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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Guru Nanak’s Temple, Dehradun, India.jpg|thumb|Ramraiya sect gurdwara at Dehradun, India, c. 1857-1858, printed 1859]]
[[File:Guru Nanak’s Temple, Dehradun, India.jpg|thumb|Ramraiya sect gurdwara at Dehradun, India, c. 1857-1858, printed 1859]]
Ram Rai was sent by his father as an emissary to the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in Delhi. Aurangzeb objected to a verse in the Sikh scripture (''[[Asa di Var|Asa ki Var]]'') that stated, "the clay from a Musalman's grave is kneaded into potter's lump", considering it an insult to Islam. Baba Ram Rai explained that the text was miscopied and modified it, substituting "Musalman" with "Beiman" (faithless, evil) which Aurangzeb approved.<ref name="eosramrai">[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n477 Ram Rai], Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University</ref><ref name="McLeod2014p260" /><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harinder |date=8 March 2017 |title=The Next Panjab Kaur |url=https://sikhri.org/articles/the-next-panjab-kaur |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Sikh Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> The willingness to change a word led Guru Har Rai to bar his son from his presence, and name his younger son as his successor. Aurangzeb responded by granting Ram Rai a ''[[jagir]]'' (land grant) in the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal region]] ([[Uttarakhand]]). The area of modern Dehradun was under the rule of raja [[Fateh Shah]] of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal state]], whom had been commanded by Aurangzeb to facilitate Ram Rai and establish himself in the wilds of the valley, where he established his ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbar]]'' in 1676, with the work on the building finally being completed by his widow, Panjab Kaur, in 1699.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 May 2022 |title=Guru Ram Rai Gets a Historian |url=https://garhwalpost.in/guru-ram-rai-gets-a-historian/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Garhwal Post |language=en}}</ref> The town later came to be known as [[Dehradun#Etymology|Dehradun]], after ''[[Dera (organization)|Dehra]]'', referring to Baba Ram Rai's shrine.<ref name="McLeod2014p260">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|pages=260–261}}</ref>
Ram Rai was sent by his father as an emissary to the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in Delhi. Aurangzeb objected to a verse in the Sikh scripture (''[[Asa di Var|Asa ki Var]]'') that stated, "the clay from a Musalman's grave is kneaded into potter's lump", considering it an insult to Islam. Baba Ram Rai explained that the text was miscopied and modified it, substituting "Musalman" with "Beiman" (faithless, evil) which Aurangzeb approved.<ref name="eosramrai">[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n477 Ram Rai], Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University</ref><ref name="McLeod2014p260" /><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harinder |date=8 March 2017 |title=The Next Panjab Kaur |url=https://sikhri.org/articles/the-next-panjab-kaur |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Sikh Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> The willingness to change a word led Guru Har Rai to bar his son from his presence, and name his younger son as his successor. Aurangzeb responded by granting Ram Rai a ''[[jagir]]'' (fief) in the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal region]] ([[Uttarakhand]]). The area of modern Dehradun was under the rule of King [[Fateh Shah]] of [[Garhwal Kingdom]], who had been commanded by Aurangzeb to facilitate Ram Rai and establish himself in the wilds of the valley, where he established his ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbar]]'' in 1676, with the work on the building finally being completed by his widow, Panjab Kaur, in 1699.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 May 2022 |title=Guru Ram Rai Gets a Historian |url=https://garhwalpost.in/guru-ram-rai-gets-a-historian/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Garhwal Post |language=en}}</ref> The town later came to be known as [[Dehradun#Etymology|Dehradun]], after ''[[Dera (organization)|Dehra]]'', referring to Baba Ram Rai's shrine.<ref name="McLeod2014p260">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|pages=260–261}}</ref>


Many followers of Ram Rai settled with Ram Rai, they followed Guru Nanak, but Sikhs have shunned them.<ref name=eosramrai/><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490354/Ram-Raiyas Rām Rāiyā], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> They were one of the Panj Mel, the five reprobate groups that Sikhs are expected to shun with contempt. The other four are the [[Mina (Sikhism)|Minas]], the [[Masand]]s, the Dhirmalias, the Sir-gums (those Sikhs who accept [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit baptism]] but subsequently cut their [[Kesh (Sikhism)|hair]]).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arvind-Pal S. Mandair|author2=Christopher Shackle|author3=Gurharpal Singh|title=Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79ZcAgAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-84634-2|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=SS Kohli |title=The Sikh and Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED0syBKqafMC&pg=PA2 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers | year=1993 |pages= 2–3}}</ref>
Many followers of Ram Rai settled with Ram Rai, they followed Guru Nanak, but Sikhs have shunned them.<ref name=eosramrai/><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490354/Ram-Raiyas Rām Rāiyā], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> They were one of the Panj Mel, the five reprobate groups that Sikhs are expected to shun with contempt. The other four are the [[Mina (Sikhism)|Minas]], the [[Masand]]s, the Dhirmalias, the Sir-gums (those Sikhs who accept [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit baptism]] but subsequently cut their [[Kesh (Sikhism)|hair]]).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arvind-Pal S. Mandair|author2=Christopher Shackle|author3=Gurharpal Singh|title=Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79ZcAgAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-84634-2|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=SS Kohli |title=The Sikh and Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED0syBKqafMC&pg=PA2 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers | year=1993 |pages= 2–3}}</ref>


After the death of Ram Rai, successive ''[[Mahant|mahants]]'' of the [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib|Dehradun Darbar]] became the leaders of the sect, whom were worshiped by its followers.{{cn|date=May 2023}}
After the death of Ram Rai, successive ''[[mahant]]s'' of the [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib|Dehradun Darbar]] became the leaders of the sect, who were worshiped by its followers.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

