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{{short description|American biologist}}
{{short description|American biologist (born 1958)}}
{{Western name order|Yuan Junying}}
{{Western name order|Yuan Junying}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
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|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|10|03|mf=yes}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|10|03|mf=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Shanghai]], China
|birth_place = [[Shanghai]], China
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|nationality = American
|ethnicity = [[Chinese American]]
|field = [[Biology]]<br />[[Cell death]]
|field = [[Biology]]<br />[[Cell death]]
|work_institutions = [[Harvard Medical School]]
|work_institutions = [[Harvard Medical School]]
Line 14: Line 13:
|known_for = [[Apoptosis|Apoptosis research]]<br />[[Necroptosis]]
|known_for = [[Apoptosis|Apoptosis research]]<br />[[Necroptosis]]
}}
}}
'''Junying Yuan''' ({{zh|s=袁钧瑛|p=Yuán Jūnyīng}}, born October 3, 1958) is the [[Betty Hay|Elizabeth D. Hay]] Professor of Cell Biology at [[Harvard Medical School]],<ref name = hay>{{cite news|url=http://hms.harvard.edu/news/yuan-named-hay-professor-cell-biology|title=Yuan Named Hay Professor of Cell Biology|newspaper=HMS News|accessdate=13 May 2015}}</ref> best known for her work in [[cell death]]. Early in her career, she contributed significant findings to the discovery and characterization of [[apoptosis]].<ref name = apopa>{{Cite journal
'''Junying Yuan''' ({{zh|s=袁钧瑛|p=Yuán Jūnyīng}}, born October 3, 1958) is the [[Betty Hay|Elizabeth D. Hay]] Professor of Cell Biology at [[Harvard Medical School]],<ref name = hay>{{cite news|url=http://hms.harvard.edu/news/yuan-named-hay-professor-cell-biology|title=Yuan Named Hay Professor of Cell Biology|newspaper=HMS News|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> best known for her work in [[cell death]]. Early in her career, she contributed significant findings to the discovery and characterization of [[apoptosis]].<ref name = apopa>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 2307287
| pmid = 2307287
| year = 1990
| year = 1990
Line 39: Line 38:
| last2 = Horvitz
| last2 = Horvitz
| first2 = H. R.
| first2 = H. R.
| doi = 10.1242/dev.116.2.309
}}</ref> More recently, she was responsible for the discovery of the programmed form of necrotic cell death known as [[necroptosis]].<ref name = necrop>{{Cite journal
}}</ref> More recently, she was responsible for the discovery of the programmed form of necrotic cell death known as [[necroptosis]].<ref name = necrop>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 16408008
| pmid = 16408008
Line 68: Line 68:
| first10 = J
| first10 = J
| doi = 10.1038/nchembio711
| doi = 10.1038/nchembio711
| s2cid = 866321
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Education and early career==
==Education and early career==
Yuan was born in [[Shanghai]], her maternal grandfather was the scholar and translator Li Qingya (李青崖), and her paternal grandfather, Yuan Kaiji (袁开基), was a famous professor of organic chemistry. Her parents were both medical professors at [[Fudan University Shanghai Medical College]], while her uncle, [[Yuan Chengye]], was a professor and an academician of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]. Junying Yuan attended [[Fudan University]] following the revival of higher education after its suspension under the [[Cultural Revolution]]. She was among the first wave of students to attempt the newly revived [[National Higher Education Entrance Examination]] in 1977, coming in first of all students who attempted it in Shanghai.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://baike.baidu.com/view/4316768.htm|title = 袁钧瑛|work = http://baike.baidu.com/ Baidu|accessdate = 16 May 2015}}</ref> She completed her [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelors]] in [[Biochemistry]] in 1982, and was subsequently one of the first students admitted to doctoral study in the [[United States]] through the [[CUSPEA|China-U.S. Biochemistry Examination and Application]] (CUSBEA) program, coming in second out of the 25,000 who attempted the CUSBEA in its first year.<ref name = ascb>{{cite news|url=http://www.ascb.org/files/0904profile.pdf|title=Junying Yuan|newspaper=ASCB Profile|accessdate=13 May 2015}}</ref>
Yuan was born in [[Shanghai]], her maternal grandfather was the scholar and translator Li Qingya (李青崖), and her paternal grandfather, Yuan Kaiji (袁开基), was a famous professor of organic chemistry. Her parents were both medical professors at [[Fudan University Shanghai Medical College]], while her uncle, [[Yuan Chengye]], was a professor and an academician of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]. Junying Yuan attended [[Fudan University]] following the revival of higher education after its suspension under the [[Cultural Revolution]]. She was among the first wave of students to attempt the newly revived [[National Higher Education Entrance Examination]] in 1977, coming in first of all students who attempted it in Shanghai.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} She completed her [[Bachelor's degree|bachelor's]] in [[biochemistry]] in 1982, and was subsequently one of the first students admitted to doctoral study in the United States through the [[CUSPEA|China-U.S. Biochemistry Examination and Application]] (CUSBEA) program, coming in second out of the 25,000 who attempted the CUSBEA in its first year.<ref name = ascb>{{cite news|url=http://www.ascb.org/files/0904profile.pdf|title=Junying Yuan|newspaper=ASCB Profile|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref>


