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Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually (1727?–1774) was a theurgist and theosopher of uncertain origin. He was the founder of the l'Ordre de Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers – commonly referred to as the 'Elus Cohens' in 1761. He was the tutor, initiator and friend of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz.

Biography

Martinez de Pasqually, whose biography is continually being researched, due to the lack of documentation, appears in the history of French freemasonry in 1754.

His exact date and place of birth, as well as his true nationality is unknown. A number of authors proposed that he was a Spanish Jew.

Certain similarities between Pasqually's theurgy and Portuguese hermetic thought led philosopher Sampaio Bruno (1857-1915) to argue that he was probably of Portuguese origin.^[1] In 1772 Pasqually went to collect an inheritance in the island of Hispaniola. Grainville, one of his fervent disciples, came from the Caribbean. He died within two years and appears to have influenced early mystic groups in the Caribbean.

Doctrine

The doctrine of Martinez is described as a key to any eschatological cosmology. God, the primordial Unity, had a desire to emanate beings from his own nature, but Lucifer, who wanted to exercise his own creative power, fell victim to his own faults. In his fall, which included his followers, he found himself trapped within an area designated by God to serve as their prison. God sent man, in an androgynous body and endowed with glorious powers, to keep Lucifer's rebels at bay and work towards their reconciliation. Adam prevaricated himself and fell into the very prison he was to contain, becoming a physical and mortal being, and was so thus forced to try to save both himself and the original creation. It can be done via inner perfection with the help of Christ, but also by the theurgic operations that Martinez taught to the men of desire he found worthy of receiving his initiation.

This is obtained by practicing certain rites, where the disciple is to enter into relations with angelic entities that appear in the operations as passes. These are to appear mostly in the form of characters or hieroglyphs of spirits invoked by the operator, as proofs that he is on the proper way of Reintegration.^[2]

Bibliography

Martines of Pasqually, Treatise on the reintegration of beings (from the manuscript of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin), Diffusion Rosicrucienne, Collection Martin.
Biographies of Martinez de Pasqually and Pierre Fournié "Abbé Fournié: What We Have Been, What We Are, and What We will Become". Rose Circle Books, 2022.

References

^ Sampaio Bruno, José Pereira de (1904), O Encoberto. Porto: Livraria Moreira
^ "Martinès de Pasqually and Martinism". The Three Luminaries. 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2021-10-31.

Other sources

This biography is a partial reproduction of la-rose-bleue.org

External links

Media related to Martinès de Pasqually at Wikimedia Commons

Biography of Pasqually Martines, Jean-François Var.

