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{{Short description|Neighborhood in Washington, D.C.}}
{{about||the Washington Metro station|Cleveland Park station|the [[Wolfstone]] song|Unleashed (Wolfstone album)}}
{{About||the Washington Metro station|Cleveland Park station|the stadium in Middlesbrough|Cleveland Park Stadium|the [[Wolfstone]] song|Unleashed (Wolfstone album)}}

{{Infobox NRHP
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Cleveland Park Historic District
| name = Cleveland Park Historic District
Line 14: Line 14:
| added = April 27, 1987
| added = April 27, 1987
| governing_body =
| governing_body =
| refnum = 87000628 <ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| refnum = 87000628<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| district_map = DC Neighborhoods - Cleveland Park.svg
| district_map = DC Neighborhoods - Cleveland Park.svg
| map_caption = Map of Washington, D.C., with Cleveland Park highlighted in maroon.
| map_caption = Map of Washington, D.C., with Cleveland Park highlighted in maroon.
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'''Cleveland Park''' is a residential [[neighborhood]] in the [[Washington, D.C. (northwest)|Northwest]] quadrant of [[Washington, D.C.]]
'''Cleveland Park''' is a residential [[neighborhood]] in the [[Washington, D.C. (northwest)|Northwest]] quadrant of [[Washington, D.C.]]
It is located at {{Coord|38|56|11|N|77|3|58|W|}} and bounded approximately by [[Rock Creek Park]] to the east, [[Wisconsin Avenue|Wisconsin]] and Idaho Avenues to the west, [[Klingle Road|Klingle]] and Woodley Roads to the south, and Rodman and Tilden Streets to the north.<ref>map {{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandparkisus.org/maplinks.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128133151/http://clevelandparkisus.org/maplinks.htm |archivedate=2009-11-28 }}</ref><ref>map {{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandparkdc.org/histdist.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428000850/http://clevelandparkdc.org/histdist.htm |archivedate=2009-04-28 }}</ref> Its main commercial corridor lies along [[Connecticut Avenue]] NW, where the eponymous [[Cleveland Park (Washington Metro)|Cleveland Park station]] of the [[Washington Metro]]'s [[Red Line (Washington Metro)|Red Line]] can be found; another commercial corridor lies along [[Wisconsin Avenue]]. The neighborhood is known for its many late 19th century homes and the historic [[Art Deco]] [[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]]. It is also home to the [[William L. Slayton House]] and the Park and Shop, built in 1930 and one of the earliest [[strip mall]]s.<ref>Willman, John B., "Washington's Original Shopping Center Sold", ''The Washington Post & Times-Herald'', Wednesday 30 January 1963, Volume 86, Number 56, page B-7.</ref>
It is located at {{Coord|38|56|11|N|77|3|58|W|}} and bounded approximately by [[Rock Creek Park]] to the east, [[Wisconsin Avenue|Wisconsin]] and Idaho Avenues to the west, [[Klingle Road|Klingle]] and Woodley Roads to the south, and Rodman and Tilden Streets to the north.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.cpcadc.org/boundaries/ | title=Boundaries | publisher=Cleveland Park Citizens Association}}</ref> Its main commercial corridor lies along [[Connecticut Avenue]] NW, where the eponymous [[Cleveland Park (Washington Metro)|Cleveland Park station]] of the [[Washington Metro]]'s [[Red Line (Washington Metro)|Red Line]] can be found; another commercial corridor lies along [[Wisconsin Avenue]]. The neighborhood is known for its many late 19th century homes and the historic [[Art Deco]] [[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]]. It is also home to the [[William L. Slayton House]] and the Park and Shop, built in 1930 and one of the earliest [[strip mall]]s.<ref>Willman, John B., "Washington's Original Shopping Center Sold", ''The Washington Post and Times-Herald'', Wednesday 30 January 1963, Volume 86, Number 56, page B-7.</ref>