In the [[United States]], she completed her [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in [[Neuroscience]](1989) at [[Harvard University]] under the supervision of [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] professor [[H. Robert Horvitz]], where she endeavored to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death in the [[nematode]] ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''. She identified the proteins ced-3 and ced-4 as drivers behind programmed cell death in [[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]], and subsequently identified the mammalian homologue of ced-3 known as interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme(ICE), later called [[caspase-1]].<ref name = apopa/><ref name = apopb/><ref>{{Cite journal
In the United States, she completed her [[Doctor of Philosophy| Ph.D.]] in [[Neuroscience]](1989) at [[Harvard University]] under the supervision of [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] professor [[H. Robert Horvitz]], where she endeavored to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death in the [[nematode]] ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''. She identified the proteins ced-3 and ced-4 as drivers behind programmed cell death in [[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]], and subsequently identified the mammalian homologue of ced-3 known as interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme(ICE), later called [[caspase-1]].<ref name = apopa/><ref name = apopb/><ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 8242740
| pmid = 8242740
| year = 1993
| year = 1993
Line 96: Line 97:


==Career==
==Career==
Junying Yuan established an independent lab at Harvard-affiliated [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] in 1989, immediately upon completion of her PhD.<ref name = ascb/> Her initial efforts were directed towards providing evidence for the functional role of [[caspase]]s in mediating [[mammal]]ian [[apoptosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
Junying Yuan established an independent lab at Harvard-affiliated [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] in 1989, immediately upon completion of her Ph.D. <ref name = ascb/> Her initial efforts were directed towards providing evidence for the functional role of [[caspase]]s in mediating [[mammal]]ian [[apoptosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 8242741
| pmid = 8242741
| year = 1993
| year = 1993
Line 139: Line 140:
| first7 = J
| first7 = J
| doi=10.1126/science.8303301
| doi=10.1126/science.8303301
| bibcode = 1994Sci...263..826G
⚫
}}</ref> Her independent work at this stage provided the first insights into molecular mechanisms in mammalian apoptosis, which contributed significantly to the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] won by her PhD supervisor, [[H. Robert Horvitz|Robert Horvitz]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/horvitz-lecture.pdf|title=H. Robert Horvitz - Nobel Lecture: Worms, Life and Death|work=[https://www.nobelprize.org/ Nobel Prize]|accessdate = 14 May 2015}}</ref>
| s2cid = 19330119
⚫
}}</ref> Her independent work at this stage provided the first insights into molecular mechanisms in mammalian apoptosis, which contributed significantly to the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] won by her Ph.D. supervisor, [[H. Robert Horvitz|Robert Horvitz]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/horvitz-lecture.pdf|title=H. Robert Horvitz - Nobel Lecture: Worms, Life and Death|work= Nobel Prize|access-date = 14 May 2015}}</ref>


