East Pomeranian dialect: Difference between revisions

East Pomeranian
East Pomeranian
Native to	Diaspora of German expellees in the Americas; formerly: Province of Pomerania
Native speakers	Native: ≅ 300.000
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic North Sea Germanic Low German East Low German East Pomeranian; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Latin (German alphabet);
Official status
Official language in	Brazil (11 municipalities)
Recognised minority; language in	United States; Poland
Language codes
ISO 639-2	nds for Low German
ISO 639-3	nds for Low German
Glottolog	east2293

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East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) or Farther Pomeranian (Hinterpommersch) is an East Low German dialect moribund in Europe, which used to be spoken in the region of Farther Pomerania when it was part of the German Province of Pomerania, until World War II, and today is part of Poland. Currently, the language survives mainly in Brazil, where it is spoken by descendants of German immigrants of the 19th century and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central Wisconsin and parts of Iowa, in the United States.

Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian in Brazil has mostly been influenced by Portuguese language and Hunsrik, a German dialect derived from the Hunsrückisch native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the English language.

The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around Bobolice and Pommerellisch;^{[citation needed]} Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around Danzig/Gdansk.^[1]^{[better source needed]}

Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect

References

^ "German Language Reclassification | Free Media Productions - Editorials". www.freemediaproductions.info. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
^ Lei 2.069 de 2013, Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio
^ A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e O povo pomerano no ES Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b "A co-oficialização da língua pomerana" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
^ Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
^ «Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES». itarana.es.gov.br
^ Pomerano!?, acessado em August 21, de 2011
^ No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Archived March 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em August 21, de 2011
^ Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo, acessado em August 21, de 2011
^ "Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
^ Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público Archived November 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011
^ Lei Nº 2.907, de 23 de maio de 2017 - Dispõe sobre a co-oficialização da língua pomerana à língua portuguesa no município de Pomerode.
^ Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Archived May 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Bancada PP comenta cooficialização pomerana em Canguçu". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
^ Quadro do processo de cooficialização de línguas por municípios, IPOL
^ LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023, dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima

External links

[1] "German Language Reclassification | Free Media Productions - Editorials". www.freemediaproductions.info. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

[2] Lei 2.069 de 2013, Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio

[3] A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[pomeranoses-4] O povo pomerano no ES Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[farese-5] "A co-oficialização da língua pomerana" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2012-10-11.

[6] Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana

[7] «Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES». itarana.es.gov.br

[8] Pomerano!?, acessado em August 21, de 2011

[9] No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Archived March 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em August 21, de 2011

[10] Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[11] Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo, acessado em August 21, de 2011

[12] "Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2012-10-11.

[13] Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine

[14] Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público Archived November 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011

[15] Lei Nº 2.907, de 23 de maio de 2017 - Dispõe sobre a co-oficialização da língua pomerana à língua portuguesa no município de Pomerode.

[16] Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Archived May 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[17] "Bancada PP comenta cooficialização pomerana em Canguçu". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.

[ipol2020-18] Quadro do processo de cooficialização de línguas por municípios, IPOL