It is named after [[Grover Cleveland]], who owned property in the area.<ref name=whyisitnamed>{{Cite web | url=https://ghostsofdc.org/2015/03/03/why-is-it-named-cleveland-park/ | title=Why Is It Named Cleveland Park? | work=Ghosts of DC | date=March 3, 2015}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The first American settler was General [[Uriah Forrest]], an aide-de-camp of [[George Washington]] who built an estate called [[Rosedale (Washington, D.C.)|Rosedale]] (now at 3501 Newark Street) in 1793, when he began serving as a [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] from [[Maryland]]. Later, it housed [[Youth For Understanding]], an international student exchange organization. In 2002, the Rosedale grounds were placed in a public conservancy,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rosedaleconservancy.org/rosedales-history/ | title = Rosedale’s History | accessdate = 2013-06-01 | author = The Rosedale Conservancy | year = 2013}}</ref> and the farmhouse, said to be the oldest house in Washington, returned to residential use. Other estates followed. [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard]], first president of the [[National Geographic Society]], built the colonial [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] revival Twin Oaks on 50 acres (200,000&nbsp;m²) in 1888. It was used as a summer home by the Hubbard family, including [[Alexander Graham Bell]] and is today home of the diplomatic mission of the [[Republic of China]] on Taiwan. Tregaron, present-day home of the [[Washington International School]], is a Georgian house built in 1912.
The first known settler was General [[Uriah Forrest]], an aide-de-camp of [[George Washington]] who built an estate called [[Rosedale (Washington, D.C.)|Rosedale]] (now at 3501 Newark Street) in 1793, when he began serving as a [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] from [[Maryland]]. Later, it housed [[Youth For Understanding]], an international student exchange organization. In 2002, the Rosedale grounds were placed in a public conservancy,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rosedaleconservancy.org/rosedales-history/ | title=Rosedale's History | publisher=The Rosedale Conservancy}}</ref> and the farmhouse, said to be the oldest house in Washington, returned to residential use. Other estates followed. [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard]], first president of the [[National Geographic Society]], built the colonial [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] revival Twin Oaks on 50 acres (200,000&nbsp;m²) in 1888. It was used as a summer home by the Hubbard family, including [[Alexander Graham Bell]], and is today home of the diplomatic mission of the [[Republic of China]] on Taiwan. Tregaron, present-day home of the [[Washington International School]], is a Georgian house built in 1912.


The neighborhood acquired its name after 1886, when [[President of the United States|President]] [[Grover Cleveland]] purchased a stone farmhouse directly opposite Rosedale and remodeled it into a [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne style]] summer estate called Oak View or Oak Hill (by other accounts, Red Top). When Cleveland lost his [[1888 United States presidential election|bid for re-election in 1888]], the property was sold, and the Oak View subdivision was platted in 1890.<ref name="Williams">Kimberly Prothro Williams, ''Cleveland Park Historic District'' brochure, D.C. Preservation League, 2001.</ref>{{rp|2}} The Cleveland Heights subdivision was platted around the same time,<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|2}} and the Cleveland Park subdivision soon thereafter.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|4}}<ref>Map of the District of Columbia, Showing public reservations and possessions, etc., [[McMillan Commission]] Map D-289, 1901.</ref>
The neighborhood acquired its name after 1886, when [[President of the United States|President]] [[Grover Cleveland]] purchased a stone farmhouse opposite Rosedale and remodeled it into a [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne style]] summer estate called Oak View or Oak Hill (by other accounts, Red Top). When Cleveland lost his [[1888 United States presidential election|bid for re-election in 1888]], the property was sold. The Oak View subdivision was platted in 1890.<ref name="Williams">{{cite web | url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Cleveland_Park_Brochure.pdf | first=Kimberly Prothro | last=Williams | title=Cleveland Park Historic District brochure | publisher=D.C. Preservation League | year=2001}}</ref>{{rp|2}} The Cleveland Heights subdivision was platted around the same time,<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|2}} and the Cleveland Park subdivision soon thereafter.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|4}}<ref>Map of the District of Columbia, Showing public reservations and possessions, etc., [[McMillan Commission]] Map D-289, 1901.</ref> Red Top in the meantime was inhabited by Washington architect Robert I. Fleming and later by his widow, and eventually demolished in 1927 to be replaced on the same site by the neo-Georgian mansion that still stands at 3536 Newark Street NW.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AI3AQAAIAAJ | title=Capital Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings | first=James M. | last=Goode |page=126 | publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |date=2003| isbn=9780874744804 }}</ref>


<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Uptown theater DC.jpg|left|thumb|Historic [[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Movie Theater]]]] -->
Early large-scale development was spurred by the neighborhood's upland topography, which provided a breezy relief from the hot, fetid air in the lowlands that were then the built-up area of Washington, D.C. Most of the houses built during this period show their intended use as summer houses in the era before [[air conditioning]], having such architectural features as wide porches, large windows, and long, overhanging eaves.<ref name="Williams" />
Early large-scale development was spurred by the neighborhood's upland topography, which provided a breezy relief from the hot, fetid air in the lowlands that were then the built-up area of Washington, D.C. Most of the houses built during this period show their intended use as summer houses in the era before [[air conditioning]], having such architectural features as wide porches, large windows, and long, overhanging eaves.<ref name="Williams" />


