Tulou: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Earth building-fuyu.jpg|thumb|Exterior of a tulou]] |
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[[File:Earth building-chengqi2.jpg|thumb|Interior of a tulou]] |
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[[File:HakkaYongding.jpg|thumb|A tulou in [[Yongding County|Yongding county]]]] |
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[[File:Yanxiang Lou - inside - DSCF3722.JPG|thumb|Inside the Yanxiang Lou, a large round tulou in Xinnan Village]] |
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A '''tulou''' ({{zh|s=土楼|t=土樓|p=tǔlóu|poj=thó͘-lâu|pfs=thú-lèu}}), or "earthen building", is a traditional communal [[Hakka people]] residence found in [[Fujian]], in South [[China]], usually of a circular configuration surrounding a central shrine, and part of [[Hakka architecture]]. These [[Vernacular architecture|vernacular]] structures were occupied by clan groups. |
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Although most tulou were of earthen construction, the definition "tulou" is a broadly descriptive label for a building type and does not indicate construction type. Some were constructed out of cut granite or had substantial walls of fired brick. Most large-scale tulou seen today were built of a composite of earth, sand, and lime known as sanhetu rather than just earth.<ref>Knapp, Ronald G.. ''China's old dwellings''. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2000. 266. Print.</ref> The tulou is often three to four stories high. Often they would store food on the higher floors. |
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Due to their unorthodox and strange appearance from the outside they were once mistaken for missile silos by American analysts during the [[Cold War]]. Others even compare it to ancient 'spaceships'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Sally |title=Yongding, China: a sight for poor spies |url=http://www.smh.com.au/travel/a-sight-for-poor-spies-20090312-8w3e.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323170353/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/a-sight-for-poor-spies-20090312-8w3e.html |archive-date=23 March 2014 |date=15 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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The noted [[Fujian Tulou]], designated as [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage]] site in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113|title=Fujian Tulou|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=whc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-19}}</ref> is a small and specialized subgroup of tulou, known for their unique shape, large scale, and ingenious structure. There are more than 20,000 tulou in southern Fujian. Approximately 3,000 of them are [[Fujian Tulou]], that is 15% of tulou belong to the Fujian Tulou category. |
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== Contemporary references == |
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=== Film === |
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* In ''[[Secrets of the Furious Five]]'', the Bao Gu Orphanage is a tulou. |
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* Portions of [[Stephen Chow]]'s "[[Kung Fu Hustle]]" take place at a tulou. |
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* In the 2020 ''[[Mulan (2020 film)|Mulan]]'' film, Mulan and her family live in a tulou. This has raised controversies as the first tulou was not built when the actual poem was written. |
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* In [[Big Fish and Begonia]], most of the events take place in or near a tulou in the spirit realm. |
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=== Video games === |
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* In [[Front Mission 3]] the main cast briefly goes to Yongding, where tulous can be seen in the background. The NPCs at the Yongding bar talk about tulous when you speak to them. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Earth structure]] |
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* [[Hakka walled village]] |
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* [[Siheyuan]] |
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* [[Hutong]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category|Tulou}} |
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* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150102-hakka-china-tulou-fujian-world-heritage-culture-housing/ National Geographic] China's Remote Fortresses Lose Residents, Gain Tourists |
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* http://www.chinadwelling.dk/images/htm/13_01.htm |
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* http://www.chinadwelling.dk/hovedsider/construction-tekst.htm |
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* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113 UNESCO World Heritage Site 1113: Fujian Tulou] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725091343/http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/beijing/articles/cw-magazine/travel/earth/ From the Earth] Article about the Tulou earth villages of the Fujian Hakka |
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{{Fujian topics}} |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Fujian]] |
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[[Category:Architecture of China]] |
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[[Category:Castles by type]] |
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[[Category:Hakka architecture]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:07, 1 October 2024
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