Yucca gigantea: Difference between revisions

Yucca gigantea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Asparagaceae
Subfamily:	Agavoideae
Genus:	Yucca
Species:	Y. gigantea
Binomial name
	Yucca gigantea; Lem.
Synonyms
	Dracaena lennei Baker ; Dracaena yuccoides Baker ; Sarcoyucca elephantipes Linding., nom. superfl. ; Yucca eleana W.Watson ; Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel., nom. illeg. ; Yucca elephantipes var. ghiesbreghtii Molon ; Yucca ghiesbreghtii Baker ; Yucca guatemalensis Baker ; Yucca lenneana Baker ; Yucca mazelii W.Watson ; Yucca mooreana Baker ; Yucca roezlii Baker ;

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Yucca gigantea (syn. Yucca elephantipes) is a species of flowering plant in the asparagus family, native to Mexico and Central America. Growing up to 8–12 m (26–39 ft) in height,^[3] it is an evergreen shrub which is widely cultivated as an ornamental garden or house plant, often referred to simply as yucca cane.^[4] The edible flower is the national flower of El Salvador locally called izote, and it is used extensively in Salvadoran cuisine.^{[citation needed]}

Names

Common names include spineless yucca, soft-tip yucca, blue-stem yucca, giant yucca, yucca cane, and itabo. Its flower, the izote, is the national flower of El Salvador.^{[citation needed]}

Description

Yucca gigantea is typically less than 6 m (20 ft) in height. It may have a thick, single trunk or be multitrunked, growing from a thickened, inflated, trunk-like lower base similar to an elephant's foot.^[5]^[6] The exceptionally narrow leaves fan out in clumps. They are strap-like, spineless and up to 1.2 m (4 ft) in length. White flowers are produced in the summer. Mature plants produce erect spikes of pendent flowers up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length.^[3] Flowers are followed by brown, fleshy fruits which are oval and up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long.^[5]

Taxonomy

The French botanist Charles Lemaire published the name Yucca gigantea in November 1859.^[7] This is the name used by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of January 2014^[update],^[1] although other sources use Yucca guatemalensis, published by Baker in 1872.^[8]

The species is still most widely known in the horticultural literature as Yucca elephantipes. The first mention of that name was by the German horticulturalist Eduard von Regel in February 1859. He claimed that a different species, Y. aloifolia, was sometimes known as Y. elephantipes when grown in European gardens because of its thickened stem base.^[9] However, since he did not intend to offer Y. elephantipes as the actual correct name, this was not a valid publication. In a major article on yuccas and allies in 1902, the American botanist William Trelease also used the name Y. elephantipes, referring to Regel's 1859 publication.^[10] This came too late though, as Y. gigantea had by then already been established.^[7]^[11] Y. elephantipes must therefore be regarded as an illegitimate name, according to the strict rules of the ICN,^[12]

Distribution

Yucca gigantea is found natively in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the eastern part of Mexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Veracruz, eastern Puebla and southern Tamaulipas).^[8]

It is also reportedly naturalized in Puerto Rico, the Leeward Islands and Ecuador.^[13]

Cultivation

The species can be grown in a variety of soils and is drought-tolerant. Young plants are occasionally used as houseplants. However the species grows best in a hot semi-arid climate, so plants are subject to root rot if overwatered. Older plants are generally the most susceptible. For this reason young, shorter trees are superior houseplants as they are more adaptable to environmental changes. The species has some cold tolerance, rated as hardiness zone 9b, but it is nowhere near as hardy as other yucca from more northern deserts. Yucca gigantea can be affected by a number of pests including scale, yucca moth borers, and yucca weevils.^[14]^[15] Leaf spot may affect the appearance of the leaves, but it does not affect the health of the plant. Propagation is by suckers, cuttings or seed.^[5]

Under the synonym Yucca elephantipes this species has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[3]^[16]

Uses

This section describes the gastronomic use of the flower in Latin America, but it is important to note that the specific examples are not unique to that region. There are hundreds of ways the flower is used in cooking due to the hundreds of indigenous tribes spanning from North to South America that ate Yucca flowers.