While the first subdivisions were made in response to the extension of the Georgetown and Tennallytown [[Washington streetcars|electric streetcar]] line along Wisconsin Avenue, the success of the neighborhood was the result of the [[Rock Creek Railway]], built on Connecticut Avenue in 1892.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|2}} Once Cleveland Park was connected to downtown Washington, the neighborhood's second phase of development, as a "[[streetcar suburb]]", began. The Cleveland Park Company oversaw construction on numerous plots starting in 1894.<ref name="Williams" /> Most houses were designed by individual architects and builders, including [[Waddy B. Wood]], resulting in an eclectic mix of the popular architectural styles of the time, notably the [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne style]] (including the [[Shingle style]]), [[Georgian Revival]], and the [[Mission Revival]].<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|7}} In later years, simpler schools of design such as the [[Prairie style]] and [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]] came to dominate.
While the first subdivisions were made in response to the extension of the Georgetown and Tennallytown [[Washington streetcars|electric streetcar]] line along Wisconsin Avenue, the success of the neighborhood was the result of the [[Rock Creek Railway]], built on Connecticut Avenue in 1892.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|2}} Once Cleveland Park was connected to downtown Washington, the neighborhood's second phase of development, as a "[[streetcar suburb]]", began. The Cleveland Park Company oversaw construction on numerous plots starting in 1894.<ref name="Williams" /> Most houses were designed by individual architects and builders, including [[Waddy B. Wood]] and [[Paul J. Pelz]], resulting in an eclectic mix of the popular architectural styles of the time, notably the [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne style]] (including the [[Shingle style]]), [[Georgian Revival]], and the [[Mission Revival]].<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|7}} In later years, simpler schools of design such as the [[Prairie style]] and [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]] came to dominate.


[[image:YenchingPalace.jpg|right|thumb|Yenching Palace (now a [[Walgreens]]), historic restaurant where American and Soviet negotiators met in 1962 to find a resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis.]]
[[Image:YenchingPalace.jpg|right|thumb|Yenching Palace, a historic [[Chinese restaurant]] where American and Soviet negotiators met in 1962 to seek a resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The space was occupied by a [[Walgreens]] after the restaurant closed. It was vacant as of 2021.]]
Development proceeded in fits and starts, punctuated by such events as the [[bankruptcy]] of the Cleveland Park Company in 1905<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|9}} and the [[Great Depression]] in the 1930s. As a result, houses of very different sizes, natures, and styles can often be seen next to one another. In the later 20th century, [[Winthrop Faulkner]] and [[I. M. Pei]] designed houses in the neighborhood as well.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|11–12}}
Development proceeded in fits and starts, punctuated by such events as the [[bankruptcy]] of the Cleveland Park Company in 1905<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|9}} and the [[Great Depression]] in the 1930s. As a result, houses of very different sizes, natures, and styles can often be seen next to one another. In the later 20th century, [[Winthrop Faulkner]] and [[I. M. Pei]] designed houses in the neighborhood as well.<ref name="Williams" />{{rp|11–12}}

The '''Park and Shop''' (1930) was one of the first two [[strip mall]]s or [[neighborhood shopping center]]s in the U.S. It was anchored by [[Piggly Wiggly]] and built in an L shape with dedicated parking space for shoppers in the front, a novelty at the time. The center still exists, anchored by a [[Target Stores|Target]] store.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boundarystones.weta.org/2017/07/17/they-paved-paradise-and-put-park-and-shop |first1=Jacob |last1=Kaplan |title=They Paved Paradise and Put Up a Park and Shop |website=Boundary Stones |publisher=[[WETA-TV|WETA]] | access-date=June 27, 2020 |date=July 17, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam’s Park & Shop in Cleveland Park sold |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2020/12/17/sam-s-park-shop-in-cleveland-park-sold.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Washington Business Journal |date=Dec 17, 2020 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Cooper }}</ref>


==Civic Groups==
==Civic Groups==
The '''Cleveland Park Citizens Association (CPCA)''' was established in 1911 by residents of the Cleveland Park area. The Association was incorporated in 1964 as the "Connecticut Avenue Citizens Association." The name was changed in 1966 to the current name, Cleveland Park Citizens Association. Over the years, it has raised money for the construction of the local library branch, the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library|url=http://dcpl.dc.gov/dcpl/cwp/view.asp?q=563888|publisher=District of Columbia Public Library|accessdate=2007-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202042030/http://dcpl.dc.gov/dcpl/cwp/view.asp?q=563888<!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=2008-02-02}}</ref> It is a member of the [[Federation of Citizens Associations of the District of Columbia]].
The '''Cleveland Park Citizens Association (CPCA)''' was established in 1911 by residents of the Cleveland Park area. The Association was incorporated in 1964 as the "Connecticut Avenue Citizens Association." The name was changed in 1966 to the current name, Cleveland Park Citizens Association. Over the years, it has raised money for the construction of the local library branch, the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library.<ref name=library>{{cite web | title=Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library | date=14 September 2010 | url=https://www.dclibrary.org/clevelandpark | publisher=[[District of Columbia Public Library]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227144158/https://www.dclibrary.org/clevelandpark |archive-date= Dec 27, 2022 }}</ref> It is a member of the [[Federation of Citizens Associations of the District of Columbia]].