In 1996, Yuan moved her lab to the Department of [[Cell Biology]] at [[Harvard Medical School]]'s [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area|Longwood]] campus, where she continued her investigation into cell death. Her work delved further into programmed cell death and revealed a wide cohort of proteins involved in the regulation and consequences of apoptosis. Some notable work includes her discovery that [[BH3 interacting-domain death agonist|BID]] cleavage by [[caspase-8]] mediates mitochondrial damage in apoptosis,<ref>{{Cite journal
In 1996, Yuan moved her lab to the Department of [[Cell Biology]] at [[Harvard Medical School]]'s [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area|Longwood]] campus, where she continued her investigation into cell death. Her work delved further into programmed cell death and revealed a wide cohort of proteins involved in the regulation and consequences of apoptosis. Some notable work includes her discovery that [[BH3 interacting-domain death agonist|BID]] cleavage by [[caspase-8]] mediates mitochondrial damage in apoptosis,<ref>{{Cite journal
Line 158: Line 161:
| first4 = J
| first4 = J
| doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81590-1
| doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81590-1
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> and her discovery of [[caspase-11]]'s role in regulating [[caspase-1]]-driven [[inflammation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
}}</ref> and her discovery of [[caspase-11]]'s role in regulating [[caspase-1]]-driven [[inflammation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 10791975
| pmid = 10791975
Line 194: Line 198:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In 2005, Yuan's group discovered a non-apoptotic form of programmed [[Necrosis|necrotic]] cell death, which they termed "[[necroptosis]]".<ref name = necrop/> Other groups first observed that the stimulation of [[Fas receptor|Fas]]/[[Tumor necrosis factor receptor|TNFR]] family of [[Death domain|death-domain]] receptors(DR) activated a canonical apoptotic pathway; however, in many cell types, not only did caspase inhibition fail to inhibit cell death, as would be expected of canonical apoptosis, but stimulated cells experienced a form of cell death that more closely resembled necrosis than apoptosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
In 2005, Yuan's group discovered a non-apoptotic form of programmed [[Necrosis|necrotic]] cell death, which they termed "[[necroptosis]]".<ref name = necrop/> Other groups first observed that the stimulation of [[Fas receptor|Fas]]/[[Tumor necrosis factor receptor|TNFR]] family of [[Death domain|death-domain]] receptors (DR) activated a canonical apoptotic pathway; however, in many cell types, not only did caspase inhibition fail to inhibit cell death, as would be expected of canonical apoptosis, but stimulated cells experienced a form of cell death that more closely resembled necrosis than apoptosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 9730893
| pmid = 9730893
| pmc = 2213397
| pmc = 2213397
Line 257: Line 261:
| doi = 10.1038/nchembio.83
| doi = 10.1038/nchembio.83
| pmc = 5434866
| pmc = 5434866
}}</ref> thus implicating it as a key player in necroptosis.
}}</ref> thus implicating it as a key player in necroptosis.