[1] Sampaio Bruno, José Pereira de (1904), O Encoberto. Porto: Livraria Moreira

[:1-2] "Martinès de Pasqually and Martinism". The Three Luminaries. 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2021-10-31.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{refimprove|date=December 2011}}{{debate|date=December 2011}}
+{{refimprove|date=December 2011}}
 {{Martinism}}
-'''Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually''' (1727? – September 20, 1774) (aka '''Martinès de Pasqually''') was a [[theurgist]] and [[Theosophy (Boehmian)|theosopher]] of uncertain origin. He was the founder of [[Elus Cohens|L'Ordre des Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers]]<ref>Order of Knight Masons, Elect Priests of the Universe</ref>(commonly referred to as the Élus Cohens) about 1758 in Bordeaux, France. In 1768, while the first order he had created was still in operation, he founded a second order, named ''L'Ordre Martiniste des Élus-Coëns''. He was a friend, tutor, and initiator of [[Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Willermoz]].
+'''Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually''' (1727?–1774) was a [[theurgist]] and [[Theosophy (Boehmian)|theosopher]] of uncertain origin. He was the founder of the [[Elus Cohens|l'Ordre de Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers]] – commonly referred to as the 'Elus Cohens' in 1761. He was the tutor, initiator and friend of [[Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Willermoz]].
 ==Biography==
+Martinez de Pasqually, whose biography is continually being researched, due to the lack of documentation, appears in the history of French freemasonry in 1754.
+His exact date and place of birth, as well as his true nationality is unknown. A number of authors proposed that he was a Spanish Jew.
-Martinez de Pasqually, whose biography is continually being researched due to the lack of documentation, appears in the history of French Freemasonry beginning in 1754.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-26|title=The Treatise and the Élus Coëns|url=https://www.threeluminaries.com/2020/06/the-treatise-and-the-elus-coens/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=The Three Luminaries|language=en-GB}}</ref>
-His exact date and place of birth, as well as his true nationality, is unknown. A number of authors proposed that he was a Spanish Jew, but later researches counter that this was unlikely.<ref name=":0" />Certain similarities between Martinez' theurgy and Portuguese hermetic thought, led philosopher José Pereira de Sampaio Bruno (1857-1915) to argue that Martinez was probably of Portuguese origin.<ref>Sampaio Bruno, José Pereira de (1904), O Encoberto. Porto: Livraria Moreira</ref> Others {{who|date=December 2011}} claim that Martinez was born in [[Grenoble]]. In reality, we know nothing with certainty about his origins. Also, his activities before 1760 are poorly understood. This is largely due to the fact that he used several different names and signatures on official documents during his lifetime.
+Certain similarities between Pasqually's theurgy and Portuguese hermetic thought led philosopher Sampaio Bruno (1857-1915) to argue that he was probably of Portuguese origin.<ref>Sampaio Bruno, José Pereira de (1904), O Encoberto. Porto: Livraria Moreira</ref> In 1772 Pasqually went to collect an inheritance in the island of [[Hispaniola]]. Grainville, one of his fervent disciples, came from the [[Caribbean]]. He died within two years and appears to have influenced early mystic groups in the Caribbean.
+{{more|Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe}}
-In 1772, Martinez travelled to the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Santo Domingo]] to collect an inheritance. At the time he went there, it was a French colony (which was soon to become Haiti), and it was not a territory controlled by the Portuguese government. The historical records indicate that Martinez' Élus Cohen-related activities in the Caribbean had an influence on early mystic groups located there. Pierre-André de Grainville (June 21, 1728 - 1794), one of Martinez' most fervent disciples, came from the Caribbean.
-==The Élus Cohens Orders, and Related Activities==
-[[File:Seal of Martinès de Pasqually.jpg|thumb|The Cohen Seal of Pasqually]]
-For twenty years - from 1754 until the year of his death (1774) - Martinez worked ceaselessly to establish and promote his esoteric spiritual orders.
-In 1754, Martinez founded the ''Chapter of Scottish Judges'' in [[Montpellier]].