The '''Cleveland Park Historical Society''', founded 1985, strives to document and preserve the history and architecture of the neighborhood, and especially the historic district, which was designated in 1987. The Society sponsors an annual house tour in the neighborhood.
The '''Cleveland Park Historical Society''', founded 1985, strives to document and preserve the history and architecture of the neighborhood, and especially the historic district, which was designated in 1987. The Society sponsors an annual house tour in the neighborhood.


'''The Cleveland Park Club''' was founded in 1922 to "promote social intercourse, recreation and sports, literature and the arts, and for mutual improvement" of the neighborhood in the days before television and widespread broadcasting and movies. The next year, the Club purchased a 1900 house to use as its base. Events included such entertainment as plays, songfests, and dances. With the construction of a swimming pool, the Club became more centered on recreational swimming, although other activities, including annual potluck suppers on [[Memorial Day]] and [[Labor Day]], a day camp, and other occasional social and educational events continue.<ref>Cleveland Park Club, "[http://www.clevelandparkclub.org/About-the-Club About the Club]".</ref>
'''The Cleveland Park Club''' was founded in 1922 to "promote social intercourse, recreation and sports, literature and the arts, and for mutual improvement" of the neighborhood in the days before television and widespread broadcasting and movies. The next year, the Club purchased a 1900 house to use as its base. Events included such entertainment as plays, songfests, and dances. With the construction of a swimming pool, the Club became more centered on recreational swimming, although other activities, including annual potluck suppers on [[Memorial Day]] and [[Labor Day]], a day camp, and other occasional social and educational events continue.<ref>{{cite web | title=Cleveland Park Club | url=https://clevelandparkclub.org/}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
[[District of Columbia Public Schools]] operates public schools. Zoned schools include:
[[District of Columbia Public Schools]] operates several public schools that serve children residing in Cleveland Park. Some of the zoned schools reside in nearby neighborhoods. Zoned schools include:
* Elementary schools: Phoebe Hearst Elementary and [[John Eaton Elementary School|John Eaton Elementary]]<ref>"[https://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20Elementary%20%20K-8%20Schools.pdf Elementary Schools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212035509/http://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20Elementary%20%20K-8%20Schools.pdf |date=2017-02-12 }}" (2016-2017 School Year). [[District of Columbia Public Schools]]. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.</ref>
* Elementary schools: Phoebe Hearst Elementary and [[John Eaton Elementary School]]<ref name=schools>{{cite web | url=https://enrolldcps.dc.gov/node/41 | title=Find Your In-Boundary School | publisher=[[District of Columbia Public Schools]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://dcps.dc.gov/publication/elementary-school-boundary-map | title=Elementary School Boundary Map | publisher=[[District of Columbia Public Schools]]}}</ref>
* Alice Deal Middle School and Hardy Middle School<ref>"[https://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20Middle%20Schools.pdf Middle School Boundary Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211062934/http://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20Middle%20Schools.pdf |date=2017-02-11 }}" (2016-2017 School Year). [[District of Columbia Public Schools]]. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.</ref>
* Alice Deal Middle School and Hardy Middle School<ref name=schools/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://dcps.dc.gov/publication/middle-school-boundary-map | title=Middle School Boundary Map | publisher=[[District of Columbia Public Schools]]}}</ref>
* [[Jackson-Reed High School]]<ref name=schools/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://dcps.dc.gov/publication/high-school-boundary-map | title=High School Boundary Map | publisher=[[District of Columbia Public Schools]]}}</ref>
* [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Washington, D.C.)|Woodrow Wilson High School]]<ref>"[https://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20High%20Schools.pdf High School Boundary Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131001432/https://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zones%20for%20Neighborhood%20High%20Schools.pdf |date=2017-01-31 }}" (2016-2017 School Year). [[District of Columbia Public Schools]]. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.</ref>

⚫
The [[Washington International School]] operates an upper-school campus (located on the [[Tregaron Estate]]) in the neighborhood, located off of Macomb Street between Connecticut Avenue and 34th Street. The National Child Research Center operates a nursery school in the neighborhood;<ref>{{cite web | publisher=National Child Research Center | url=https://www.ncrcpreschool.org/ | title=National Child Research Center}}</ref> [[National Cathedral School]], [[St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)|St. Albans School]], [[Beauvoir School]], and [[Sidwell Friends School]] are located at the edge of the customary boundary of Cleveland Park.


