T65 assault rifle: Difference between revisions

T65 assault rifle
T65 assault rifle
	The CSF Type 65 rifle
Type	Assault rifle
Place of origin	Republic of China (Taiwan)
Service history
In service	1976-present
Used by	See Users
Wars	Salvadoran Civil War; United States invasion of Panama; First Liberian Civil War; Second Liberian Civil War; Iraq War; 2011 Libyan Civil War[citation needed]
Production history
Designer	Combined Logistics Command
Manufacturer	205th Arsenal
Produced	1976
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Mass	3.31 kg
Length	990 mm
Barrel length	508 mm
Cartridge	5.56×45mm NATO
Caliber	5.56mm (.223 in)
Action	Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire	700-800 RPM
Feed system	Various STANAG Magazines.
Sights	Iron sights

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T65K2 with Republic of China (Taiwan) infantry.

The T65 (聯勤 Type 65) is an assault rifle developed and manufactured by the Combined Logistics Command of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces in Taiwan.^[1] Originally patterned after the Armalite AR-18 that has a short-stroke gas system, the prototype unveiled in 1975 showed a rifle that is heavily influenced by the AR-15 family of rifles, albeit with modified iron sights, a reshaped stock, and redesigned handguards. The designated number '65' refers to the Year 65 of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (1976), the year the rifle's design was finalized.

The T65 series served as the standard issue weapon for front-line usage of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Army and the Republic of China (Taiwan) Marine Corps until being replaced by the more technologically advanced T91 in the early 2000s. T65 rifles are currently used by Taiwan’s Army Reserves, Army Basic Training Centers, Air Force and the Taiwan National Police Agency.

History

The T65 assault rifle was developed to replace M14 rifles imported from the United States.^[2] Reports on the original T65 rifle suggested that it performed poorly, but was later improved and became the T65K2.

Experience in the T65 later led to the development of the T86 carbine, followed by the T91 carbine.^[3]

Design

The T65 assault rifle is a gas operated, select fire rifle. It uses an AR-15 style two-part aluminum receiver and similar rotating bolt action, although the gas system is a short-stroke gas piston, compared with the AR-15's direct gas impingement system. The piston is located above the barrel and concealed within the handguards. The T65 design replaced the carrying handle of M16 pattern rifles with a rear sight block. The carrying handle returned with the T65K2 (but was removable on the T91 carbine). The T65 uses magazines compatible with AR-15 pattern rifles.

The T65 assault rifle is the first 5.56×45mm NATO rifle adopted by the Taiwanese military, with the project starting in 1968. The design sought to improve the AR-15 design by replacing the direct impingement system with a short stroke gas piston, improving the reliability of the rifle.

The T65 has a fire selector with three positions: safe, semiautomatic and fully automatic. It takes standard STANAG magazines, and the piston has its own spring recovery. After firing the gas following the bullet pushes the piston towards the receiver, it connects with the front of the bolt carrier, and the bolt carrier is driven back by inertia. The bolt itself is near identical to an AR-15.

It can be equipped with a bayonet, which is a clone of the M7 bayonet.^[2]

Variants

T65^[4]
T65K1
T65K2^[5]
- T65K2 Carbine^[6]
T65K3^[7]

