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Coordinates: 54°30′48″N 1°52′02″W / 54.51336°N 1.86715°W / 54.51336; -1.86715
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
| country = England
|static_image =[[Image:John Sell Cotman 002.jpg|250px]]
| static_image_name = John Sell Cotman 002.jpg
|static_image_caption = Greta Bridge, [[John Sell Cotman]], c. 1806<!--please fix if you know the name of the painting-->
| static_image_caption = Greta Bridge, [[John Sell Cotman]], c. 1806<!--please fix if you know the name of the painting-->
| coordinates = {{coord|54.51336|-1.86715|display=inline,title}}
|latitude = 54.51336
| official_name = Greta Bridge
|longitude = -1.86715
| population =
|official_name = Greta Bridge
| unitary_england = [[County Durham (district)|County Durham]]
|population =
| region = North East England
|unitary_england= [[County Durham]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[County Durham|Durham]]
|region = North East England
| constituency_westminster = [[Bishop Auckland (UK Parliament constituency)|Bishop Auckland]]
|lieutenancy_england= [[County Durham]]
| post_town =
|constituency_westminster = [[Bishop Auckland (UK Parliament constituency)|Bishop Auckland]]
| postcode_district =
|post_town =
| postcode_area =
|postcode_district =
| dial_code =
|postcode_area =
| os_grid_reference = NZ086131
|dial_code =
|os_grid_reference = NZ086131
}}
}}


'''Greta Bridge''' is a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] on the [[River Greta, Durham|River Greta]] in the parishes of [[Rokeby, County Durham|Rokeby]] and [[Brignall]] in [[County Durham]], England. The bridge (now bypassed by the [[A66 road|A66 trunk road]]) is over the River Greta, just south of its [[confluence]] with the [[River Tees]]. The [[North Pennines]], [[Teesdale]] and the Greta Bridge area – including the [[#Romantic arts and tourism|''Meeting of the Waters'']] – became a source of inspiration for [[Romantic art|romantic artists]], poets and writers during the eighteenth century.
'''Greta Bridge''' is a village on the [[River Greta, Durham|River Greta]] in [[County Durham]], England.


==Name==
==Geography and administration==
The name derives from the [[River Greta, Durham|River Greta]], recorded earlier as ''Gretha'' (1279) and ''Gretay'' (1341).{{sfn|Watts|2007|pp=262}}
Greta Bridge lies in the [[Pennines|Pennine hills]] near to [[Barnard Castle]]. The bridge (now bypassed by the [[A66 road|A66 trunk road]]) is over the [[River Greta, Durham|River Greta]] just south of its confluence with the [[River Tees]].


The [[etymology]] is a hybrid of [[Old Norse]] and [[Old English]]. The Old Norse [[wikt:grjót#Old_Norse|''grjót'']] means "coarse stones" or "rubble". The Old English [[wikt:ea#Old_English|''ēa'']] means "river", "running water" or "stream".
Greta Bridge was transferred to [[County Durham]] for [[metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|administrative]] and [[ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial]] purposes on 1 April 1974 pursuant to the [[Local Government Act 1972]].


==Etymology==
==Governance==
Greta Bridge is part of [[County Durham (district)|County Durham district]] and is governed by [[Durham County Council]]. The neighbouring village of [[Newsham, Richmondshire|Newsham]] – to the south-east – is part of [[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire district]].
The village is named after the river and is [[Norse language|Norse]] in derivation, from ''grót'' + ''á'' meaning "stony stream".<ref>Mills, A. D. ''Dictionary of English Place-Names'' (1991) Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-283131-3</ref>

Historically, Greta Bridge was in the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]], but along with the rest of the former [[Startforth Rural District]], Greta Bridge was transferred to [[County Durham]] for [[metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|administrative]] and [[ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial]] purposes in 1974.

==Geography==
The village lies on the eastern flanks of the [[North Pennines]] – about {{convert|6|mi|km}} east of the North Pennines [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|area of outstanding natural beauty]]. The nearest town – [[Barnard Castle]] – is the market town for [[Teesdale]].

The village is divided between Rokeby parish and Brignall parish – by the river Greta.