The flower petals are commonly eaten in Central America, but its reproductive organs (the anthers and ovaries) are first removed because of their bitterness.^[17] The petals are blanched for 5 minutes, and then cooked a la mexicana (with tomato, onion, chile) or in tortitas con salsa (egg-battered patties with green or red sauce). In Guatemala, they are boiled and eaten with lemon juice.^[17]

In El Salvador, the tender tips of stems are eaten, and known locally as cogollo de izote.^[17]

Gallery

Yucca gigantea in the Parc de la Ciutadella, Barcelona
Izote, the national flower of El Salvador
Detail of the trunk base, similar to an elephant foot (hence the synonym elephantipes)
Young Yucca gigantea and Aloe vera kept as a houseplant

References

^ ^a ^b ^c World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 291761.
^ Tropicos, Yucca gigantea
^ ^a ^b ^c "Yucca elephantipes". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
^ Lowes L20982hp
^ ^a ^b ^c Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. "Yucca elephantipes" (PDF). Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
^ Eggli, Urs (2001). Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Springer. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-540-41692-0. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b Lemaire, Charles (1859). L'Illustration horticole, volume 6. J. Linder. p. 91.
^ ^a ^b "Yucca guatemalensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
^ von Regel, Eduard August (1859). "Aufzählung der Yucca-arten des Kaiserlichen Botanischen Gartens in St. Petersburg nebst Beiträgen zu deren Cultur". Gartenflora. 8: 34–38. Retrieved 2012-02-26. p. 35: "Wegen des am Grunde verdickten Stammes in den Gärten auch als Y. elephantipes gehend." (Going also in gardens as Y. elephantipes because of the thickened base of the stem).
^ Trelease, William (1902). "The Yucceae". Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report. 13: 27–129. doi:10.2307/2400121. JSTOR 2400121. p. 94
^ Tropicos.org. "**Yucca elephantipes Regel". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
^ "Yucca elephantipes". The Plant List. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ "Yucca weevil—Scyphophorus yuccae". Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
^ Ryczkowski, Angela. "Insects & Pests of the Yucca". San Francisco Gate. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 108. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 0415927463.

[WCSP_291761-1] World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 291761.

[2] Tropicos, Yucca gigantea

[RHSPF-3] "Yucca elephantipes". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

[4] Lowes L20982hp

[USDA-5] Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. "Yucca elephantipes" (PDF). Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved 19 February 2014.

[Eggli2001-6] Eggli, Urs (2001). Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Springer. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-540-41692-0. Retrieved 26 February 2012.

[L'Illustration_horticole-7] Lemaire, Charles (1859). L'Illustration horticole, volume 6. J. Linder. p. 91.

[GRIN-8] "Yucca guatemalensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-02-06.

[Regel1859-9] von Regel, Eduard August (1859). "Aufzählung der Yucca-arten des Kaiserlichen Botanischen Gartens in St. Petersburg nebst Beiträgen zu deren Cultur". Gartenflora. 8: 34–38. Retrieved 2012-02-26. p. 35: "Wegen des am Grunde verdickten Stammes in den Gärten auch als Y. elephantipes gehend." (Going also in gardens as Y. elephantipes because of the thickened base of the stem).

[Trel02-10] Trelease, William (1902). "The Yucceae". Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report. 13: 27–129. doi:10.2307/2400121. JSTOR 2400121. p. 94

[11] Tropicos.org. "**Yucca elephantipes Regel". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2012-02-26.

[TPL-12] "Yucca elephantipes". The Plant List. Retrieved 11 March 2018.

[13] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[UC-IPM-14] "Yucca weevil—Scyphophorus yuccae". Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

[Ryczkowski-15] Ryczkowski, Angela. "Insects & Pests of the Yucca". San Francisco Gate. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

[16] "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 108. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