-In 1761, he became affiliated with the Masonic lodge ''La Française'' in [[Bordeaux]], and founded an Élus Cohens Temple there.
-In 1764, Martinez reorganized the '' La Française'' lodge and renamed it ''Française Élus Écossaise'', indicating that its members now had the ability, and permission, to begin working higher Masonic degrees and rituals. However, unfortunately for the members of the ''Française Élus Écossaise'' lodge, in 1766 the directors of the Masonic province of Bordeaux declared that they were abolishing all Masonic constitutions which authorize the working of any Masonic degrees higher than the basic first three (the Regular Blue or St. John's degrees: Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master).
-This same year (1766), Martinez travelled to [[Paris]] and co-founded a new Élus Cohens temple. The other co-founders of this temple included Jean-Jacques Bacon de la Chevalerie (1731-1821), [[Jean-Baptiste Willermoz]], Froger d'Ignéaucourt (born 1749), the Marquis de Lusignan<ref>Marquis de Lusignan (December 22, 1749 - February 10, 1814) - His full name at birth was Hugues Thébaud Henri Jacques de Lusignan-LeJai (Lezay). In histories of Freemasonry he is often referred to simply as the Marquis de Lusignan.</ref> (1749-1814), Henri de Loos, P. A. de Grainville, and several others who were to play important parts in the history the Order.
-In 1767, he established the ''Sovereign Tribunal'' who would direct the whole Order of the [[Elus Coens]].
-In 1768 he met with [[Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin]]. The personality and teachings of Pasqually made a deep and lasting impression on Saint-Martin. Conversely, Pasqually himself was influenced by Saint-Martin who decided to leave his military career in 1771 and become the personal secretary of Martinez, replacing Abbé Pierre Fournié (1738-1825). From this period the notable development of the rituals of the order starts and Pasqually's drafting of his magnum opus, the ''[[Treatise on the Reintegration of Beings]]'', the main doctrinal foundation of the [[Martinism|Martinist]] [[Theosophy (Boehmian)|theosophy]] and [[theurgy]].
-In 1772 Martiez, embarked on a trip to [[Santo Domingo]] to receive an inheritance, and subsequently died there in 1774. Thereafter, the Order disintegrates.
-In 1776, the Coens Temples of [[La Rochelle]], [[Marseilles]], and [[Libourne]] fall into the grasp of the [[Grand Lodge of France]].
-In 1777, the rites are no longer in operation and institutional use, except from some circles in Paris, Versailles and Eu.
-Finally, in 1781, Sebastien Las Casas, third and last 'Grand Sovereign' of the Elus Cohens (successor of Caignet de Lester, who died in 1778) ordered the closure of the eight remaining temples that still recognize his authority.
-Neither Las Casas nor Caignet played a very important role in the orders development.
-Despite the official closure, the Elus Coens continued to both practice theurgy, and to conduct initiations. On the other hand, the theosophical teaching of Martinez was not lost, in masonry, it spreads even long after the death of the leader through the Masonic system established by Willermoz shortly after death his master.
-Besides Willermoz and Saint-Martin, the last known personal disciple of Martinez was Abbé Pierre Fournié. It was around 1768 that Fournié met the teacher who would make him turn around his life completely, and whom employed him  as his secretary. Initiated as an Elus Coën, the tonsured cleric Fournié resided mainly in Bordeaux, where he mediated the correspondences between different members of the Order.
-In 1776, [[Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin]] is quoted as describing Abbé Fournié as an Elus Cohen exceptionally favoured in supernatural manifestations - the source is Fournié himself, in his work titled ''What we have been, what we are, and what we will become'' (London: A. Dulau & Co., 1801), in fear of saying too much.
-At the time of the [[French Revolution]] Fournié emigrated to [[England]], where he remained until his death. In the period 1818 - 1821 Fournié befriended the Munich Theosophist [[Franz von Baader]].
-==The structure of the Elus Cohens==
-This [[doctrine]], he intended for an elite chosen from the ranks of his contemporary masons, and gathered under the banner of the Elus Coëns (Elect Priests).
-Quickly this order gained quite a reputation in French Masonic circles, but the theurgic operations remained reserved for the higher degrees.