==History==
==History==
===Roman===
A Roman fort and associated vicus (ancient name unknown) were located here, next to the major Roman road that became the modern A66.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=19926 |mname=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=1143630|mname=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/496316189 |title=Places: 496316189 (Greta Bridge) |author=Vanderbilt, S. |accessdate=25 January 2012<!-- 10:05 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}}</ref>
Greta Bridge is on the route of the [[North Pennines|trans-Pennine]] ([[Stainmore]]) section of [[Watling Street]] (North) Roman road – now largely followed by the [[A66 road|A66 trunk road]]. Archaeological excavations during the 1970's found part of the original road.{{efn|[[Historic England]]<br>..."Immediately to the north of the fort there are the buried remains of the Roman road and the vicus. These remains were identified and partially excavated in the 1970s in advance of the A66 road re-alignment at Greta Bridge...<ref name=List_1019074>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1019074 |desc= Greta Bridge Roman fort, vicus and section of Roman road |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref>}}


[[File:Greta Bridge ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|''Maglona'' [[Rampart (fortification)|ramparts]].]]
Greta Bridge is mentioned in [[Charles Dickens]]'s novel ''[[The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby]]'' as the site of Dotheboys School. Dickens mentions the "George and New Inn, Greta Bridge". This is thought to be a conflation of two [[coaching inn]]s in or near Greta Bridge.
Greta Bridge is the location of a roman fort, or [[Castra|castrum]], ''Maglona''. An inscription found near the north gate suggests that the fort was built during the early third century AD, although it is possible that a fort existed on the site as early as the first century AD.{{efn|[[Historic England]]<br>..."The exact date for the construction of the fort is uncertain; some evidence suggests it was constructed during the first century AD, but it may be as late as the late second century or the early third century.<ref name=List_1019074/>}}{{efn|Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group<br>..."Greta Bridge Roman Fort was probably built about 80AD about the same time as the first road...
<ref>{{cite web |title= Greta Bridge Roman Fort Maglona |url= https://www.u3ahadrianswall.co.uk/greta-bridge-roman-fort-maglona/ |publisher= Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group |access-date= 3 July 2024}}</ref>}} It was built to protect the Watling Street crossing of the [[River Greta, Durham|River Greta]] –
river crossings were particularly vulnerable to attack from the local [[Brigantes]] or from [[Iron Age tribes in Britain|other local tribes]].


The Tutta Beck–Greta [[confluence]] and the Greta–[[River Tees|Tees]] confluences are both in close proximity to the fort. River confluences had a special significance for the [[Gaul]]ish [[Roman legion|legions]] and [[Auxilia|auxiliaries]] who were stationed in [[North Britain#Historic use|North Britain]] during the [[Roman Britain|Roman occupation]]. Roman altars with inscriptions to ''Mars Condatis'' [[Condatis#Archaeological evidence|have been found]] in the Tees and Wear valleys.{{efn| MacKillop – ''...Celtic Mythology''<br>[[Condatis]]..."A god worshipped in Roman occupied Britain, much associated with the confluence of rivers..."His shrines have been found between the Tyne and Tees rivers..."His name is commemorated in many place names...{{sfn|MacKillop|2004|pp=100}} }} Similar altars are normally found at the confluence of rivers – for example, the [[Cong Burn]]–[[River Wear|Wear]] confluence near Chester-le-Street – however others may have been disturbed or removed, especially by antiquarians and collectors. The inscription ''Mars Condatis'' is a [[Conflation#Congruent conflations|conflation]] (joining together) of deities [[List of Roman deities#M|Mars]] and [[Condatis]]. The name ''Tutta'' may derive from the Gaulish deity [[Toutatis]] (or ''Tūtatus'') – [[Toutatis#Name and nature|god of the tribe]].
The link here is the publican "George Martin", who first of all ran the inn called the "George and Dragon" to the West of the River Greta, he then moved to the original "Morritt's Arms" built on the East bank of the River Greta as a coaching inn by the Morritt family of Rokeby, in approx. 1756, and he renamed it "The George" as recorded by Dickens (maybe having left his "dragon" behind at the present Morritt Arms!). Later, Martin moved to be landlord of The New Inn a mile to the east of Greta Bridge and re-named that "The George and New Inn". Source: Peter Gilbertson of The Coach House, Greta Bridge.