Yuan went on to identify and characterize members of the signaling network responsible for regulating necroptosis,<ref>{{Cite journal
Yuan went on to identify and characterize members of the signaling network responsible for regulating necroptosis,<ref>{{Cite journal
Line 296: Line 300:
| doi = 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.013
| doi = 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.013
| doi-access = free
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> {{As of|2019||df=}}, small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 have advanced beyond Phase I [[Phase I clinical research|human clinical trials]] for the treatment of various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer’s disease]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[psoriasis]], and [[Crohn's disease|Crohn’s disease]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Viegas|first=Jennifer|date=2019-06-11|title=Profile of Junying Yuan|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=116|issue=24|pages=11564–11566|doi=10.1073/pnas.1906915116|issn=0027-8424|pmid=31110005|pmc=6575570}}</ref>
}}</ref> {{As of|2019||df=}}, small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 have advanced beyond Phase I [[Phase I clinical research|human clinical trials]] for the treatment of various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[psoriasis]], and [[Crohn's disease]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Viegas|first=Jennifer|date=2019-06-11|title=Profile of Junying Yuan|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=116|issue=24|pages=11564–11566|doi=10.1073/pnas.1906915116|issn=0027-8424|pmid=31110005|pmc=6575570|bibcode=2019PNAS..11611564V |doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Awards and Fellowships==
==Awards and Fellowships==
*1985-1989 Ryan Fellowship<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albertjryanfoundation.org/fellows.cfm|title = Fellows of the Foundation|work=[http://www.albertjryanfoundation.org/ Albert J. Ryan Foundation]|accessdate=13 May 2015}}</ref>
*1985-1989 Ryan Fellowship<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albertjryanfoundation.org/fellows.cfm|title = Fellows of the Foundation|website=Albert J. Ryan Foundation|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref>
*1994 [[Wilson Stone|Wilson S. Stone Memorial Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/stone-award.pdf|title=Wilson S. Stone Memorial Award Recipients|accessdate=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910145740/http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/stone-award.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1994 [[Wilson Stone (scientist)|Wilson S. Stone Memorial Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/stone-award.pdf|title=Wilson S. Stone Memorial Award Recipients|access-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910145740/http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/stone-award.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1996-1999 American Heart Established Investigator<ref name = cv>{{cite web|url=https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv|title = Junying Yuan - Curriculum Vitae}}</ref>
*1996-1999 American Heart Established Investigator<ref name = cv>{{cite web|url=https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv|title=Junying Yuan - Curriculum Vitae|access-date=2015-05-16|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063143/https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1999 SCBA Outstanding Young Investigator Award<ref name = cv/>
*1999 SCBA Outstanding Young Investigator Award<ref name = cv/>
*2002 Innovator Award for Breast Cancer Research<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cdmrp.army.mil/pubs/press/2002/02innovatorawards.shtml|title = Innovator Award Recipients from the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program|newspaper=U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command|accessdate=13 May 2015}}</ref>
*2002 Innovator Award for Breast Cancer Research<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cdmrp.army.mil/pubs/press/2002/02innovatorawards.shtml|title=Innovator Award Recipients from the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program|newspaper=U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command|access-date=13 May 2015|archive-date=9 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009184031/http://cdmrp.army.mil/pubs/press/2002/02innovatorawards.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2002 Merit Award, National Institute of Aging<ref name = cv/>
*2002 Merit Award, National Institute of Aging<ref name = cv/>
*2003 BBS Mentoring Award, Harvard Medical School<ref name = cv/>
*2003 BBS Mentoring Award, Harvard Medical School<ref name = cv/>
*2005 [[National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award]]
*2005 [[National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award]]
*2006 International Cell Death Society Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celldeath-apoptosis.org/oursoci/awardees.html?showall=&start=4 |title=Awardees |work=[http://www.celldeath-apoptosis.org/ ICDS] |accessdate=13 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225121249/http://www.celldeath-apoptosis.org/oursoci/awardees.html?showall=&start=4 |archivedate=25 February 2015 }}</ref>
*2006 [[International Cell Death Society]] Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celldeath-apoptosis.org/oursoci/awardees.html?showall=&start=4 |title=Awardees |website=celldeath-apoptosis.org (ICDS) |access-date=13 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225121249/http://www.celldeath-apoptosis.org/oursoci/awardees.html?showall=&start=4 |archive-date=25 February 2015 }}</ref>
*2007 Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?s=junying+yuan|title = Junying Yuan|work = American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=14 May 2015}}</ref>
*2007 Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?s=junying+yuan|title=Junying Yuan|work=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=14 May 2015}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*2010 Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-members-elected-fellows-3|title = AAAS Members Elected as Fellows|work = American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate=14 May 2015}}</ref>
*2010 Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-members-elected-fellows-3|title = AAAS Members Elected as Fellows|work = American Association for the Advancement of Science|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref>
*2013 Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.agilent.com.au/about/newsroom/presrel/2013/10dec-ca13088.html|title=Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award Supports Dr. Junying Yuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences|work=[http://www.agilent.com Agilent Technologies]|accessdate=13 May 2015}}</ref>
*2013 Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.agilent.com.au/about/newsroom/presrel/2013/10dec-ca13088.html|title=Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award Supports Dr. Junying Yuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences|work=Agilent Technologies|access-date=13 May 2015}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*2017 Member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/may-2-2017-NAS-Election.html|title = May 2, 2017: NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected}}</ref>
*2017 Member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/may-2-2017-NAS-Election.html|title = May 2, 2017: NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/ Harvard Medical School Investigator Page]
*[https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/ Harvard Medical School Investigator Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312181432/https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/ |date=2017-03-12 }}
*[https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv Curriculum Vitae]
*[https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv Curriculum Vitae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063143/https://yuan.med.harvard.edu/cv |date=2016-03-04 }}
*[https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=wklInmgAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F5Hlx3_CSH-tKd7ojdsDOPZ27NUPDpLfR581RDfNsYVd27frBau2kcqOZ_6H77-1_gvVCrKzwYuZRv6drp_rIegZpB6jjUD8RMnXTfQuiZn9ZRZo2axS6UeUqOWicoYe_SIlzVT Google Scholar Profile]
*[https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=wklInmgAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F5Hlx3_CSH-tKd7ojdsDOPZ27NUPDpLfR581RDfNsYVd27frBau2kcqOZ_6H77-1_gvVCrKzwYuZRv6drp_rIegZpB6jjUD8RMnXTfQuiZn9ZRZo2axS6UeUqOWicoYe_SIlzVT Google Scholar Profile]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/browse/collection/40829315/?sort=date&direction=ascending Publications]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/browse/collection/40829315/?sort=date&direction=ascending Publications]
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American women biologists]]
[[Category:American women biologists]]
[[Category:American scientists of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:American people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
[[Category:Fudan University alumni]]
[[Category:Fudan University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School faculty]]
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[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Physicians from Shanghai]]
[[Category:Physicians from Shanghai]]
[[Category:Chinese science writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Chinese science writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Shanghai]]
[[Category:Writers from Shanghai]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