-Martinez did not, to a greater extent, graft his system solely on [[freemasonry]].
-Until 1761, it is to be located in [[Montpellier]], [[Paris]], [[Lyon]]s, [[Bordeaux]], [[Marseilles]], and [[Avignon]].
-In 1761 he built a special temple in [[Avignon]], where he resided himself until 1766.
-At that time, the Order of the Elect Coens was worked as a high-degree system superimposed on the Blue Lodges:
-The first class had three symbolic degrees, and that of 'maître parfait élu', then the grades Coens proper: apprentice Coën, fellowcraft Coën, and master Coën, Grand Master Coën or Grand Architect, Chevalier d'Orient or Knight Zorobabel, Commandeur d'Orient or Commander Zorobabel, and finally the last degree, the supreme consecration of Reaux Croix.
-In 1768, [[Jean-Baptiste Willermoz]] was ordained Reau-Croix by Bacon de la Chevalerie. [[Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin]] commenced the system in 1765, rising quickly to Commander of the Orient. The years 1769 and 1770 saw the Coen-groups multiply extensively in France.
-In 1772, Saint-Martin was ordained Reau-Croix.
-==Recent Discoveries on Martinez de Pasqually's Ancestry==
-According to the researches of George C. and the elements discovered by Michele Friot and Michelle Nahon, namely a certificate of Catholicism (published in ''Bulletin de la Société Martines de Pasqually'', Bordeaux) and the letters from Martinez regarding the Guers affair, neither Martinez nor his father could be Jewish. The third reason is that at the time, Jews were not accepted as Freemasons in France. These facts disprove the hypothesis advanced by French esotericist and Martinist scholar Robert Amadou (1924-2006), who proposed that Martinez was a Spanish Jew ''(Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin et le Martinisme,''  Paris, Éditions Le Griffon d'or, 1946).
-The theory of Martinez being Portuguese is also contested: The fact that Martinez traveled to Santo Domingo to receive an inheritance, does not support the theory of Portugal as his ethnic background. The island of St. Domingo (Hispaniola) was never under Portuguese rule, seeing that the French settlers, the 'Frères de la Côte Français' seized control over areas gradually abandoned by the Spaniards.
-In a word, the western part was under French sovereignty and that of the Spaniards was located to the east. (Henri Bernard Catus 27 May 2009). The place of residence for Martinez, namely Leogane and Port-au-Prince, was French and occupied by the regiment of Foix, the same military operation from which Saint-Martin himself was recruited.
-The wife of Martinez is believed to come from the very rich French settlers of the island. Martines married Angelique Marguerite Collas de Mauvignié, daughter of Anselm Collas de Mauvignié, on August 27, 1767, at Gornac, France (near Bordeaux).
-However, if Martinez spoke French very well, he wrote very badly. His son, according to a police report, spoke Spanish very well. The hypothesis of a Spanish origin should therefore be retained. Research done in Grenoble by G.C. on all civil records on marriage certificates shows that Martinez is not registered in Grenoble. But it is possible that children born in the military forces at the time were not recorded in parish registers. The city of Grenoble archives contain a document stating that a Captain Pasqually was stationed there, but it may be a namesake at the recovery of bodies of troops from Spain and used in the French army.
-P. A. de Grainville (sometimes referred to as Chevalier de Grainville), who was one of Martinez de Pasqually's most loyal secretaries, also attained the degree of Reaux-Croix. He was born on the island of Bourbon (now Reunion Island), a native of Normandy (historical archives of the Army Château de Vincennes Paris). He ended his military career in 1780 with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
 ==Doctrine==
@@ Line 76: / Line 17: @@
 This is obtained by practicing certain rites, where the disciple is to enter into relations with angelic entities that appear in the operations as ''passes''. These are to appear mostly in the form of characters or hieroglyphs of spirits invoked by the operator, as proofs that he is on the proper way of ''Reintegration.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-23|title=Martinès de Pasqually and Martinism|url=https://www.threeluminaries.com/2020/06/martines-de-pasqually-and-martinism/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=The Three Luminaries|language=en-GB}}</ref>