⚫
The [[District of Columbia Public Library]] system operates the [[Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library]], which was completely rebuilt between 2016 and 2018. The library building reopened June 16, 2018.<ref name=library/>
⚫
The [[Washington International School]] operates an upper-school campus (located on the [[Tregaron Estate]]) in the neighborhood, located off of Macomb Street between Connecticut Avenue and 34th Street. The National Child Research Center operates a nursery school in the neighborhood;<ref>National Child Research Center, [http://www.ncrcpreschool.org/ Welcome to National Child Research Center Preschool]; accessed 2012.09.02.</ref> [[National Cathedral School]], [[St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)|St. Albans School]], [[Beauvoir School]], and [[Sidwell Friends School]] are located at the edge of the customary boundary of Cleveland Park.


==Gallery==
⚫
The [[District of Columbia Public Library]] system operates the [[Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library]], which was completely rebuilt between 2016 and 2018. The new library building reopened June 16, 2018.<ref>"[http://www.dclibrary.org/hours-locations Hours & Locations]." [[District of Columbia Public Library]]. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.</ref><gallery>
<gallery>
File:Cleveland Park (2541088030).jpg|alt=Streetscape with cars and tall apartment buildings|Connecticut Avenue viewing north in Cleveland Park
File:Cleveland Park Entrance.JPG|alt=Cleveland Park Metro Sign and Entryway|Cleveland Park Metro Entrance
File:Cleveland Park (2541088030).jpg|alt=Streetscape with cars and tall apartment buildings|[[Connecticut Avenue]] viewed towards the north in Cleveland Park.
File:Cleveland Park Entrance.JPG|alt=Cleveland Park Metro Sign and Entryway|[[Cleveland Park station|Cleveland Park Metro Station]] Entrance.
File:Uptown theater washington dc 15084a.tif|alt=Historic theater with limestone and brick |Uptown Theater, Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC
File:Uptown theater washington dc 15084a.tif|alt=Historic theater with limestone and brick|[[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]] on Connecticut Avenue.
File:Sedgwick-gardens.jpg|alt=Historic black and white photo of Art Deco apartment building|Historic photo of Sedgwick Gardens apartments, Cleveland Park
File:Sedgwick-gardens.jpg|alt=Historic black and white photo of Art Deco apartment building|Historic photo of [[Sedgwick Gardens]] apartments.
File:Cleveland Park - Newark St NW looking towards 35th St NW (September 2020).jpg|Newark St NW looking towards 35th St NW (September 2020).
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
* [[Robert A. Altman]], chairman of [[ZeniMax Media]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Walsh |first=Sharon | title=Cloud Over a Rising Star |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/02/cloud-over-a-rising-star/81270fc1-0eda-4c1c-a63d-8f08922a1f7f/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 2, 1991}}</ref>
* [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]], [[columnist]] for ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name=brooksbuys>{{cite news |last=Trotter |first=J.K. |title=Would-Be Divorcé David Brooks Bought a $1.9 Million Home With His Wife |url=http://gawker.com/would-be-divorce-david-brooks-bought-a-1-9-million-hom-1655054510 |work=[[Gawker]] |date=November 6, 2014 |accessdate=February 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219010830/http://gawker.com/would-be-divorce-david-brooks-bought-a-1-9-million-hom-1655054510 |archivedate=February 19, 2015 }}</ref>
* [[Al Hunt]], [[columnist]] for Bloomberg View, and [[Judy Woodruff]], television [[news anchor]] and [[journalist]]<ref name=brookssells>>{{cite news|last=Andrews|first=Helena|title=New York Times columnist David Brooks sells his $4.5 million home in less than 48 hours|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/wp/2014/09/16/new-york-times-columnist-david-brooks-sells-his-4-5-million-home-in-less-than-48-hours/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 16, 2014|accessdate=February 16, 2015}}</ref>
* [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]], [[columnist]] for ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Trotter | first=J.K. | title=Would-Be Divorcé David Brooks Bought a $1.9 Million Home With His Wife | url=https://gawker.com/would-be-divorce-david-brooks-bought-a-1-9-million-hom-1655054510 | work=[[Gawker]] |date=November 6, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Warren Clark Jr.]] (1936–2018), ambassador from the United States to [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] and [[Gabon]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRoberts |first1=Katie | title=Remembering Ambassador Warren Clark | url=https://cmep.org/2018/08/02/warrenclark/ |website=Churches for Middle East Peace }}</ref>
* [[Grover Cleveland]] (1837–1908), 22nd and 24th [[president of the United States]]<ref name=whyisitnamed/>
* [[Joe Englert]] (1961–2020), [[restaurateur]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/cheers-to-the-washington-bar-czar/2015/12/18/5d84c3e4-9882-11e5-94f0-9eeaff906ef3_story.html | title=D.C.'s bar czar on what makes him still want to raise a glass | first=Joe | last=Heim | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=December 22, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Al Hunt]], [[columnist]] for Bloomberg View, and [[Judy Woodruff]], television [[news anchor]] and [[journalist]]<ref name=brookssells>{{cite news | last=Andrews | first=Helena | title=New York Times columnist David Brooks sells his $4.5 million home in less than 48 hours | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/wp/2014/09/16/new-york-times-columnist-david-brooks-sells-his-4-5-million-home-in-less-than-48-hours/ | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jim Lehrer]], journalist and novelist<ref name=brookssells/>
* [[Jim Lehrer]], journalist and novelist<ref name=brookssells/>
* [[Ana Montes]], [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] employee who spied for Cuba<ref>Popkin, Jim. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/feature/wp/2013/04/18/ana-montes-did-much-harm-spying-for-cuba-chances-are-you-havent-heard-of-her/ Ana Montes did much harm spying for Cuba. Chances are, you haven’t heard of her.]" ''The Washington Post''. April 18, 2013. Retrieved on February 3, 2014.</ref>
* [[Ana Montes]], [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] employee who spied for Cuba<ref>{{Cite news | last=Popkin | first=Jim | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/feature/wp/2013/04/18/ana-montes-did-much-harm-spying-for-cuba-chances-are-you-havent-heard-of-her/ | title=Ana Montes did much harm spying for Cuba. Chances are, you haven't heard of her | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 18, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Marjorie Townsend]] (1930–2015), NASA engineer<ref>{{cite news |last=McDonough |first=Megan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/marjorie-townsend-who-managed-a-us-spacecraft-launch-dies-at-85/2015/05/07/12adb12c-f29d-11e4-bcc4-e8141e5eb0c9_story.html |title=Marjorie Townsend, who managed a U.S. spacecraft launch, dies at 85 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Marjorie Townsend]] (1930-2015), NASA engineer
* [[David Ignatius]], journalist and author
* [[David Ignatius]], journalist and author
* [[Julian Steward]], anthropologist.