[pieroni-17] Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 0415927463.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |image_caption =
 |authority = [[Charles Antoine Lemaire|Lem.]]<ref name=WCSP_291761/>
-|synonyms =*''Dracaena lennei'' <small>Baker</small>
+|synonyms ={{Specieslist
-*''Dracaena yuccoides'' <small>Baker</small>
+ |Dracaena lennei|Baker
+ |Dracaena yuccoides|Baker
-*''Sarcoyucca elephantipes'' <small>Linding., nom. superfl.</small>
+ |Sarcoyucca elephantipes|Linding., nom. superfl.
-*''Yucca eleana'' <small>W.Watson</small>
+ |Yucca eleana|W.Watson
-*''Yucca elephantipes'' <small>Regel ex Trel., nom. illeg.</small>
-*''Yucca elephantipes'' var. ''ghiesbreghtii'' <small>Molon</small>
+ |Yucca elephantipes|Regel ex Trel., nom. illeg.
+ |Yucca elephantipes var. ghiesbreghtii|Molon
-*''Yucca ghiesbreghtii'' <small>Baker</small>
-*''Yucca guatemalensis'' <small>Baker</small>
+ |Yucca ghiesbreghtii|Baker
-*''Yucca lenneana'' <small>Baker</small>
+ |Yucca guatemalensis|Baker
+ |Yucca lenneana|Baker
-*''Yucca mazelii'' <small>W.Watson</small>
+ |Yucca mazelii|W.Watson
-*''Yucca mooreana'' <small>Baker</small>
-*''Yucca roezlii'' <small>Baker</small>
+ |Yucca mooreana|Baker
+ |Yucca roezlii|Baker
+ }}
 |synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP_291761>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=291761 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 291761.]</ref><ref>Tropicos, Yucca gigantea</ref>
 }}
-'''''Yucca gigantea''''' ([[synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] ''Yucca elephantipes'')  is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the asparagus [[family (botany)|family]], native to Mexico and Central America. Growing up to {{convert|8-12|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height,<ref name = RHSPF/> it is an [[evergreen]] shrub which is widely cultivated as an ornamental garden or house plant often being called just yucca cane.<ref>Lowes L20982hp</ref> The edible flower is the national flower of [[El Salvador]] locally called '''izote''', and it is used extensively in [[Salvadoran cuisine]].{{cn|date=August 2020}}
+'''''Yucca gigantea''''' ([[synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] ''Yucca elephantipes'')  is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the asparagus [[family (botany)|family]], native to Mexico and Central America. Growing up to {{convert|8-12|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height,<ref name = RHSPF/> it is an [[evergreen]] [[shrub]] which is widely cultivated as an ornamental garden or house plant, often referred to simply as yucca cane.<ref>Lowes L20982hp</ref> The edible [[flower]] is the national flower of [[El Salvador]] locally called '''izote''', and it is used extensively in [[Salvadoran cuisine]].{{cn|date=August 2020}}
 ==Names==
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 ==Description==
-''Yucca gigantea'' is usually less than {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height. It may have a thick, single trunk or be multitrunked resulting from a thickened, inflated, trunk-like lower base similar to an elephant's foot.<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|author=Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson|url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/st/st67500.pdf|title=''Yucca elephantipes''|publisher=Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Eggli2001">{{cite book|author=Eggli, Urs|title=Illustrated handbook of succulent plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bjwYOO_Zt0C&pg=PA93|access-date=26 February 2012|year=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-41692-0|page=93}}</ref> The exceptionally narrow leaves fan out in clumps. They are strap-like, spineless and up to {{convert|1.2|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} in length. White flowers are produced in the summer. Mature plants produce erect spikes of pendent flowers up to {{convert|1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name = RHSPF/> Flowers are followed by brown, fleshy fruits which are oval and up to {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} long.<ref name=USDA/>
+''Yucca gigantea'' is typically less than {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height. It may have a thick, single trunk or be multitrunked, growing from a thickened, inflated, trunk-like lower base similar to an elephant's foot.<ref name="USDA">{{cite web |author=Gilman |first=Edward F. |last2=Watson |first2=Dennis G. |title=''Yucca elephantipes'' |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/st/st67500.pdf |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida}}</ref><ref name="Eggli2001">{{cite book|author=Eggli, Urs|title=Illustrated handbook of succulent plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bjwYOO_Zt0C&pg=PA93|access-date=26 February 2012|year=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-41692-0|page=93}}</ref> The exceptionally narrow leaves fan out in clumps. They are strap-like, spineless and up to {{convert|1.2|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} in length. White flowers are produced in the summer. Mature plants produce erect spikes of pendent flowers up to {{convert|1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name = RHSPF/> Flowers are followed by brown, fleshy fruits which are oval and up to {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} long.<ref name=USDA/>
