Johannes Bunzek: Difference between revisions

Johannes Bunzek
Johannes Bunzek
Born	22 May 1922; Groß-Strehlitz
Died	11 December 1943 (aged 21); Nikopol, Ukraine
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Luftwaffe
Years of service	1941–1943
Rank	Leutnant (second lieutenant)
Unit	JG 52
Battles / wars	World War II Battle of the Caucasus; Battle of Kursk; Lower Dnieper Offensive †;
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

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Johannes Bunzek (22 May 1922 – 11 December 1943) was a German Luftwaffe ace credited with 75 victories, all on the Eastern Front. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Bunzek was killed on 11 December 1943 over Nikopol, Ukraine. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 April 1944.

Career

Bunzek was born on 22 May 1922 in Groß-Strehlitz, present-day Strzelce Opolskie in southern Poland, at the time in the Province of Upper Silesia of the Weimar Republic.^[1] He joined the military service of the Luftwaffe and completed his training with Luftkriegsschule 4 (LKS 4—4th Air War School) in July 1942.^{[Note 1]} Bunzek was then posted to 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in late 1942.^[3] At the time, 7. Staffel was commanded by Hauptmann Adalbert Sommer who was replaced by Oberleutnant Walter Krupinski on 15 March 1943.^[4] The Staffel was part of III. Gruppe of JG 52 under command of Major Hubertus von Bonin.^[5]

War against the Soviet Union

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Germany had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. In late 1942, III. Gruppe was based at an airfield named Soldatskaja, located approximately halfway between Mozdok and Pyatigorsk on the Eastern Front. The Gruppe stayed at this airfield until 1 January 1943. During this period, the pilots occasionally also operated from airfields at Mozdok (15, 18, 19, 21, 22 and 23 October) and from Digora (5 to 17 November 1942), supporting Army Group A in the Battle of the Caucasus.^[6] On 1 April 1943, III. Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead where it was based at an airfield at Taman. Operating from Taman until 2 July, III. Gruppe also flew missions from Kerch on 12 May, from Sarabuz and Saky on 14 May, Zürichtal, present-day Solote Pole, a village near the urban settlement Kirovske on 23 May, and Yevpatoria on 25/26 June.^[7] Here, Bunzek claimed his first aerial victory over a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter on 28 May.^[8]

On 1 November, III. Gruppe was moved to Apostolove fighting in the combat area between Nikopol and Zaporizhzhia. Adverse whether conditions rendered the airfield unusable and the Gruppe temporarily used an airfield near Kirovograd from 12 to 20 November.^[9] Bunzek received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 8 November.^[10] On 11 December, Bunzek was killed in action in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20644—factory number) following combat with Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and LaGG-3 fighters during the Battle of the Dnieper.^[11] He was initially reported as missing in action west of Nikopol.^[12]^[13] According to Barbas, this combat took place near Apostolove while fighting over the bridgehead established by Soviet forces at Nikopol.^[14] Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock place this southwest of Verblyuzhka which is approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) northwest of Apostolove.^[11] Bunzek was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 6 April 1944.^[15]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Bunzek was credited with 75 aerial victories in an unknown number of combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.^[16] Weal states that in addition to his 75 aerial victories, he also had 30 further unconfirmed claims.^[17] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 78 aerial victory claims, plus two further unconfirmed claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.^[18]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 76791". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.^[19]

Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Bunzek an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Bunzek did not receive credit. This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –^[20] Eastern Front – 4 February – 11 December 1943
1	28 May 1943	06:40	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 76791^[21] east of Trojzkaja	41	18 September 1943	16:10	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 68141^[22]
2	5 July 1943	04:10	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61453^[23] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Belgorod	42	19 September 1943	10:15	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58662^[22] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Bolschoj Tokmak
3	5 July 1943	18:08	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61633^[23] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Vovchansk	43	20 September 1943	08:10	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58142^[22] northwest of Zaporizhzhia
4	6 July 1943	10:23	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61354^[23] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Tomarovka	44	20 September 1943	08:14	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58144, northeast of Zaporizhzhia^[22] northwest of Zaporizhzhia
5	6 July 1943	10:40	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 35 Ost 61284^[23] 25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Belgorod	45	20 September 1943	08:20	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58153^[22] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
6	7 July 1943	08:50	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61241^[24] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Prokhorovka	46	21 September 1943	16:11	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58144^[22] 20 km (12 mi) east of Zaporizhzhia
7	12 July 1943	13:45	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61212^[24] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Prokhorovka	47	21 September 1943	16:12	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58271^[22] 25 km (16 mi) east of Zaporizhzhia
8	31 July 1943	10:00	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54661^[25] west of Bolkhov	48	24 September 1943	11:14	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58891^[22] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Zaporizhzhia
9	3 August 1943	06:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61412^[25] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Belgorod	49	26 September 1943	07:19	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58272^[26] 25 km (16 mi) east of Zaporizhzhia
10	7 August 1943	08:50	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61472^[27] 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Belgorod	50	27 September 1943	05:55	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58552^[26] southeast of Vasilyevka
11	7 August 1943	12:05	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61383^[27] vicinity of Orlovka	51?^{[Note 3]}	27 September 1943	14:21	LaGG-3	PQ 58192^[28] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Zaporizhzhia
12	8 August 1943	12:55	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 60244^[27] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Kharkov	52	28 September 1943	06:05	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 48464^[26] 25 km (16 mi) south-southwest of Zaporizhzhia
13	12 August 1943	16:00	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 51822^[29] 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Zolochiv	53	29 September 1943	14:11	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58674^[26] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bolschoj Tokmak
14	17 August 1943	05:21	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 70791, Tichocki^[29] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Izium	54	29 September 1943	14:33	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58594^[26] 20 km (12 mi) west of Bolschoj Tokmak
15	19 August 1943	12:56	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88293, southwest of Kuibyschewo^[29] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jalisawehino	55	30 September 1943	05:55	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 58681^[26] 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Bolschoj Tokmak
16	19 August 1943	13:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88391^[29]	56	30 September 1943	16:30	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 58432^[26] 20 km (12 mi) west of Bolschoj Tokmak
17	19 August 1943	17:15	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88754^[29] 60 km (37 mi) west-southwest of Taganrog	57	1 October 1943	06:05	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 48432^[26] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Zaporizhzhia
18	20 August 1943	06:07	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 88263^[29] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Marinowka	58	3 October 1943	10:17	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58673^[26] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bolschoj Tokmak
19♠	21 August 1943	05:34	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88283, southwest of Kuibyschewo^[30] 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Jalisawehino	59	3 October 1943	15:08	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58133^[26] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Zaporizhzhia
20♠	21 August 1943	07:16	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88254, Kalinowka^[30] vicinity of Dmitrijewka	60	3 October 1943	15:13	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58152^[26] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
21♠	21 August 1943	07:25	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88411^[30] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Jalisawehino	61	7 October 1943	06:23?^{[Note 4]}	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 49174^[33] 55 km (34 mi) east-northeast of Mironowka
22♠	21 August 1943	13:10	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 88274^[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Jalisawehino	62	7 October 1943	15:33	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 49363^[33] 45 km (28 mi) west-northwest of Dnipropetrovsk
23♠	21 August 1943	17:32	LaGG-3	PQ 88233^[30] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Rovenki	63	9 October 1943	08:55	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 49333^[33] 55 km (34 mi) west-northwest of Dnipropetrovsk
24	22 August 1943	08:16	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88293, southwest of Kuibyschewo^[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jalisawehino	64	9 October 1943	15:35	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 58564, northeast of Michailowka^[33] vicinity of Kalinowka
25	22 August 1943	10:50	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88283, southwest of Kuibyschewo^[30] 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Jalisawehino	65	10 October 1943	08:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58154^[33] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
26	22 August 1943	17:59	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 88421^[30] 20 km (12 mi) south of Jalisawehino	66	10 October 1943	08:43	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58124^[33] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhzhia
27	23 August 1943	06:16	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88263^[30]	67	11 October 1943	10:08	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58123^[33] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhzhia
28	26 August 1943	11:11	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88281^[30] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Jalisawehino	68	11 October 1943	10:12	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58124^[33] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhzhia
29	27 August 1943	12:10	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88281^[30] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Jalisawehino	69	11 October 1943	12:45	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58154^[33] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
30	27 August 1943	17:35	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88194^[30] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Kuteinikowo	70	11 October 1943	15:17	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58141, northeast of Zaporizhzhia^[33] northwest of Zaporizhzhia
31	27 August 1943	17:37	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88194^[30] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Kuteinikowo	71	12 October 1943	06:50	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58152^[33] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
32	28 August 1943	11:00	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88612^[30] 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Taganrog	72	12 October 1943	06:51	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 34 Ost 58154^[33] northeast of Zaporizhzhia
33	28 August 1943	12:35	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88354^[30] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Kuteinikowo	73	13 October 1943	10:48	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 57183^[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Melitopol
34	5 September 1943	12:22	Boston	PQ 34 Ost 79883^[22] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Stalino	74	13 October 1943	10:50	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 57193^[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Melitopol
35	5 September 1943	15:08	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 79684^[22] 20 km (12 mi) west of Gorlowka	75	14 October 1943	15:25	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 58125^[34] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhzhia
36	14 September 1943	09:00	Boston	PQ 34 Ost 79574^[22] Black Sea, 65 km (40 mi) west-southwest of Gelendzhik	76	15 October 1943	10:15	Boston	PQ 34 Ost 49821^[34] 25 km (16 mi) south-southwest of Werchnedjeprowak
37	14 September 1943	15:16	Boston	PQ 34 Ost 79712^[22] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Grischino	77	30 November 1943	11:45	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 49781^[35] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northwest of Nikopol
38	15 September 1943	12:17	Yak-9?^{[Note 5]}	PQ 34 Ost 68642^[22]	78	7 December 1943	12:37	LaGG	PQ 34 Ost 29634, south of Petro-Nikolayevka^[35]
39	18 September 1943	13:30	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 69341^[22]	— ?^{[Note 6]}	11 December 1943	—	Il-2	southwest of Verblyuzhka
40	18 September 1943	16:05	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 68893^[22]	— ?^{[Note 6]}	11 December 1943	—	La-5	southwest of Verblyuzhka

