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{{Short description|Northern Low German dialect}}
{{Short description|Low German dialect}}
{{Distinguish |Pomeranian language}}
{{Distinguish |Pomeranian language}}
{{expand Portuguese|date=September 2018}}
{{expand Portuguese|date=September 2018}}
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|name = East Pomeranian
|name = East Pomeranian
|nativename =
|nativename =
|states = Diaspora of German expellees in the Americas
|states = Diaspora of German expellees in the Americas;
formerly: [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]]
|region =
|region =
|speakers = Native: ≅ 300.000
|speakers = Native: ≅ 300.000
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|fam4 = [[North Sea Germanic]]
|fam4 = [[North Sea Germanic]]
|fam5 = [[Low German]]
|fam5 = [[Low German]]
|fam6 = [[Northern Low German]]
|fam6 = [[East Low German]]
|script = {{plainlist|
|script = {{plainlist|
*[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[German orthography#Alphabet|German alphabet]])}}
*[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[German orthography#Alphabet|German alphabet]])}}
|nation = [[Brazil]] (11 municipalities)
|nation = [[Brazil]] (11 municipalities)
|minority = [[United States]]<br>[[Poland]]
|minority = [[United States]]<br>[[Poland]]
|iso2=nds
|iso2=nds
|iso2comment=for [[Low German]]
|iso2comment=for [[Low German]]
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|iso3comment=for [[Low German]]
|iso3comment=for [[Low German]]
|isoexception = dialect
|isoexception = dialect
|glotto =
|glotto = east2293
|glottorefname =
|glottorefname = Mittelpommersch
}}
}}


'''East Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Ostpommersch}}'') or '''Farther Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Hinterpommersch}}'') is a [[Northern Low German]] dialect moribund in [[Europe]], which used to be spoken in the region of [[Farther Pomerania]] when it was part of the German [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], until [[World War II]], and today is part of [[Poland]]. Currently, the language survives mainly in [[Brazil]], where it is spoken by descendants of [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|Germans expelled after the war]] and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of [[Espírito Santo]]. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central [[Wisconsin]] and parts of [[Iowa]], in the [[United States]].
'''East Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Ostpommersch}}'') or '''Farther Pomeranian''' (''{{lang|de|Hinterpommersch}}'') is an [[East Low German]] dialect moribund in [[Europe]], which used to be spoken in the region of [[Farther Pomerania]] when it was part of the German [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], until [[World War II]], and today is part of [[Poland]]. Currently, the language survives mainly in [[Brazil]], where it is spoken by descendants of German immigrants of the 19th century and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of [[Espírito Santo]]. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central [[Wisconsin]] and parts of [[Iowa]], in the [[United States]].


Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian has mostly been influenced by [[Portuguese language]] and [[Hunsrik]], a German dialect derived from the [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]] native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the [[English language]]. The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around [[Bobolice]] and Pommerellisch;
Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian in Brazil has mostly been influenced by [[Portuguese language]] and [[Hunsrik]], a German dialect derived from the [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]] native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the [[English language]].
The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around [[Bobolice]] and Pommerellisch;{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around [[Gdańsk|Danzig/Gdansk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |title=German Language Reclassification &#124; Free Media Productions - Editorials |website=www.freemediaproductions.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702130441/http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around [[Gdańsk|Danzig/Gdansk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |title=German Language Reclassification &#124; Free Media Productions - Editorials |website=www.freemediaproductions.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702130441/http://www.freemediaproductions.info/Editorials/2009/04/12/german-language-reclassification/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better citation needed|date=October 2023}}


==Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect==
==Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect==
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=== Minas Gerais ===
=== Minas Gerais ===
*[[Itueta]] (only in the district of [[Vila Neitzel]])<ref>[http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas]</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&getID=5307 Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120085427/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=November 20, 2015 }}, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011</ref>
*[[Itueta]] (only in the district of [[Vila Neitzel]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |title=Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas |access-date=2012-10-11 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225437/http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&getID=5307 Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120085427/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=November 20, 2015 }}, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011</ref>


=== Santa Catarina ===
=== Santa Catarina ===
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=== Rondônia ===
=== Rondônia ===
*[[Espigão d'Oeste]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20240922002130/https://direitolinguistico.com.br/repositorio/s/rbll/item/136#lg=1&slide=0 LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023], dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima</ref>
*[[Espigão d'Oeste]] (under approval)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000101925 |title=Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D'Oeste-RO |access-date=2012-10-11 |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425050204/http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000101925 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 Sessão Solene em homenagem a Comunidade Pomerana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183001/http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |date=2012-12-21 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D Oeste-RO], acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 Comunidade Pomerana realiza sua tradicional festa folclórica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206002755/http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |date=2015-02-06 }}</ref><ref name="ipol2020"/>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.pvcw.org Pommerscher Verein Central Wisconsin]
* [http://www.pvcw.org Pommerscher Verein Central Wisconsin]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101227031430/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=524 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Pancas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101227031430/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=524 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Pancas]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 Law Co-formalizing East Pomeranian in the Municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá]
*[https://binbirkopek.com/7284/pomeranian-boo Pomeranian]


{{Languages of Brazil}}
{{Languages of Brazil}}
{{Germanic languages}}
{{Pomeranian history|dem}}
{{Pomeranian history|dem}}


Latest revision as of 02:19, 2 October 2024

Not to be confused with Pomeranian language.
East Pomeranian
Native toDiaspora of German expellees in the Americas; formerly: Province of Pomerania
Native speakers
Native: ≅ 300.000
Official status
Official language in
Brazil (11 municipalities)
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-2nds for Low German
ISO 639-3nds for Low German
Glottologeast2293

East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) or Farther Pomeranian (Hinterpommersch) is an East Low German dialect moribund in Europe, which used to be spoken in the region of Farther Pomerania when it was part of the German Province of Pomerania, until World War II, and today is part of Poland. Currently, the language survives mainly in Brazil, where it is spoken by descendants of German immigrants of the 19th century and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central Wisconsin and parts of Iowa, in the United States.

Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian in Brazil has mostly been influenced by Portuguese language and Hunsrik, a German dialect derived from the Hunsrückisch native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the English language.

The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around Bobolice and Pommerellisch;[citation needed] Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around Danzig/Gdansk.[1][better source needed]

Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect

[edit]
Municipalities in which the East Pomeranian dialect has co-official status in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Espírito Santo

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Minas Gerais

[edit]

Santa Catarina

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Rio Grande do Sul

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Rondônia

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "German Language Reclassification | Free Media Productions - Editorials". www.freemediaproductions.info. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  2. ^ Lei 2.069 de 2013, Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio
  3. ^ A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b c d e O povo pomerano no ES Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b "A co-oficialização da língua pomerana" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
  6. ^ Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
  7. ^ «Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES». itarana.es.gov.br
  8. ^ Pomerano!?, acessado em August 21, de 2011
  9. ^ No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Archived March 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em August 21, de 2011
  10. ^ Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo, acessado em August 21, de 2011
  12. ^ "Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
  13. ^ Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público Archived November 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011
  15. ^ Lei Nº 2.907, de 23 de maio de 2017 - Dispõe sobre a co-oficialização da língua pomerana à língua portuguesa no município de Pomerode.
  16. ^ Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Archived May 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "Bancada PP comenta cooficialização pomerana em Canguçu". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  18. ^ Quadro do processo de cooficialização de línguas por municípios, IPOL
  19. ^ LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023, dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima
[edit]
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