 ==Taxonomy==
 The French botanist [[Charles Antoine Lemaire|Charles Lemaire]] published the name ''Yucca gigantea'' in November 1859.<ref name="L'Illustration horticole"/>  This is the name used by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families {{As of|2014|January|lc=yes}},<ref name=WCSP_291761/> although other sources use ''Yucca guatemalensis'', published by Baker in 1872.<ref name=GRIN/>
-The species is still most widely known in the horticultural literature as ''Yucca elephantipes''. The first mention of that name was by the German horticulturalist [[Eduard August von Regel|Eduard von Regel]] in February 1859. He claimed that a different species, ''[[Y. aloifolia]]'', was sometimes known as ''Y. elephantipes'' when grown in European gardens because of its thickened stem base.<ref name=Regel1859/> However, since he did not intend to offer ''Y. elephantipes'' as the actual correct name, this was not a valid publication. In a major article on yuccas and allies in 1902, the American botanist [[William Trelease]] also used the name ''Y. elephantipes'', referring to Regel's 1859 publication.<ref name=Trel02/> This came too late though, as ''Y. gigantea'' had by then already been established.<ref name="L'Illustration horticole">{{cite book|last=Lemaire|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Antoine Lemaire|title=L'Illustration horticole, volume 6|url=https://archive.org/details/lillustrationho06lemagoog|year=1859|publisher=J. Linder|page=[https://archive.org/details/lillustrationho06lemagoog/page/n369 91]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tropicos.org |title=**''Yucca elephantipes'' Regel |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2012-02-26 |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/18404059 }}</ref> ''Y. elephantipes'' must therefore be regarded as an [[illegitimate name]], according to the strict rules of the [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|ICN]],<ref name = TPL>{{cite web | url= http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-291714 | title = ''Yucca elephantipes'' | publisher = The Plant List | access-date = 11 March 2018}}</ref>
+The species is still most widely known in the horticultural literature as ''Yucca elephantipes''. The first mention of that name was by the German horticulturalist [[Eduard August von Regel|Eduard von Regel]] in February 1859. He claimed that a different species, ''[[Yucca_aloifolia|Y. aloifolia]]'', was sometimes known as ''Y. elephantipes'' when grown in European gardens because of its thickened stem base.<ref name=Regel1859/> However, since he did not intend to offer ''Y. elephantipes'' as the actual correct name, this was not a valid publication. In a major article on yuccas and allies in 1902, the American botanist [[William Trelease]] also used the name ''Y. elephantipes'', referring to Regel's 1859 publication.<ref name=Trel02/> This came too late though, as ''Y. gigantea'' had by then already been established.<ref name="L'Illustration horticole">{{cite book|last=Lemaire|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Antoine Lemaire|title=L'Illustration horticole, volume 6|url=https://archive.org/details/lillustrationho06lemagoog|year=1859|publisher=J. Linder|page=[https://archive.org/details/lillustrationho06lemagoog/page/n369 91]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tropicos.org |title=**''Yucca elephantipes'' Regel |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2012-02-26 |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/18404059 }}</ref> ''Y. elephantipes'' must therefore be regarded as an [[illegitimate name]], according to the strict rules of the [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|ICN]],<ref name = TPL>{{cite web | url= http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-291714 | title = ''Yucca elephantipes'' | publisher = The Plant List | access-date = 11 March 2018}}</ref>
 ==Distribution==
@@ Line 39: / Line 41: @@
 ==Cultivation==
-The species can be grown in a variety of soils and is drought-tolerant. Young plants are occasionally used as [[houseplants]]. However the species grows best in a [[hot semi-arid climate]], so plants are subject to [[root rot]] if overwatered. Older plants are generally the most susceptible. For this reason young, shorter trees are superior houseplants as they are more adaptable to environmental changes. The species has some cold tolerance, rated as [[hardiness zone]] 9b, but it is nowhere near as hardy as other yucca from more northern deserts. ''Yucca gigantea'' can be affected by a number of pests including [[Scale insect|scale]], [[Yucca moth|yucca moth borers]], and [[Scyphophorus yuccae|yucca weevil]]s.<ref name="UC-IPM">{{cite web|title=Yucca weevil—Scyphophorus yuccae|url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/GARDEN/PLANTS/INVERT/yuccaweevil.html|publisher=Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California|access-date=14 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Ryczkowski">{{cite news|last1=Ryczkowski|first1=Angela|title=Insects & Pests of the Yucca|url=http://homeguides.sfgate.com/insects-pests-yucca-41579.html|access-date=14 July 2016|publisher=San Francisco Gate}}</ref> [[Leaf spot]] may affect the appearance of the leaves, but it does not affect the health of the plant. Propagation is by [[Basal shoot|suckers]], [[Cutting (plant)|cuttings]] or [[seed]].<ref name=USDA/>