Awards

Flugzeugführerabzeichen (3 September 1942)
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold
Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (14 July 1943)^[38]
- 1st Class (2 August 1943)^[38]
Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 8 November 1943 as Leutnant and pilot^[39]
German Cross in Gold 14 November 1943 as Leutnant in the 7./Jagdgeschwader 52^[40]
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 April 1944 as Leutnant and pilot in the 7./Jagdgeschwader 52^[41]^[42]

Notes

^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.^[2]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
^ According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, this claim is attributed to the 7. Staffel.^[26]
^ According to Barbas, and Mathews and Foreman, claimed at 06:25.^[31]^[32]
^ According to Barbas, and Mathews and Foreman, claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov aircraft of unknown type.^[36]^[32]
^ ^a ^b This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Barbas.^[37]

References

Citations

^ Obermaier 1989, p. 97.
^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 174.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 280.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 279.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 102.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 137.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 360.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 148.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 283.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2012, p. 500.
^ Weal 2007, p. 62.
^ Schreier 1990, p. 119.
^ Barbas 2010, pp. 149, 315.
^ Schreier 1990, p. 183.
^ Spick 1996, p. 237.
^ Weal 2004, p. 104.
^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 174–175.
^ Planquadrat.
^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 673–674.
^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 489.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2012, p. 483.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2012, p. 484.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2012, p. 485.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Prien et al. 2012, p. 490.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prien et al. 2012, p. 486.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 368.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Prien et al. 2012, p. 487.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 488.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 369.
^ ^a ^b Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 175.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Prien et al. 2012, p. 491.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2012, p. 492.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 367.
^ Barbas 2010, p. 372.
^ ^a ^b Dixon 2023, p. 101.
^ Patzwall 2008, p. 60.
^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 68.
^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 150.
^ Scherzer 2007, p. 253.

Bibliography

Barbas, Bernd (2010). Die Geschichte der III. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 3rd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-94-6.
Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
Schreier, Hans (1990). JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2. Weltkriegs [JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II] (in German). Berg am See: K. Vowinckel. ISBN 978-3-921655-66-5.
Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
Weal, John (2004). Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 15. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-786-4.
Weal, John (2007). More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 76. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-177-9.

External links

[3] Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.^[2]

[Il-2_m.H.-25] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).

[30] According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, this claim is attributed to the 7. Staffel.^[26]

[36] According to Barbas, and Mathews and Foreman, claimed at 06:25.^[31]^[32]

[41] According to Barbas, and Mathews and Foreman, claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov aircraft of unknown type.^[36]^[32]

[not_listed-43] This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Barbas.^[37]

[FOOTNOTEObermaier198997-1] Obermaier 1989, p. 97.

[FOOTNOTEBergströmAntipovSundin200317-2] Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman2014174-4] Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 174.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010280-5] Barbas 2010, p. 280.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010279-6] Barbas 2010, p. 279.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010102-7] Barbas 2010, p. 102.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010137-8] Barbas 2010, p. 137.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010360-9] Barbas 2010, p. 360.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010148-10] Barbas 2010, p. 148.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010283-11] Barbas 2010, p. 283.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012500-12] Prien et al. 2012, p. 500.

[FOOTNOTEWeal200762-13] Weal 2007, p. 62.

[FOOTNOTESchreier1990119-14] Schreier 1990, p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010149,_315-15] Barbas 2010, pp. 149, 315.

[FOOTNOTESchreier1990183-16] Schreier 1990, p. 183.

[FOOTNOTESpick1996237-17] Spick 1996, p. 237.

[FOOTNOTEWeal2004104-18] Weal 2004, p. 104.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman2014174–175-19] Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 174–175.

[FOOTNOTE''Planquadrat''-20] Planquadrat.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman2014673–674-21] Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 673–674.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012482-22] Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012489-23] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 489.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012483-24] Prien et al. 2012, p. 483.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012484-26] Prien et al. 2012, p. 484.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012485-27] Prien et al. 2012, p. 485.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012490-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Prien et al. 2012, p. 490.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012486-29] Prien et al. 2012, p. 486.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010368-31] Barbas 2010, p. 368.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012487-32] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Prien et al. 2012, p. 487.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012488-33] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 488.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010369-34] Barbas 2010, p. 369.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman2014175-35] Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 175.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012491-37] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Prien et al. 2012, p. 491.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012492-38] Prien et al. 2012, p. 492.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012493-39] Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010367-40] Barbas 2010, p. 367.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2010372-42] Barbas 2010, p. 372.

[FOOTNOTEDixon2023101-44] Dixon 2023, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwall200860-45] Patzwall 2008, p. 60.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer200168-46] Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 68.

[FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000150-47] Fellgiebel 2000, p. 150.

[FOOTNOTEScherzer2007253-48] Scherzer 2007, p. 253.

[1]

[Note 1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[Note 2]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[Note 3]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[Note 4]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[Note 5]

[Note 6]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[2]

[31]

[32]

[36]

[37]