Users

Costa Rica: Used by Costa Rican security forces.^[1]
Guatemala^[8]
Dominican Republic
El Salvador: Used by El Salvadoran military and police.^[9]^[1]
Haiti: Used by Haitian police.^[10]
Honduras: Used by Honduran Police.^[1]
Liberia: Reported to be used in the country.^[2]
Libya^[11]
Nicaragua
Panama: Former rifle of the defunct Panama Defense Forces.^[12] Acquired 10,000 before the PDF started to use AK-based assault rifles.^[1]
Paraguay^[13]
Taiwan^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e https://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/ Archived February 29, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c http://pewpewpew.work/china/tw/t65/t65.htm Archived January 10, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
^ https://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/taiwan-assault-rifles/t65-t86-t91-eng/ Archived April 18, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
^ "聯勤 T65 突擊步槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ "聯勤 T65K2 突擊步槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ "T65K2Carbine". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ "聯勤 T65K3 卡賓槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ https://sadefensejournal.com/police-small-arms-arsenals-in-the-northern-central-american-triangle/ Archived February 25, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
^ Montes, Julio A. (12 January 2012). "El Salvador: Standing Talls". Small Arms Defense Journal. Vol. 3, no. 4. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023.
^ "Haitian Police Spotted with Galil ACE, T65 Rifles - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. 30 April 2014. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ "T65 (Type 65)". www.militaryfactory.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
^ Gordon L. Rottman (1991). Panama 1989–90. Osprey Publishing. pp. 14, 16, 63. ISBN 1855321564.
^ Núñez, Elton. "Bicentenario Paraguayo: Desfile Militar". yluux.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
^ "The Gun Zone -- A 5.56 X 45mm "Timeline" 1974-1979". Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[SADJT-1] ttps://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/ Archived February 29, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

[PewT65-2] ttp://pewpewpew.work/china/tw/t65/t65.htm Archived January 10, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

[3] ttps://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/taiwan-assault-rifles/t65-t86-t91-eng/ Archived April 18, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

[4] "聯勤 T65 突擊步槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[5] "聯勤 T65K2 突擊步槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[6] "T65K2Carbine". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[7] "聯勤 T65K3 卡賓槍". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[8] ttps://sadefensejournal.com/police-small-arms-arsenals-in-the-northern-central-american-triangle/ Archived February 25, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

[9] Montes, Julio A. (12 January 2012). "El Salvador: Standing Talls". Small Arms Defense Journal. Vol. 3, no. 4. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023.

[10] "Haitian Police Spotted with Galil ACE, T65 Rifles - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. 30 April 2014. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

[11] "T65 (Type 65)". www.militaryfactory.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-07.

[12] Gordon L. Rottman (1991). Panama 1989–90. Osprey Publishing. pp. 14, 16, 63. ISBN 1855321564.

[13] Núñez, Elton. "Bicentenario Paraguayo: Desfile Militar". yluux.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.