===The bridge===
The famous painting the [[Rokeby Venus]] by [[Diego Velázquez]] was originally housed at [[Rokeby Park]], near Greta Bridge. It is now in the [[National Gallery]] in London.
The current bridge was built in 1773 to replace the one destroyed by the great flood of 1771.<ref name= List_1160430>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1160430 |desc= GRETA BRIDGE – Listed building |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=List_1002319>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1002319 |desc= Greta Bridge – Scheduled Monument |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref> It was designed by [[John Carr (architect)|John Carr]] for John Sawry Morritt, father of [[John Bacon Sawrey Morritt]]. Morritt also paid for the Abbey Bridge to be built in the same year.<ref name=List_1310824>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1310824
|desc= ABBEY BRIDGE |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref>


===Mail coach===
1 mile north is Mortham Tower, a fortified manor house dating from the 14th century, with a 15th-century tower.
Before the arrival of the railways in the 1850s, Greta Bridge had been an important overnight stop for the London to Carlisle coach. Overnight passengers and visitors would stay at one of the three coaching inns in the village.{{efn| The Morritt Hotel – ''Days of the Mail Coach''<br>..."Through the 17th Century
...Greta Bridge was the second overnight stop for the London-Carlisle mail coach, bringing with it a considerable number of visitors.<br>..."There were three inns at Greta Bridge, including The George, and the New Inn, which is now Thorpe Farm...<ref name=Morritt_Mail_Coach>*{{cite web |title= The 17th Century Days of the Mail Coach |url= https://themorritt.co.uk/history/ |publisher= The Morritt Hotel |access-date= 3 June 2024}}</ref> }}
# The Morritt Arms.<ref name=List_1121699>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1121699 |desc= THE MORRITT ARMS HOTEL |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref>
# The George.
# George and New Inn (now Thorpe Grange Farmhouse).{{efn|name="Rudd_1834"| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."Greta Bridge was an important staging post...in 1804 there were two inns...but by 1834 a third had been built a few hundred yards to the south-east{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=89}} }}{{efn|name="List_Dickens"| [[Historic England]]<br>..."house is claimed to be the former George and New Inn, at which [[Charles Dickens]] stayed while researching ''[[Nicholas Nickleby]]''.<ref name=List_1161229>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1161229 |desc= THORPE GRANGE FARMHOUSE, A66 |accessdate= 3 June 2024}}</ref>}}

[[Wordsworth]] and his wife Mary were regular users of the mail coach in order to travel over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents at [[Stockton-on-Tees]].
{{efn|name="Rudd_Dora"| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."In a letter of 1833 William Wordsworth's daughter Dora suggests that Rokeby was a popular
stop on the journey to see the Hutchinsons, then living at [[Stockton-on-Tees]] ...{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=104-106}} }}{{efn| Mary's parents had moved to [[Stockton-on-Tees]] from their farm on the [[Sockburn|Sockburn Peninsula]] – near the Tees.}}

===Romantic arts and tourism===
During the eighteenth century [[Teesdale]] became a popular destination for [[romantic art]]ists, poets and writers, who inspired others to follow. In 1799 [[William Wordsworth]] and [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] explored the area around Greta Bridge, after visiting Mary Hutchinson at [[Sockburn]].{{efn| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."Having stayed overnight at [[Piercebridge]], Wordsworth, Coleridge and Cottle explored the area around Greta Bridge...{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=104-106}} }} Mary lived on her parents farm on the [[Sockburn|Sockburn Peninsula]] – the [[peninsula]] created by a tight [[meander]] of the River Tees. Wordsworth married Mary in 1802, and the couple often travelled over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents, using the mail coach to Greta Bridge, and stopping over at Rokeby.{{efn|name="Rudd_Dora"}}

[[File:John Sell Cotman 002.jpg|right|thumb|''Greta Bridge'' (1805), [[British Museum]].]]

The romantic painter [[John Sell Cotman]] (1782 – 1842) first explored the Greta Bridge area in 1805 when 23 years old. He had been invited by the Cholmeley family to stay with them at Rokeby Hall.{{efn| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."The owner of Rokeby, [[John Bacon Sawrey Morritt|J B S Morritt]], had readily agreed to the 22-year-old Francis Cholmeley's request that Cotman accompany him on a visit to his estate...{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=78}} }} Cotman's best known work from his early period is the watercolour [[John Sell Cotman#Gallery|''Greta Bridge'']] (1805), now in the British Museum, which he painted from sketches made during his visit to Rokeby Park.{{efn| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."The best known Greta watercolours are two versions of ''Greta Bridge'' made from a pencil sketch that has survived...In the two watercolours, made in 1805 and 1810...{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=78}} }} The view is from the south of the bridge looking north, the Morritt Arms is shown on the left side of the bridge. The profile shown at the top of the bridge is noticeably different from that of the actual bridge – it shows a higher more pronounced summit – whereas the actual bridge has a gentle curved profile. It has been suggested that this was influenced by the geometry of the earlier bridge that had been destroyed in the great flood of 1771.{{efn| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."Interestingly, although Cotman's sketch shows the curved parapet of the bridge, for both watercolours he returns to the pre-1771 triangular shape depicted in a 18th century painting hanging in Rokeby Hall...{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=78}} }} The foreground is dominated by huge boulders – possibly swept down during the great flood.