-==Legacy==
+==Bibliography==
+* Martines of Pasqually, ''[[Treatise on the reintegration of beings]]''  (from the manuscript of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin), Diffusion Rosicrucienne, Collection Martin.
+* Biographies of Martinez de Pasqually and Pierre Fournié {{cite web |url=https://www.rosecirclebooks.com/abbe-fournie-what-we-have-been-we-are-we-will-become|title=Abbé Fournié: What We Have Been, What We Are, and What We will Become |publisher=Rose Circle Books, 2022}}
-After World War 2 [[Robert Ambelain]] created a new "Martinist Order of the Élus Cohen" as a revival of the Order of Pasqually. This was officially closed, as publicly announced in the Martinist magazine ''L'Initiation'', in 1964.
-However, several strains of martinist-orders have continued to operate the Elus Cohens in succession of the Ambelain resurgence.<ref name=":1" />
-Today the Elus Cohens is mainly worked in two different manners, one in the fashion of Robert Ambelain, heavily influenced by his own Gnostic Church, the [[rite of Memphis-Misraim]] and his personal take on the [[kabbalah]].
-There also exists another manner of operation, where Pasqually's original system is practiced more in tune with the intents of the system as it were in the 1770s, where neo-gnostic tendencies and kabbalah is removed, in favor of the original doctrines. [[Ordre Reaux Croix]] is working the Elus Cohens in a similar manner, and also including women, as Pasqually himself did on two occasions.
-There are currently three Orders that are trying to philologically rebuild what the original Coëns did; they are in Spain, France and Italy. These are  reserved circles that do not actively advertise their activities.<ref name=":1" />
-<!-- ===See also===
-* [[Gilles Pope]] -->
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
-==Sources==
+===Other sources===
 *[http://www.la-rose-bleue.org/Biographies/Pasqually.html This biography is a partial reproduction of la-rose-bleue.org]
-==Bibliography==
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite book |first=Gilles |last=Pope |title=Les écritures magiques, Aux sources du Registre des 2400 noms d'anges et d'archanges de Martinès de Pasqually |publisher=Arché Edidit |year=2006 |lang=fr}}
-===Books===
+* {{cite book |first=Jean-Marc |last=Vivenza |title=Le Martinisme, l'enseignement secret des Maîtres, Martinès de Pasqually, Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin et Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, fondateur du Régime Écossais Rectifié |publisher=Le Mercure Dauphinois |year=2006 |lang=fr}}
-* Martines of Pasqually, ''[[Treatise on the reintegration of beings]]'' (from the manuscript of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin), Diffusion Rosicrucienne, Collection Martin.
+* {{cite book |first=Franz |last=von Baader |title=Les Enseignements secrets de Martinès de Pasqually, précédé d'une Notice sur le martinézisme et le martinisme |publisher=Bibliothèque Chacornac |year=1900 |lang=fr}}
+* {{cite web |url=https://www.rosecirclebooks.com/pasquallys-treatise-available-again |title=Treatise on the Reintegration of Beings | author=Osborne, M.R. | language=en |publisher=Rose Circle Books, 2023}}
-===Studies on Martines Pasqually===
-* Franz von Baader, '' Les Enseignements secrets de Martinès de Pasqually,'' précédé d'une Notice sur le martinézisme et le martinisme, Bibliothèque Chacornac, 1900 ; rééd. Robert Dumas, 1976 ; Editions Télétès, 2004.
-* Gilles Pope, ''Les écritures magiques, Aux sources du Registre des 2400 noms d'anges et d'archanges de Martinès de Pasqually, '' Arché Edidit, 2006.
-* [http://pierrepainblanc.blogspot.com/2008/06/un-thaumaturge-au-xviiie-sicle-martines.html G. Van Rijnberk, ''Un thaumaturge au XVIII (2) s. : Martines de Pasqually'' ''Sa vie, son oeuvre, son ordre''  I, Paris, Alcan, 1935; t. II, Lyon, Derain-Raclet, 1938]
-* Jean-Marc Vivenza, ''Martinez, Le Martinisme, l'enseignement secret des Maîtres, Martinès de Pasqually, Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin et Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, fondateur du Régime Écossais Rectifié,''  Le Mercure Dauphinois, 2006.
-===Works on the Elus Cohens===
-* Robert Amadou, "Rituels d'initiation des élus coën".
 ==External links==
@@ Line 121: / Line 43: @@
 [[Category:1774 deaths]]
 [[Category:French Freemasons]]
+[[Category:Founders of new religious movements]]

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