+The species can be grown in a variety of soils and is drought-tolerant. Young plants are occasionally used as [[houseplants]]. However the species grows best in a [[hot semi-arid climate]], so plants are subject to [[root rot]] if overwatered. Older plants are generally the most susceptible. For this reason young, shorter trees are superior houseplants as they are more adaptable to environmental changes. The species has some cold tolerance, rated as [[hardiness zone]] 9b, but it is nowhere near as hardy as other yucca from more northern deserts. ''Yucca gigantea'' can be affected by a number of pests including [[Scale insect|scale]], [[Prodoxidae|yucca moth borers]], and [[Scyphophorus yuccae|yucca weevil]]s.<ref name="UC-IPM">{{cite web|title=Yucca weevil—Scyphophorus yuccae|url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/GARDEN/PLANTS/INVERT/yuccaweevil.html|publisher=Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California|access-date=14 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Ryczkowski">{{cite news|last1=Ryczkowski|first1=Angela|title=Insects & Pests of the Yucca|url=http://homeguides.sfgate.com/insects-pests-yucca-41579.html|access-date=14 July 2016|publisher=San Francisco Gate}}</ref> [[Leaf spot]] may affect the appearance of the leaves, but it does not affect the health of the plant. Propagation is by [[Basal shoot|suckers]], [[Cutting (plant)|cuttings]] or [[seed]].<ref name=USDA/>
-Under the synonym ''Yucca elephantipes'' this species has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]’s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url = Yucca elephantipes | title = ''Yucca elephantipes'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 11 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 108 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 11 March 2019}}</ref>
+Under the synonym ''Yucca elephantipes'' this species has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name="RHSPF">{{cite web |title=''Yucca elephantipes'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/68706/yucca-elephantipes/details |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=The Royal Horticultural Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 108 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 11 March 2019}}</ref>
 == Uses ==
-This section describes the gastronomic use of the flower in Latin America, but it is important to note the the specific examples are not unique to that region. There are hundreds of ways the flower is used in cooking due to the hundreds of indigenous tribes spanning from North to South America that ate Yucca flowers.
+This section describes the gastronomic use of the flower in Latin America, but it is important to note that the specific examples are not unique to that region. There are hundreds of ways the flower is used in cooking due to the hundreds of indigenous tribes spanning from North to South America that ate Yucca flowers.
 The flower petals are commonly eaten in [[Central America]], but its reproductive organs (the [[anthers]] and [[ovaries]]) are first removed because of their bitterness.<ref name="pieroni">{{cite book |editor1-last=Prance |editor1-first=Ghillean |editor2-last=Nesbitt |editor2-first=Mark |last1=Pieroni |first1=Andrea |author-link=Andrea Pieroni |date=2005 |title=The Cultural History of Plants |publisher=Routledge |page=33 |isbn=0415927463}}</ref> The petals are blanched for 5 minutes, and then cooked ''a la mexicana'' (with tomato, onion, chile) or in ''tortitas con salsa'' (egg-battered patties with green or red sauce). In [[Guatemala]], they are boiled and eaten with lemon juice.<ref name="pieroni"/>
@@ Line 61: / Line 63: @@
 {{Reflist|refs=
-<ref name=Trel02>{{Cite journal |last=Trelease |first=William |year=1902| title=The Yucceae |journal=Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=13 |pages=27–129 |doi=10.2307/2400121 |jstor=2400121 }} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/672424 p. 94]</ref>
+<ref name=Trel02>{{Cite journal |last=Trelease |first=William |year=1902| title=The Yucceae |journal= Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report|volume=13 |pages=27–129 |doi=10.2307/2400121 |jstor=2400121 }} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/672424 p. 94]</ref>
 <ref name=Regel1859>{{Cite journal |last=von Regel |first=Eduard August |year=1859 |title=Aufzählung der Yucca-arten des Kaiserlichen Botanischen Gartens in St. Petersburg nebst Beiträgen zu deren Cultur |journal=Gartenflora |volume=8 |pages=34–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9k6AAAAcAAJ&q=elephantipes |access-date=2012-02-26 }} p. 35: "Wegen des am Grunde verdickten Stammes in den Gärten auch als Y. elephantipes gehend." (Going also in gardens as Y. elephantipes because of the thickened base of the stem).</ref>
@@ Line 77: / Line 79: @@
 [[Category:Plants described in 1859]]
 [[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
+[[Category:Flora of the Yucatán Peninsula]]