[[Walter Scott]]'s poem [[The Lady of the Lake (poem)|''The Lady of the Lake'']], published 1810, had been hugely successful and placed the [[Loch Katrine]] in the [[Trossachs]] area firmly on the tourist map, boosting the economy of local towns. When Scott announced to [[John Bacon Sawrey Morritt]] that he was planning to write a similar poem based around [[Teesdale]], Morritt offered his services as a guide, possibly anticipating how it might spark a wealthy tourist trade, and boost the local economy.{{efn| Rudd – ''The Discovery of Teesdale''<br>..."Morritt reminds [[Walter Scott|Scott]] of their rides up Deepdale and along the Tees to Cotherstone...[[John Bacon Sawrey Morritt|Rokeby's owner]] offers his services as a guide, and hints at the tourist trade Scott's poem is likely to bring:{{sfn|Rudd|2007|pp=84}}
{{quote| ..."I shall raise the rent of my inn at Greta Bridge...I hear that the people of Callander have made a fortune by you...}} }} Scott's poem [[Rokeby (poem)|''Rokeby'']], published 1813, was also hugely successful and did attract many new visitors to [[Teesdale]].{{efn| Warwick – ''River Tees...''<br>
..."The literary work that did most to popularise the natural beauties of Teesdale...was by Walter Scott ...{{sfn|Warwick|Parker|2016|pp=1-128}} }}

==See also==
* [[Bowes Museum]]
* [[List of places in County Durham]]
* [[List of Roman place names in Britain]]
* [[Roman sites in Great Britain]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
*


==Sources==
[[Category:Villages in County Durham]]
*{{cite book |last1= Higham |first1= Nick
|year= 1986 |title= The Northern Counties to AD 1000 |publisher= [[Longman]] |isbn= 0-582-49276-9 }}
*{{cite book |last1= MacKillop |first1= James |author-link= James MacKillop (author)
|year= 2004 |title= Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 0-19-860967-1 }}
*{{cite book |last1= Oliver |first1= Neil |author-link= Neil Oliver
|year= 2012 |title= A History of Ancient Britain |publisher= [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] |isbn= 978-0753828861 }}
*{{cite book |last1= Rabbitts |first1= Paul |last2= Rabbitts |first2= David
|year= 2022 |title= Cotherstone: A Village in Teesdale |publisher= [[Amberley Publishing]] |isbn= 978-1398113831 }}
*{{cite book |last1= Rudd |first1= Michael D. C.
|year= 2007 |title= The Discovery of Teesdale |publisher= [[The History Press|Phillimore & Co Ltd]] |isbn= 978-1860774539}}
*{{cite book |last1= Warwick |first1= Tosh |last2= Parker |first2= Jenny
|year= 2016 |title= River Tees: From Source to Sea |publisher= [[Amberley Publishing]] |isbn= 978-1445634876 }}
*{{cite book |last1= Watts |first1= Victor |author-link= Victor Watts
|year= 2007 |title= The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-16855-7 }}


==External links==
*[https://www.u3ahadrianswall.co.uk/greta-bridge-roman-fort-maglona/ Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group ] Greta Bridge Roman Fort Maglona.


{{authority control}}
{{Durham-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in County Durham]]

Latest revision as of 18:28, 30 September 2024

Greta Bridge
Greta Bridge, John Sell Cotman, c. 1806
Greta Bridge is located in County Durham
Greta Bridge
Greta Bridge
Location within County Durham
OS grid referenceNZ086131
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
PoliceDurham
FireCounty Durham and Darlington
AmbulanceNorth East
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
County Durham
54°30′48″N 1°52′02″W / 54.51336°N 1.86715°W / 54.51336; -1.86715

Greta Bridge is a hamlet on the River Greta in the parishes of Rokeby and Brignall in County Durham, England. The bridge (now bypassed by the A66 trunk road) is over the River Greta, just south of its confluence with the River Tees. The North Pennines, Teesdale and the Greta Bridge area – including the Meeting of the Waters – became a source of inspiration for romantic artists, poets and writers during the eighteenth century.