Latest revision as of 15:04, 30 September 2024

The native form of this personal name is Yuan Junying. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Junying Yuan
Born (1958-10-03) October 3, 1958 (age 66)
Shanghai, China
NationalityAmerican
Alma materFudan University
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known forApoptosis research
Necroptosis
Scientific career
FieldsBiology
Cell death
InstitutionsHarvard Medical School
Doctoral advisorH. Robert Horvitz

Junying Yuan (Chinese: 袁钧瑛; pinyin: Yuán Jūnyīng, born October 3, 1958) is the Elizabeth D. Hay Professor of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School,[1] best known for her work in cell death. Early in her career, she contributed significant findings to the discovery and characterization of apoptosis.[2][3] More recently, she was responsible for the discovery of the programmed form of necrotic cell death known as necroptosis.[4]

Education and early career

[edit]

Yuan was born in Shanghai, her maternal grandfather was the scholar and translator Li Qingya (李青崖), and her paternal grandfather, Yuan Kaiji (袁开基), was a famous professor of organic chemistry. Her parents were both medical professors at Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, while her uncle, Yuan Chengye, was a professor and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Junying Yuan attended Fudan University following the revival of higher education after its suspension under the Cultural Revolution. She was among the first wave of students to attempt the newly revived National Higher Education Entrance Examination in 1977, coming in first of all students who attempted it in Shanghai.[citation needed] She completed her bachelor's in biochemistry in 1982, and was subsequently one of the first students admitted to doctoral study in the United States through the China-U.S. Biochemistry Examination and Application (CUSBEA) program, coming in second out of the 25,000 who attempted the CUSBEA in its first year.[5]