[14] "The Gun Zone -- A 5.56 X 45mm "Timeline" 1974-1979". Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | image_size        = 300
 |caption           = The CSF Type 65 rifle
-|origin            = [[Taiwan]] (Republic of China)
+|origin            = {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]]
 |type              = [[Assault rifle]]
 <!-- Type selection -->
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 |service           = 1976-present
 |used_by           = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
-|wars              = [[Salvadoran Civil War]]<br />[[Second Liberian Civil War]]<br />[[Operation Just Cause]]<br />[[Iraq War]]<br />[[2011 Libyan Civil War]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}}
+|wars              = [[Salvadoran Civil War]]<br/>[[United States invasion of Panama]]<br/>[[First Liberian Civil War]]<br/>[[Second Liberian Civil War]]<br />[[Iraq War]]<br />[[2011 Libyan Civil War]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}}
 <!-- Production history -->
 |designer          = [[Combined Logistics Command]]
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |sights            = [[Iron sight]]s
 }}
-[[Image:Cimg09531ze4.jpg|thumb|250px|right|T65K2 with [[Republic of China Marine Corps]] infantry.]]
+[[Image:Cimg09531ze4.jpg|thumb|250px|right|T65K2 with [[Republic of China Marine Corps|Republic of China (Taiwan)]] infantry.]]
-[[File:03.12 總統視導「陸軍206旅教召部隊」20220312.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Republic of China Army]] 206 Brigade educational mobilization to training to use T65K2 assault rifle.]]
+[[File:03.12 總統視導「陸軍206旅教召部隊」20220312.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Republic of China Army|Republic of China (Taiwan) Army]] 206 Brigade educational mobilization to training to use T65K2 assault rifle.]]
-[[File:TwT65 DSC00048.JPG|thumb|T65 receiver]]
-The '''T65 (聯勤 Type 65)''' is a [[rifle]] developed and manufactured by the [[Combined Logistics Command]] of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] in [[Taiwan]].<ref name="SADJT">https://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/</ref> Originally patterned after the [[Armalite AR-18]] that has a [[gas operated|short-stroke gas system]], the prototype unveiled in 1975 showed a rifle that is heavily influenced by the [[M16 rifle|AR-15]] family of rifles, albeit with modified [[iron sights]], a reshaped stock, and redesigned handguards. The designated number '65' refers to the [[Minguo calendar|Year 65]] of [[Republic of China]] (1976), the year the rifle's design was finalized. Upgraded versions were designated the Type 65K2 and Type 65K3.
+The '''T65 (聯勤 Type 65)''' is an assault [[rifle]] developed and manufactured by the [[Combined Logistics Command]] of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces|Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces]] in [[Taiwan]].<ref name="SADJT">https://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229020951/https://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/|date=February 29, 2024}}</ref> Originally patterned after the [[Armalite AR-18]] that has a [[gas operated|short-stroke gas system]], the prototype unveiled in 1975 showed a rifle that is heavily influenced by the [[M16 rifle|AR-15]] family of rifles, albeit with modified [[iron sights]], a reshaped stock, and redesigned handguards. The designated number '65' refers to the [[Minguo calendar|Year 65]] of the [[Republic of China calendar|Republic of China (Taiwan) (1976)]], the year the rifle's design was finalized.
-The T65 series served as the standard issue weapon for front-line usage of the [[Republic of China Army|army]] and the [[Republic of China Marine Corps|marine corps]] until being replaced by the follow-on [[T91 assault rifle|T91]] in the early 2000s. T65 rifles are currently used by the Army Reserves, Army Basic Training Centers, Air Force  and the [[National Police Agency (Taiwan)|National Police Agency]].
+The T65 series served as the standard issue weapon for front-line usage of the [[Republic of China Army|Republic of China (Taiwan) Army]] and the [[Republic of China Marine Corps|Republic of China (Taiwan) Marine Corps]] until being replaced by the more technologically advanced [[T91 assault rifle|T91]] in the early 2000s. T65 rifles are currently used by [[Taiwan|Taiwan’s]] Army Reserves, Army Basic Training Centers, Air Force  and the [[National Police Agency (Taiwan)|Taiwan National Police Agency]].
 ==History==
-The T65 assault rifle was developed at the Taiwan State Arsenal to replace the obsolete 7.62mm M14 rifles imported from the United States. Reports on the original T65 rifle suggested that it performed poorly, but was later improved and became the T65K2 (also referred to as the T68). Later on, a T86 carbine was developed, very similar in appearance to the US-made M4 carbine although using the piston-type gas action of T65. The last weapon in the series is the T91 carbine, which can be described as a T86 with the carrying handle replaced by a Picatinny-type accessory rail.
+The T65 assault rifle was developed to replace M14 rifles imported from the United States.<ref name="PewT65">http://pewpewpew.work/china/tw/t65/t65.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110035202/http://pewpewpew.work/china/tw/t65/t65.htm|date=January 10, 2024}}</ref> Reports on the original T65 rifle suggested that it performed poorly, but was later improved and became the T65K2.
+Experience in the T65 later led to the development of the T86 carbine, followed by the T91 carbine.<ref>https://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/taiwan-assault-rifles/t65-t86-t91-eng/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418170707/https://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/taiwan-assault-rifles/t65-t86-t91-eng/|date=April 18, 2024}}</ref>