Name

[edit]

The name derives from the River Greta, recorded earlier as Gretha (1279) and Gretay (1341).[1]

The etymology is a hybrid of Old Norse and Old English. The Old Norse grjót means "coarse stones" or "rubble". The Old English ēa means "river", "running water" or "stream".

Governance

[edit]

Greta Bridge is part of County Durham district and is governed by Durham County Council. The neighbouring village of Newsham – to the south-east – is part of North Yorkshire district.

Historically, Greta Bridge was in the North Riding of Yorkshire, but along with the rest of the former Startforth Rural District, Greta Bridge was transferred to County Durham for administrative and ceremonial purposes in 1974.

Geography

[edit]

The village lies on the eastern flanks of the North Pennines – about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the North Pennines area of outstanding natural beauty. The nearest town – Barnard Castle – is the market town for Teesdale.

The village is divided between Rokeby parish and Brignall parish – by the river Greta.

History

[edit]

Roman

[edit]

Greta Bridge is on the route of the trans-Pennine (Stainmore) section of Watling Street (North) Roman road – now largely followed by the A66 trunk road. Archaeological excavations during the 1970's found part of the original road.[a]

Maglona ramparts.

Greta Bridge is the location of a roman fort, or castrum, Maglona. An inscription found near the north gate suggests that the fort was built during the early third century AD, although it is possible that a fort existed on the site as early as the first century AD.[b][c] It was built to protect the Watling Street crossing of the River Greta – river crossings were particularly vulnerable to attack from the local Brigantes or from other local tribes.

The Tutta Beck–Greta confluence and the Greta–Tees confluences are both in close proximity to the fort. River confluences had a special significance for the Gaulish legions and auxiliaries who were stationed in North Britain during the Roman occupation. Roman altars with inscriptions to Mars Condatis have been found in the Tees and Wear valleys.[d] Similar altars are normally found at the confluence of rivers – for example, the Cong BurnWear confluence near Chester-le-Street – however others may have been disturbed or removed, especially by antiquarians and collectors. The inscription Mars Condatis is a conflation (joining together) of deities Mars and Condatis. The name Tutta may derive from the Gaulish deity Toutatis (or Tūtatus) – god of the tribe.

The bridge

[edit]

The current bridge was built in 1773 to replace the one destroyed by the great flood of 1771.[5][6] It was designed by John Carr for John Sawry Morritt, father of John Bacon Sawrey Morritt. Morritt also paid for the Abbey Bridge to be built in the same year.[7]

Mail coach

[edit]

Before the arrival of the railways in the 1850s, Greta Bridge had been an important overnight stop for the London to Carlisle coach. Overnight passengers and visitors would stay at one of the three coaching inns in the village.[e]

  1. The Morritt Arms.[9]
  2. The George.
  3. George and New Inn (now Thorpe Grange Farmhouse).[f][g]

Wordsworth and his wife Mary were regular users of the mail coach in order to travel over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents at Stockton-on-Tees. [h][i]

Romantic arts and tourism

[edit]

During the eighteenth century Teesdale became a popular destination for romantic artists, poets and writers, who inspired others to follow. In 1799 William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge explored the area around Greta Bridge, after visiting Mary Hutchinson at Sockburn.[j] Mary lived on her parents farm on the Sockburn Peninsula – the peninsula created by a tight meander of the River Tees. Wordsworth married Mary in 1802, and the couple often travelled over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents, using the mail coach to Greta Bridge, and stopping over at Rokeby.[h]

Greta Bridge (1805), British Museum.

The romantic painter John Sell Cotman (1782 – 1842) first explored the Greta Bridge area in 1805 when 23 years old. He had been invited by the Cholmeley family to stay with them at Rokeby Hall.[k] Cotman's best known work from his early period is the watercolour Greta Bridge (1805), now in the British Museum, which he painted from sketches made during his visit to Rokeby Park.[l] The view is from the south of the bridge looking north, the Morritt Arms is shown on the left side of the bridge. The profile shown at the top of the bridge is noticeably different from that of the actual bridge – it shows a higher more pronounced summit – whereas the actual bridge has a gentle curved profile. It has been suggested that this was influenced by the geometry of the earlier bridge that had been destroyed in the great flood of 1771.[m] The foreground is dominated by huge boulders – possibly swept down during the great flood.

