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Duodenum with brush border of microvilli.

A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvillus-covered surface of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers. Because individual microvilli are so small and are tightly packed in the brush border, individual microvilli can only be resolved using electron microscopes;^[1] with a light microscope they can usually only be seen collectively as a fuzzy fringe at the surface of the epithelium. This fuzzy appearance gave rise to the term brush border, as early anatomists noted that this structure appeared very much like the bristles of a paintbrush.

Brush border cells are found mainly in the following organs:

The small intestine tract: This is where absorption takes place.^[2]^[3]^[4] The brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins. These enzymes are found near to the transporters that will then allow absorption of the digested nutrients.
The kidney: Here the brush border is useful in distinguishing the proximal tubule (which possesses the brush border) from the distal convoluted tubule (which does not).^[5]^[6]
The large intestine also has microvilli on the surface of its enterocytes.

The brush border morphology increases a cell's surface area, a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient.^[7]

In intestinal cells, the microvilli are referred to as brush border and are protoplasmic extensions contrary to villi which are submucosal folds, while in the kidneys, microvilli are referred to as striated border.^[8]

References

^ Histology image:21901loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Histology image:12202loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Histology image:11703loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Basic Histology – Intestinal Columnar Epithelium
^ Histology image: 35_19 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - Kidney
^ Histology at KUMC urinary-renal13 "Tubules"
^ Southern Illinois School of Medicine: Specialized GI Cells
^ Ross, Michael H. Histology : a text and atlas / Michael H. Ross, Wojech Pawlina., -5th ed. p 102.

[1] Histology image:21901loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.

[2] Histology image:12202loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.

[3] Histology image:11703loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.

[4] Basic Histology – Intestinal Columnar Epithelium

[5] Histology image: 35_19 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - Kidney

[6] Histology at KUMC urinary-renal13 "Tubules"

[7] Southern Illinois School of Medicine: Specialized GI Cells

[8] Ross, Michael H. Histology : a text and atlas / Michael H. Ross, Wojech Pawlina., -5th ed. p 102.

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+{{Short description|Microvilli-covered surface of epithelium found throughout the body}}
-[[Image:Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG|thumb|[[Duodenum]] with brush border ([[microvilli|microvillus]])]]
+[[Image:Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG|thumb|[[Duodenum]] with brush border of [[microvillus|microvilli]].]] [[Image:Normal Villus Illustration.png|thumb|right|210px|Illustration of the brush border membrane of small intestinal villi]]
+A '''brush border''' ('''striated border''' or '''brush border membrane''') is the [[Microvillus|microvillus-covered]] surface of [[simple cuboidal epithelium|simple cuboidal]] and [[simple columnar epithelium]] found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers.  Because individual microvilli are so small and are tightly packed in the brush border, individual microvilli can only be resolved using [[electron microscope]]s;<ref>{{BUHistology|21901loa|inline=1}}</ref> with a [[light microscope]] they can usually only be seen collectively as a fuzzy fringe at the surface of the epithelium.  This fuzzy appearance gave rise to the term '''brush border''', as early anatomists noted that this structure appeared very much like the bristles of a paintbrush.
+'''Brush border cells''' are found mainly in the following organs:
-[[Image:Normal_Villus_Illustration.png|thumb|right|210px|Illustration of the brush border membrane of small intestinal villi]]
-A '''brush border''' (or '''striated border''') is the name for the [[microvilli]]-covered surface of [[simple cuboidal epithelium]] and [[simple columnar epithelium]] cells found in certain locations of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers in length.  Because individual microvilli are so small and are tightly packed in the brush border, individual microvilli can only be resolved using [[electron microscope]]s;<ref>{{BUHistology|21901loa}}</ref> with a [[light microscope]] they can usually only be seen collectively as a fuzzy fringe at the surface of the epithelium.  This fuzzy appearance gave rise to the term '''brush border''', as early anatomists noted that this structure appeared very much like the bristles of a paintbrush.
+* The [[small intestine]] tract: This is where [[absorption (small intestine)|absorption]] takes place.<ref>{{BUHistology|12202loa|inline=1}}</ref><ref>{{BUHistology|11703loa|inline=1}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pathguy.com/histo/085.htm Basic Histology – Intestinal Columnar Epithelium<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins. These enzymes are found near to the transporters that will then allow absorption of the digested nutrients.
-'''Brush border cells''' are found in two main locations:
+* The [[kidney]]: Here the brush border is useful in distinguishing the [[proximal tubule]] (which possesses the brush border) from the [[distal convoluted tubule]] (which does not).<ref>{{OklahomaHistology|35_19}} - [[Kidney]]</ref><ref>{{KansasHistology|urinary|renal13}} "Tubules"</ref>
+* The [[large intestine]] also has microvilli on the surface of its [[enterocytes]].
+The brush border morphology increases a cell's [[surface area]], a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient.<ref>[http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/gicells.htm Southern Illinois School of Medicine: Specialized GI Cells]</ref>
-* The [[small intestine]] tract: This is where [[absorption]] takes place.<ref>{{BUHistology|12202loa}}</ref><ref>{{BUHistology|11703loa}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pathguy.com/histo/085.htm Basic Histology - Intestinal Columnar Epithelium<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins. These enzymes are found near to the transporters that will then allow absorption of the digested nutrients.
+In intestinal cells, the microvilli are referred to as brush border and are [[membrane protrusion|protoplasmic extensions]] contrary to villi which are submucosal folds, while in the kidneys, microvilli are referred to as striated border.<ref>Ross, Michael H. Histology : a text and atlas / Michael H. Ross, Wojech Pawlina., -5th ed. p 102.</ref>
-* The [[kidney]]: Here the brush border is useful in distinguishing the [[proximal tubule]] (which possesses the brush border) from the [[distal tubule]] (which does not).<ref>{{OklahomaHistology|35_19}} - [[Kidney]]</ref><ref>{{KansasHistology|urinary|renal13}} "Tubules"</ref>
+== See also ==
-The brush border morphology increases a cell's [[surface area]], a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient.<ref>[http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/gicells.htm Southern Illinois School of Medicine: Specialized GI Cells]</ref>
+* [[List of distinct cell types in the adult human body]]
+* [[Terminal web]]
 ==References==
 <references/>
-{{anatomy-stub}}
 [[Category:Biomechanics]]
 [[Category:Epithelial cells]]
-[[ja:刷子縁]]
-[[nl:Brush border]]