 ==Design==
@@ Line 58: / Line 59: @@
 The T65 has a fire selector with three positions: safe, semiautomatic and fully automatic. It takes standard STANAG magazines, and the piston has its own spring recovery. After firing the gas following the bullet pushes the piston towards the receiver, it connects with the front of the bolt carrier, and the bolt carrier is driven back by inertia. The bolt itself is near identical to an AR-15.
+It can be equipped with a bayonet, which is a clone of the M7 bayonet.<ref name="PewT65"/>
 ==Variants==
@@ Line 70: / Line 73: @@
 * {{flag|Costa Rica}}: Used by Costa Rican security forces.<ref name="SADJT"/>
+* {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref>https://sadefensejournal.com/police-small-arms-arsenals-in-the-northern-central-american-triangle/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225204748/https://sadefensejournal.com/police-small-arms-arsenals-in-the-northern-central-american-triangle/|date=February 25, 2024}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Guatemala}}
 * {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
 * {{flag|El Salvador}}: Used by El Salvadoran military and police.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=El Salvador: Standing Talls|magazine=Small Arms Defense Journal |date=12 January 2012|first=Julio A. |last=Montes|url=http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=952|volume=3|issue=4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408125917/https://sadefensejournal.com/el-salvador-standing-tall/|archive-date=April 8, 2023}}</ref><ref name="SADJT"/>
 * {{flag|Haiti}}: Used by [[Haitian National Police|Haitian police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2014/04/30/haitian-police-spotted-galil-ace-t65-rifles/|title=Haitian Police Spotted with Galil ACE, T65 Rifles - The Firearm Blog|work=The Firearm Blog|date=30 April 2014|access-date=15 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425080423/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2014/04/30/haitian-police-spotted-galil-ace-t65-rifles/|archive-date=April 25, 2023}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Honduras}}: Used by Honduran Police.<ref name="SADJT"/>
+* {{flag|Liberia}}: Reported to be used in the country.<ref name="PewT65"/>
-* {{flag|Liberia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i142.photobucket.com/albums/r101/allunit211/9001rp.jpg |title=Child Soldier in Liberia Holding a T65 Assault Rifle|website=i142.photobucket.com |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116170055/https://i142.photobucket.com/albums/r101/allunit211/9001rp.jpg |archive-date=16 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}{{better source needed}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Libya}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=T65 (Type 65) |url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=621 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.militaryfactory.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201164854/https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=621|archive-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Nicaragua}}
-* {{flag|Panama}} Former rifle of the defunct [[Panama Defense Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Panama 1989–90|url=https://archive.org/details/panama00rott|url-access=limited|author=Gordon L. Rottman|isbn=1855321564|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1991|pages=[https://archive.org/details/panama00rott/page/n14 14], 16, 63}}</ref> Acquired 10,000 before the PDF started to use AK-based assault rifles.<ref name="SADJT"/>
+* {{flag|Panama}}: Former rifle of the defunct [[Panama Defense Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Panama 1989–90|url=https://archive.org/details/panama00rott|url-access=limited|author=Gordon L. Rottman|isbn=1855321564|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1991|pages=[https://archive.org/details/panama00rott/page/n14 14], 16, 63}}</ref> Acquired 10,000 before the PDF started to use AK-based assault rifles.<ref name="SADJT"/>
 * {{flag|Paraguay}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bicentenario Paraguayo: Desfile Militar|last= Núñez|first=Elton |url=http://www.yluux.com/2011/05/16/bicentenario-paraguayo-desfile-militar/comment-page-1/|website=yluux.com|access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220020009/http://www.yluux.com/2011/05/16/bicentenario-paraguayo-desfile-militar/comment-page-1/|archive-date=February 20, 2020}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Taiwan}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegunzone.com/556dw-7.html|title=The Gun Zone -- A 5.56 X 45mm "Timeline" 1974-1979|access-date=15 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925135242/http://thegunzone.com/556dw-7.html|archive-date=25 September 2012}}</ref>
-==See also==
-* [[T86 assault rifle]]
-* [[XT-97 Assault Rifle]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{commons category|T65 rifle}}
-==External links==
-{{commons|Type 65 rifle}}
-*[https://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/taiwan-assault-rifles/t65-t86-t91-eng/ Modern Firearms - T65, T86 and T91 assault rifle (Taiwan)]
 {{Military of the Republic of China}}
@@ Line 98: / Line 95: @@
 [[Category:5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles]]
 [[Category:Short stroke piston firearms]]
-[[Category:Firearms of the Republic of China]]
+[[Category:Assault rifles of Taiwan]]
 [[Category:ArmaLite AR-10 derivatives]]
 [[Category:AR-15 style rifles]]