Walter Scott's poem The Lady of the Lake, published 1810, had been hugely successful and placed the Loch Katrine in the Trossachs area firmly on the tourist map, boosting the economy of local towns. When Scott announced to John Bacon Sawrey Morritt that he was planning to write a similar poem based around Teesdale, Morritt offered his services as a guide, possibly anticipating how it might spark a wealthy tourist trade, and boost the local economy.[n] Scott's poem Rokeby, published 1813, was also hugely successful and did attract many new visitors to Teesdale.[o]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Watts 2007, pp. 262.
  2. ^ a b Historic England. "Greta Bridge Roman fort, vicus and section of Roman road (1019074)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Greta Bridge Roman Fort Maglona". Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  4. ^ MacKillop 2004, pp. 100.
  5. ^ Historic England. "GRETA BRIDGE – Listed building (1160430)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  6. ^ Historic England. "Greta Bridge – Scheduled Monument (1002319)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  7. ^ Historic England. "ABBEY BRIDGE (1310824)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  8. ^ *"The 17th Century Days of the Mail Coach". The Morritt Hotel. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  9. ^ Historic England. "THE MORRITT ARMS HOTEL (1121699)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  10. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 89.
  11. ^ Historic England. "THORPE GRANGE FARMHOUSE, A66 (1161229)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b Rudd 2007, pp. 104–106.
  13. ^ a b c Rudd 2007, pp. 78.
  14. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 84.
  15. ^ Warwick & Parker 2016, pp. 1–128.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Historic England
    ..."Immediately to the north of the fort there are the buried remains of the Roman road and the vicus. These remains were identified and partially excavated in the 1970s in advance of the A66 road re-alignment at Greta Bridge...[2]
  2. ^ Historic England
    ..."The exact date for the construction of the fort is uncertain; some evidence suggests it was constructed during the first century AD, but it may be as late as the late second century or the early third century.[2]
  3. ^ Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group
    ..."Greta Bridge Roman Fort was probably built about 80AD about the same time as the first road... [3]
  4. ^ MacKillop – ...Celtic Mythology
    Condatis..."A god worshipped in Roman occupied Britain, much associated with the confluence of rivers..."His shrines have been found between the Tyne and Tees rivers..."His name is commemorated in many place names...[4]
  5. ^ The Morritt Hotel – Days of the Mail Coach
    ..."Through the 17th Century ...Greta Bridge was the second overnight stop for the London-Carlisle mail coach, bringing with it a considerable number of visitors.
    ..."There were three inns at Greta Bridge, including The George, and the New Inn, which is now Thorpe Farm...[8]
  6. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Greta Bridge was an important staging post...in 1804 there were two inns...but by 1834 a third had been built a few hundred yards to the south-east[10]
  7. ^ Historic England
    ..."house is claimed to be the former George and New Inn, at which Charles Dickens stayed while researching Nicholas Nickleby.[11]
  8. ^ a b Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."In a letter of 1833 William Wordsworth's daughter Dora suggests that Rokeby was a popular stop on the journey to see the Hutchinsons, then living at Stockton-on-Tees ...[12]
  9. ^ Mary's parents had moved to Stockton-on-Tees from their farm on the Sockburn Peninsula – near the Tees.
  10. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Having stayed overnight at Piercebridge, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Cottle explored the area around Greta Bridge...[12]
  11. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."The owner of Rokeby, J B S Morritt, had readily agreed to the 22-year-old Francis Cholmeley's request that Cotman accompany him on a visit to his estate...[13]
  12. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."The best known Greta watercolours are two versions of Greta Bridge made from a pencil sketch that has survived...In the two watercolours, made in 1805 and 1810...[13]
  13. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Interestingly, although Cotman's sketch shows the curved parapet of the bridge, for both watercolours he returns to the pre-1771 triangular shape depicted in a 18th century painting hanging in Rokeby Hall...[13]
  14. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Morritt reminds Scott of their rides up Deepdale and along the Tees to Cotherstone...Rokeby's owner offers his services as a guide, and hints at the tourist trade Scott's poem is likely to bring:[14]

    ..."I shall raise the rent of my inn at Greta Bridge...I hear that the people of Callander have made a fortune by you...

  15. ^ Warwick – River Tees...
    ..."The literary work that did most to popularise the natural beauties of Teesdale...was by Walter Scott ...[15]

Sources

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