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Cleveland Park, Washington, D.C.}}
{{Commons category|Cleveland Park, Washington, D.C.}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040928172527/http://clevelandparkisus.org/ Cleveland Park Citizens Association]
* [https://www.cpcadc.org/ Cleveland Park Citizens Association]
* [http://www.clevelandparkdc.org/ Cleveland Park Historical Society]
* [https://www.clevelandparkhistoricalsociety.org/ Cleveland Park Historical Society]
* [http://www.clevelandparkclub.org Cleveland Park Club]
* [https://clevelandparkclub.org/ Cleveland Park Club]
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* [https://cpcchurch.org/ Cleveland Park Congregational United Church of Christ]
* [http://ghostsofdc.org/2015/03/03/why-is-it-named-cleveland-park/ Why Is It Named Cleveland Park?]
* [[National Register of Historic Places]]: [https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc4.htm Cleveland Park Historic District]
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* [http://www.cpcchurch.org Cleveland Park Congregational United Church of Christ]
* [[National Register of Historic Places]]: [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc4.htm Cleveland Park Historic District]
* [http://www.cleveland-park.com/ Cleveland Park Email List]
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* ''The Washington Post'''s Neighborhood Profile: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325135039/http://www.washingtonpost.com/real-estate/neighborhoods/Cleveland+Park%2C+DC-neighborhood-details.html Cleveland Park Profile]
* [http://www.cleveland-park.com Cleveland Park Email List]
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* ''The Washington Post'''s Neighborhood Profile: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/real-estate/neighborhoods/Cleveland+Park%2C+DC-neighborhood-details.html Cleveland Park Profile]


{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
Line 87: Line 98:
|South =[[Woodley Park, Washington, D.C.|Woodley Park]]
|South =[[Woodley Park, Washington, D.C.|Woodley Park]]
|Southwest =[[Massachusetts Heights, Washington, D.C.|Massachusetts Heights]]
|Southwest =[[Massachusetts Heights, Washington, D.C.|Massachusetts Heights]]
|West =[[McLean Gardens, Washington, D.C.|McLean Gardens]]<br>[[Cathedral Heights, Washington, D.C.|Cathedral Heights]]
|West =[[McLean Gardens, Washington, D.C.|McLean Gardens]]<br />[[Cathedral Heights, Washington, D.C.|Cathedral Heights]]
|Northwest =[[Tenleytown, Washington, D.C.|Tenleytown]]
|Northwest =[[Tenleytown, Washington, D.C.|Tenleytown]]
}}
}}
{{Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.}}
{{Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.}}
{{Grover Cleveland}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cleveland Park| ]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Northwest (Washington, D.C.)]]
[[Category:American Craftsman architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:American Craftsman architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Bungalow architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Bungalow architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Italianate architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Italianate architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Queen Anne architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Queen Anne architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Northwest (Washington, D.C.)]]