In the United States, she completed her Ph.D. in Neuroscience(1989) at Harvard University under the supervision of MIT professor H. Robert Horvitz, where she endeavored to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. She identified the proteins ced-3 and ced-4 as drivers behind programmed cell death in C. elegans, and subsequently identified the mammalian homologue of ced-3 known as interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme(ICE), later called caspase-1.[2][3][6]

Career

[edit]

Junying Yuan established an independent lab at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital in 1989, immediately upon completion of her Ph.D. [5] Her initial efforts were directed towards providing evidence for the functional role of caspases in mediating mammalian apoptosis.[7][8] Her independent work at this stage provided the first insights into molecular mechanisms in mammalian apoptosis, which contributed significantly to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry won by her Ph.D. supervisor, Robert Horvitz.[9]

In 1996, Yuan moved her lab to the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School's Longwood campus, where she continued her investigation into cell death. Her work delved further into programmed cell death and revealed a wide cohort of proteins involved in the regulation and consequences of apoptosis. Some notable work includes her discovery that BID cleavage by caspase-8 mediates mitochondrial damage in apoptosis,[10] and her discovery of caspase-11's role in regulating caspase-1-driven inflammation.[11]

In 2005, Yuan's group discovered a non-apoptotic form of programmed necrotic cell death, which they termed "necroptosis".[4] Other groups first observed that the stimulation of Fas/TNFR family of death-domain receptors (DR) activated a canonical apoptotic pathway; however, in many cell types, not only did caspase inhibition fail to inhibit cell death, as would be expected of canonical apoptosis, but stimulated cells experienced a form of cell death that more closely resembled necrosis than apoptosis.[12] Yuan's group conducted a chemical screen that identified a small molecule capable of inhibiting DR-driven cell death, necrostatin-1, and demonstrated necroptosis' role in ischemic neuronal injury, thereby positing a potential role for necrostatin-1 in stroke treatment. Her group then identified RIPK1 as the target for necrostatin-1,[13] thus implicating it as a key player in necroptosis.

Yuan went on to identify and characterize members of the signaling network responsible for regulating necroptosis,[14] and continues to elucidate the mechanisms of necroptosis while exploring its potential as a target of therapeutic intervention. Necrosis was previously considered to be a form of passive cell death, forced in response to stress. This belief had driven an aversion towards developing therapeutic applications targeting necrosis. In demonstrating a form of programmed necrosis, Yuan's work revealed new avenues of treatment for an ever-increasing cohort of diseases where necroptosis is implicated.[15] As of 2019, small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 have advanced beyond Phase I human clinical trials for the treatment of various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease.[16]