[19] LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023, dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|East Low German dialect}}
+{{Short description|Low German dialect}}
 {{Distinguish |Pomeranian language}}
 {{expand Portuguese|date=September 2018}}
 {{Infobox language
 |name = East Pomeranian
-|nativename = ''Ostpommersch''
+|nativename =
-|states = Brazil and diaspora of expellees in Germany
+|states = Diaspora of German expellees in the Americas;
+formerly: [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]]
 |region =
-|speakers = ?
+|speakers = Native: ≅ 300.000
 |familycolor = Indo-European
 |fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
 |fam3 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
-|fam4 = [[North Sea Germanic|Ingvaeonic]]
+|fam4 = [[North Sea Germanic]]
 |fam5 = [[Low German]]
 |fam6 = [[East Low German]]
+|script     = {{plainlist|
+*[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[German orthography#Alphabet|German alphabet]])}}
+|nation     = [[Brazil]] (11 municipalities)
+|minority   = [[United States]]<br>[[Poland]]
+|iso2=nds
+|iso2comment=for [[Low German]]
+|iso3=nds
+|iso3comment=for [[Low German]]
 |isoexception = dialect
-|glotto =
+|glotto = east2293
-|glottorefname =
+|glottorefname = Mittelpommersch
 }}
-'''East Pomeranian''' (''Ostpommersch'') is an [[East Low German]] dialect that is either moribund or used to be spoken in what was roughly [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Pomerania]] (now Northwestern Poland; previously part of Germany until the end of [[World War II]]) and today is also spoken in some communities in Brazil. It is part of the [[Low German language]].
+'''East Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Ostpommersch}}'') or '''Farther Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Hinterpommersch}}'') is an [[East Low German]] dialect moribund in [[Europe]], which used to be spoken in the region of [[Farther Pomerania]] when it was part of the German [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], until [[World War II]], and today is part of [[Poland]]. Currently, the language survives mainly in [[Brazil]], where it is spoken by descendants of German immigrants of the 19th century and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of [[Espírito Santo]]. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central [[Wisconsin]] and parts of [[Iowa]], in the [[United States]].
+Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian in Brazil has mostly been influenced by [[Portuguese language]] and [[Hunsrik]], a German dialect derived from the [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]] native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the [[English language]].
-East Pomeranian was mostly spoken in the [[Farther Pomerania]] (''Hinterpommern'') region of the [[Prussia]]n [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]] and in [[Pomerelia]]. After [[World War II]], the region became part of Poland, and most of the East Pomeranian-speaking German inhabitants of the region were [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|killed or forcibly expelled]] to regions within the new borders of Germany.
+The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around [[Bobolice]] and Pommerellisch;{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
-East Pomeranian is also spoken in the United States (central [[Wisconsin]] and parts of [[Iowa]]) and in some areas of Brazil, including [[Pomerode]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Rondônia|Rondonia]].
+Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around [[Gdańsk|Danzig/Gdansk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |title=German Language Reclassification &#124; Free Media Productions - Editorials |website=www.freemediaproductions.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702130441/http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better citation needed|date=October 2023}}
-The varieties of East Pomeranian are:
-* Westhinterpommersch
-* Osthinterpommersch
-* Bublitzisch around [[Bobolice]]
-* Pommerellisch
-Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around [[Gdańsk|Danzig/Gdansk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |title=Archived copy |website=www.freemediaproductions.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702130441/http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect==
@@ Line 38: / Line 39: @@
 === Espírito Santo ===
-*[[Afonso Cláudio]] (in the district of Mata Fria)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220307011830/http://www3.cmac.es.gov.br/Arquivo/Documents/legislacao/image/L20692013.pdf Lei 2.069 de 2013], Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio</ref>
+*[[Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo|Afonso Cláudio]] (in the district of Mata Fria)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220307011830/http://www3.cmac.es.gov.br/Arquivo/Documents/legislacao/image/L20692013.pdf Lei 2.069 de 2013], Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio</ref>
 *[[Domingos Martins]]<ref>[http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183001/http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf |date=December 21, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="pomeranoses">[http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 O povo pomerano no ES] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 |date=December 21, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="farese">{{Cite web |url=http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |title=A co-oficialização da língua pomerana |access-date=2012-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |archive-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 *[[Itarana]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323024937/https://www.itarana.es.gov.br/portal/artigo/municipio-de-itarana-participa-de-acoes-do-inventario-da-lingua-pomerana Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana], Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323025238/https://www.itarana.es.gov.br/portal/uploads/legislation/antigos/d4ad3e0ff7023e6dd1bacde801ff13a4.pdf «Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES»]. ''itarana.es.gov.br''</ref>
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 === Minas Gerais ===
-*[[Itueta]] (only in the district of [[Vila Neitzel]])<ref>[http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas]</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&getID=5307 Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120085427/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=November 20, 2015 }}, acessado em Novembre 2,  de 2011</ref>
+*[[Itueta]] (only in the district of [[Vila Neitzel]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |title=Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas |access-date=2012-10-11 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225437/http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&getID=5307 Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120085427/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=November 20, 2015 }}, acessado em Novembre 2,  de 2011</ref>
 === Santa Catarina ===
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
 *[[São Lourenço do Sul]] (under approval)<ref name="ipol2020">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200917020354/http://ipol.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Quadro-linguas-cooficiais-jan-2020_page-0001.jpg Quadro do processo de cooficialização de línguas por municípios, IPOL]</ref>
-=== Rondonia ===
+=== Rondônia ===
+*[[Espigão d'Oeste]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20240922002130/https://direitolinguistico.com.br/repositorio/s/rbll/item/136#lg=1&slide=0 LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023], dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima</ref>
-*[[Espigão d'Oeste]] (under approval)<ref>[http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000101925 Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D'Oeste-RO]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 Sessão Solene em homenagem a Comunidade Pomerana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183001/http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |date=2012-12-21 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D Oeste-RO], acessado em Novembre 2,  de 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 Comunidade Pomerana realiza sua tradicional festa folclórica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206002755/http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |date=2015-02-06 }}</ref><ref name="ipol2020"/>
 ==See also==
 * [[Brazilian German]]
-* [[West Pomeranian dialect]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.pvcw.org Pommerscher Verein Central Wisconsin]
+* [http://www.pvcw.org Pommerscher Verein Central Wisconsin]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101227031430/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=524 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Pancas]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101227031430/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=524 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Pancas]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá]
-*[https://binbirkopek.com/7284/pomeranian-boo Pomeranian]
 {{Languages of Brazil}}
+{{Germanic languages}}
 {{Pomeranian history|dem}}

Latest revision as of 02:19, 2 October 2024

Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect

Espírito Santo

Minas Gerais

Santa Catarina

Rio Grande do Sul

Rondônia

See also

References

External links