian. "Pak armour has edge over India". Jane's Intelligence Review. Jane's Information Group. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  39. ^ James C. "Chris" Whitmire. "SHOULDER LAUNCHED MISSILES (A.K.A. MANPADS): The Ominous Threat to Commercial Aviation" (PDF). USAF Counterproliferation Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  40. ^ "QW-1 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". Sino Defence. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  41. ^ Small Arms Survey 2004, p. 81.
  42. ^ Michael Puttré (1 April 2001). "Facing the Shoulder-Fired Threat". eDefenseonline.com & Horizon House Publications. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  43. ^ "Trends in Small Arms and Light Weapons Development: Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Dimensions". Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. 21 August 2008. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  44. ^ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons". Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  45. ^ "QW-2 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". Sino Defence. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  46. ^ "Pakistan builds on Chinese missile system". Punjab Kesari. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  47. ^ "China Hustles Stinger Tech to Pakistan". strategypage.com. 31 May 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  48. ^ Small Arms Survey 2004, p. 87.
  49. ^ MAH (2 April 2007). "MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA". Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  50. ^ "Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force". Worldsources Online. 15 October 2003. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  51. ^ "A New MANPADS Variant Appears in Syria". Bellingcat. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  52. ^ "Pakistan to Supply Anza Mark-II MANPADS to Ukraine". Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  53. ^ "Anza Mk-I Mk-II Mk-III man-portable air defense missile system technical data sheet specifications | Pakistan Pakistani army missile systems vehicles U | Pakistan Pakistani army military equipment vehicle". www.armyrecognition.com. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anza MK-II.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Anza_(missile)&oldid=1248552281"