== Leaders ==
== Leaders ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kamboj |first=B. P. |title=Early Wall Painting of Garhwal |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=9788173871399 |pages=26–29}}</ref>
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kamboj |first=B. P. |title=Early Wall Painting of Garhwal |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=9788173871399 |pages=26–29}}</ref>
|-
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Mahant|Mahants]]
! colspan="5" |[[Mahant]]s
|-
|-
|2.
|2.
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*[[Ramgharia]]
*[[Ramgharia]]
*[[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]]
*[[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]]
*


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 22:53, 2 October 2024

Ramraiya
ਰਾਮਰਾਈਆ
Painting of a Ramraiya ascetic of Varanasi from a folio of a manuscript of the Silsilah-i-Jogiyan, ca.1800
Founder
Ram Rai
Regions with significant populations
Punjab • Uttarakhand (Dehradun)
Religions
Sikhism
Languages
Punjabi
Part of a series on
Sikhism
Khanda
Sikh gurus
Selected revered saints
Philosophy
Practices
Scripture
Places and Takhts
General topics
Sikhism and other religions

Ramraiyas (Gurmukhi: ਰਾਮਰਾਈਆ; rāmarā'ī'ā), also referred to as Ram Raiyas, are a Sikh sect that follow Ram Rai, the excommunicated eldest son of Guru Har Rai (1630–61).[1]

History

[edit]
Ramraiya sect gurdwara at Dehradun, India, c. 1857-1858, printed 1859

Ram Rai was sent by his father as an emissary to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi. Aurangzeb objected to a verse in the Sikh scripture (Asa ki Var) that stated, "the clay from a Musalman's grave is kneaded into potter's lump", considering it an insult to Islam. Baba Ram Rai explained that the text was miscopied and modified it, substituting "Musalman" with "Beiman" (faithless, evil) which Aurangzeb approved.[2][3][4] The willingness to change a word led Guru Har Rai to bar his son from his presence, and name his younger son as his successor. Aurangzeb responded by granting Ram Rai a jagir (fief) in the Garhwal region (Uttarakhand). The area of modern Dehradun was under the rule of King Fateh Shah of Garhwal Kingdom, who had been commanded by Aurangzeb to facilitate Ram Rai and establish himself in the wilds of the valley, where he established his Durbar in 1676, with the work on the building finally being completed by his widow, Panjab Kaur, in 1699.[5] The town later came to be known as Dehradun, after Dehra, referring to Baba Ram Rai's shrine.[3]

Many followers of Ram Rai settled with Ram Rai, they followed Guru Nanak, but Sikhs have shunned them.[2][6] They were one of the Panj Mel, the five reprobate groups that Sikhs are expected to shun with contempt. The other four are the Minas, the Masands, the Dhirmalias, the Sir-gums (those Sikhs who accept Amrit baptism but subsequently cut their hair).[7][8]

After the death of Ram Rai, successive mahants of the Dehradun Darbar became the leaders of the sect, who were worshiped by its followers.[citation needed]

Leaders

[edit]
No. Name

(Birth–Death)

Portrait Leadership term Reference(s)
1. Ram Rai(1645 – 1687) ? – 1687 [1][9]
Mahants
2. Aud Das[note 1] 1687 – 1741 [9][10]
3. Har Prasad 1741 – 1766 [9][10]
4. Har Sewak 1766 – 1818 [10][11]
5. Har Swaroop Das 1818 – 1842 [10][11]
6. Preetam Das 1842 – 1854 [10][11]
7. Narayan Das 1854 – 1885 [10][11]
8. Prayag Das 1885 – 1896 [10][11]
9. Laxman Das 1896 – 1945 [10][12]
10. Indiresh Charan Das

(14 November 1919 – 10 June 2000)

1945 – 2000 [10][13]
11. Davendra Das 2000 – present [10][14]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ According to the tradition of the Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib, Aud Das was the successor to Ram Rai. However, Henry George Walton in the British Garhwal: A Gazetteer, regards Har Prasad as his immediate successor, ignoring Aud Das.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Rām Rāiyā", Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ a b Ram Rai, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University
  3. ^ a b Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 260–261. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
  4. ^ Singh, Harinder (8 March 2017). "The Next Panjab Kaur". Sikh Research Institute. Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  5. ^ "Guru Ram Rai Gets a Historian". Garhwal Post. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  6. ^ Rām Rāiyā, Encyclopædia Britannica
  7. ^ Arvind-Pal S. Mandair; Christopher Shackle; Gurharpal Singh (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Taylor & Francis. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-136-84634-2.
  8. ^ SS Kohli (1993). The Sikh and Sikhism. Atlantic Publishers. pp. 2–3.
  9. ^ a b c Kamboj, B. P. (2003). Early Wall Painting of Garhwal. Indus Publishing. pp. 26–29. ISBN 9788173871399.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mahants & Gurus, Darbar Shri Guru Ram Rai Ji Maharaj - Dehradun". www.sgrrdarbar.org. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
  11. ^ a b c d e Kamboj, B. P. (2003). Early Wall Painting of Garhwal. Indus Publishing. p. 130. ISBN 9788173871399.
  12. ^ Sharma, Gopi Nath (1992). Haqiqat bahida: 27-37. Haqiqat bahida: H.H. Maharana Fateh Singhji, 24th Dec. 1884 to 24 May 1930. Maharana Mewar Research Institute. p. 98.
  13. ^ Chandola, Anoop (2012). In the Himalayan Nights: Tales from Two Continents. Savant Books and Publications. p. 178. ISBN 9780982998700.
  14. ^ "Doon Sikh Welfare Society thanks Mahant Devendra Das". Garhwal Post. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
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