Latest revision as of 12:47, 4 October 2024

For the Washington Metro station, see Cleveland Park station. For the stadium in Middlesbrough, see Cleveland Park Stadium. For the Wolfstone song, see Unleashed (Wolfstone album).
Cleveland Park Historic District
The Broadmoor Apartments on Connecticut Avenue, designed by Joseph Abel in 1928, represent the eclecticism of that period
Map of Washington, D.C., with Cleveland Park highlighted in maroon.
LocationRoughly bounded by Tilden Street, Connecticut Avenue, Klingle Road, and Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, DC
Built1886
ArchitectFrancis R. Allen; Et al.
Architectural styleBungalow/craftsman, Italianate, Queen Anne
NRHP reference No.87000628[1]
Added to NRHPApril 27, 1987

Cleveland Park is a residential neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. It is located at 38°56′11″N 77°3′58″W / 38.93639°N 77.06611°W / 38.93639; -77.06611 and bounded approximately by Rock Creek Park to the east, Wisconsin and Idaho Avenues to the west, Klingle and Woodley Roads to the south, and Rodman and Tilden Streets to the north.[2] Its main commercial corridor lies along Connecticut Avenue NW, where the eponymous Cleveland Park station of the Washington Metro's Red Line can be found; another commercial corridor lies along Wisconsin Avenue. The neighborhood is known for its many late 19th century homes and the historic Art Deco Uptown Theater. It is also home to the William L. Slayton House and the Park and Shop, built in 1930 and one of the earliest strip malls.[3]

It is named after Grover Cleveland, who owned property in the area.[4]

History

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The first known settler was General Uriah Forrest, an aide-de-camp of George Washington who built an estate called Rosedale (now at 3501 Newark Street) in 1793, when he began serving as a Congressman from Maryland. Later, it housed Youth For Understanding, an international student exchange organization. In 2002, the Rosedale grounds were placed in a public conservancy,[5] and the farmhouse, said to be the oldest house in Washington, returned to residential use. Other estates followed. Gardiner Greene Hubbard, first president of the National Geographic Society, built the colonial Georgian revival Twin Oaks on 50 acres (200,000 m²) in 1888. It was used as a summer home by the Hubbard family, including Alexander Graham Bell, and is today home of the diplomatic mission of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Tregaron, present-day home of the Washington International School, is a Georgian house built in 1912.

The neighborhood acquired its name after 1886, when President Grover Cleveland purchased a stone farmhouse opposite Rosedale and remodeled it into a Queen Anne style summer estate called Oak View or Oak Hill (by other accounts, Red Top). When Cleveland lost his bid for re-election in 1888, the property was sold. The Oak View subdivision was platted in 1890.[6]: 2  The Cleveland Heights subdivision was platted around the same time,[6]: 2  and the Cleveland Park subdivision soon thereafter.[6]: 4 [7] Red Top in the meantime was inhabited by Washington architect Robert I. Fleming and later by his widow, and eventually demolished in 1927 to be replaced on the same site by the neo-Georgian mansion that still stands at 3536 Newark Street NW.[8]

Early large-scale development was spurred by the neighborhood's upland topography, which provided a breezy relief from the hot, fetid air in the lowlands that were then the built-up area of Washington, D.C. Most of the houses built during this period show their intended use as summer houses in the era before air conditioning, having such architectural features as wide porches, large windows, and long, overhanging eaves.[6]

While the first subdivisions were made in response to the extension of the Georgetown and Tennallytown electric streetcar line along Wisconsin Avenue, the success of the neighborhood was the result of the Rock Creek Railway, built on Connecticut Avenue in 1892.[6]: 2  Once Cleveland Park was connected to downtown Washington, the neighborhood's second phase of development, as a "streetcar suburb", began. The Cleveland Park Company oversaw construction on numerous plots starting in 1894.[6] Most houses were designed by individual architects and builders, including Waddy B. Wood and Paul J. Pelz, resulting in an eclectic mix of the popular architectural styles of the time, notably the Queen Anne style (including the Shingle style), Georgian Revival, and the Mission Revival.[6]: 7  In later years, simpler schools of design such as the Prairie style and Tudor Revival came to dominate.