Awards and Fellowships

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Yuan Named Hay Professor of Cell Biology". HMS News. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b Yuan, J. Y.; Horvitz, H. R. (1990). "The Caenorhabditis elegans genes ced-3 and ced-4 act cell autonomously to cause programmed cell death". Developmental Biology. 138 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(90)90174-h. PMID 2307287.
  3. ^ a b Yuan, J; Horvitz, H. R. (1992). "The Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-4 encodes a novel protein and is expressed during the period of extensive programmed cell death". Development. 116 (2): 309–20. doi:10.1242/dev.116.2.309. PMID 1286611.
  4. ^ a b Degterev, A; Huang, Z; Boyce, M; Li, Y; Jagtap, P; Mizushima, N; Cuny, G. D.; Mitchison, T. J.; Moskowitz, M. A.; Yuan, J (2005). "Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury". Nature Chemical Biology. 1 (2): 112–9. doi:10.1038/nchembio711. PMID 16408008. S2CID 866321.
  5. ^ a b "Junying Yuan" (PDF). ASCB Profile. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  6. ^ Yuan, J; Shaham, S; Ledoux, S; Ellis, H. M.; Horvitz, H. R. (1993). "The C. Elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme". Cell. 75 (4): 641–52. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90485-9. PMID 8242740.
  7. ^ Miura, M; Zhu, H; Rotello, R; Hartwieg, E. A.; Yuan, J (1993). "Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by IL-1 beta-converting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C. Elegans cell death gene ced-3". Cell. 75 (4): 653–60. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90486-a. PMID 8242741.
  8. ^ Gagliardini, V; Fernandez, P. A.; Lee, R. K.; Drexler, H. C.; Rotello, R. J.; Fishman, M. C.; Yuan, J (1994). "Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene". Science. 263 (5148): 826–8. Bibcode:1994Sci...263..826G. doi:10.1126/science.8303301. PMID 8303301. S2CID 19330119.
  9. ^ "H. Robert Horvitz - Nobel Lecture: Worms, Life and Death" (PDF). Nobel Prize. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  10. ^ Li, H; Zhu, H; Xu, C. J.; Yuan, J (1998). "Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis". Cell. 94 (4): 491–501. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81590-1. PMID 9727492.
  11. ^ Kang, S. J.; Wang, S; Hara, H; Peterson, E. P.; Namura, S; Amin-Hanjani, S; Huang, Z; Srinivasan, A; Tomaselli, K. J.; Thornberry, N. A.; Moskowitz, M. A.; Yuan, J (2000). "Dual role of caspase-11 in mediating activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 under pathological conditions". The Journal of Cell Biology. 149 (3): 613–22. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.3.613. PMC 2174843. PMID 10791975.
  12. ^ Vercammen, D; Brouckaert, G; Denecker, G; Van De Craen, M; Declercq, W; Fiers, W; Vandenabeele, P (1998). "Dual signaling of the Fas receptor: Initiation of both apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 188 (5): 919–30. doi:10.1084/jem.188.5.919. hdl:1854/LU-179898. PMC 2213397. PMID 9730893.
  13. ^ Degterev, A; Hitomi, J; Germscheid, M; Ch'En, I. L.; Korkina, O; Teng, X; Abbott, D; Cuny, G. D.; Yuan, C; Wagner, G; Hedrick, S. M.; Gerber, S. A.; Lugovskoy, A; Yuan, J (2008). "Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins". Nature Chemical Biology. 4 (5): 313–21. doi:10.1038/nchembio.83. PMC 5434866. PMID 18408713.
  14. ^ Hitomi, J; Christofferson, D. E.; Ng, A; Yao, J; Degterev, A; Xavier, R. J.; Yuan, J (2008). "Identification of a molecular signaling network that regulates a cellular necrotic cell death pathway". Cell. 135 (7): 1311–23. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.044. PMC 2621059. PMID 19109899.
  15. ^ Zhou, W; Yuan, J (2014). "Necroptosis in health and diseases". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 35: 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.013. PMID 25087983.
  16. ^ Viegas, Jennifer (2019-06-11). "Profile of Junying Yuan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (24): 11564–11566. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11611564V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1906915116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6575570. PMID 31110005.
  17. ^ "Fellows of the Foundation". Albert J. Ryan Foundation. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  18. ^ "Wilson S. Stone Memorial Award Recipients" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d "Junying Yuan - Curriculum Vitae". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  20. ^ "Innovator Award Recipients from the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program". U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  21. ^ "Awardees". celldeath-apoptosis.org (ICDS). Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  22. ^ "Junying Yuan". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 14 May 2015.[permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ "AAAS Members Elected as Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  24. ^ "Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award Supports Dr. Junying Yuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences". Agilent Technologies. Retrieved 13 May 2015.[permanent dead link‍]
  25. ^ "May 2, 2017: NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected".
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