Yenching Palace, a historic Chinese restaurant where American and Soviet negotiators met in 1962 to seek a resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The space was occupied by a Walgreens after the restaurant closed. It was vacant as of 2021.

Development proceeded in fits and starts, punctuated by such events as the bankruptcy of the Cleveland Park Company in 1905[6]: 9  and the Great Depression in the 1930s. As a result, houses of very different sizes, natures, and styles can often be seen next to one another. In the later 20th century, Winthrop Faulkner and I. M. Pei designed houses in the neighborhood as well.[6]: 11–12 

The Park and Shop (1930) was one of the first two strip malls or neighborhood shopping centers in the U.S. It was anchored by Piggly Wiggly and built in an L shape with dedicated parking space for shoppers in the front, a novelty at the time. The center still exists, anchored by a Target store.[9][10]

Civic Groups

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The Cleveland Park Citizens Association (CPCA) was established in 1911 by residents of the Cleveland Park area. The Association was incorporated in 1964 as the "Connecticut Avenue Citizens Association." The name was changed in 1966 to the current name, Cleveland Park Citizens Association. Over the years, it has raised money for the construction of the local library branch, the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library.[11] It is a member of the Federation of Citizens Associations of the District of Columbia.

The Cleveland Park Historical Society, founded 1985, strives to document and preserve the history and architecture of the neighborhood, and especially the historic district, which was designated in 1987. The Society sponsors an annual house tour in the neighborhood.

The Cleveland Park Club was founded in 1922 to "promote social intercourse, recreation and sports, literature and the arts, and for mutual improvement" of the neighborhood in the days before television and widespread broadcasting and movies. The next year, the Club purchased a 1900 house to use as its base. Events included such entertainment as plays, songfests, and dances. With the construction of a swimming pool, the Club became more centered on recreational swimming, although other activities, including annual potluck suppers on Memorial Day and Labor Day, a day camp, and other occasional social and educational events continue.[12]

Education

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District of Columbia Public Schools operates several public schools that serve children residing in Cleveland Park. Some of the zoned schools reside in nearby neighborhoods. Zoned schools include:

The Washington International School operates an upper-school campus (located on the Tregaron Estate) in the neighborhood, located off of Macomb Street between Connecticut Avenue and 34th Street. The National Child Research Center operates a nursery school in the neighborhood;[17] National Cathedral School, St. Albans School, Beauvoir School, and Sidwell Friends School are located at the edge of the customary boundary of Cleveland Park.

The District of Columbia Public Library system operates the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library, which was completely rebuilt between 2016 and 2018. The library building reopened June 16, 2018.[11]

[edit]

Notable residents

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ "Boundaries". Cleveland Park Citizens Association.
  3. ^ Willman, John B., "Washington's Original Shopping Center Sold", The Washington Post and Times-Herald, Wednesday 30 January 1963, Volume 86, Number 56, page B-7.
  4. ^ a b "Why Is It Named Cleveland Park?". Ghosts of DC. March 3, 2015.
  5. ^ "Rosedale's History". The Rosedale Conservancy.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Williams, Kimberly Prothro (2001). "Cleveland Park Historic District brochure" (PDF). D.C. Preservation League.
  7. ^ Map of the District of Columbia, Showing public reservations and possessions, etc., McMillan Commission Map D-289, 1901.
  8. ^ Goode, James M. (2003). Capital Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings. Smithsonian Institution. p. 126. ISBN 9780874744804.
  9. ^ Kaplan, Jacob (July 17, 2017). "They Paved Paradise and Put Up a Park and Shop". Boundary Stones. WETA. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  10. ^ Cooper, Rebecca (Dec 17, 2020). "Sam's Park & Shop in Cleveland Park sold". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  11. ^ a b "Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library". District of Columbia Public Library. 14 September 2010. Archived from the original on Dec 27, 2022.
  12. ^ "Cleveland Park Club".
  13. ^ a b c "Find Your In-Boundary School". District of Columbia Public Schools.
  14. ^ "Elementary School Boundary Map". District of Columbia Public Schools.
  15. ^ "Middle School Boundary Map". District of Columbia Public Schools.
  16. ^ "High School Boundary Map". District of Columbia Public Schools.
  17. ^ "National Child Research Center". National Child Research Center.
  18. ^ Walsh, Sharon (August 2, 1991). "Cloud Over a Rising Star". The Washington Post.
  19. ^ Trotter, J.K. (November 6, 2014). "Would-Be Divorcé David Brooks Bought a $1.9 Million Home With His Wife". Gawker.
  20. ^ McRoberts, Katie. "Remembering Ambassador Warren Clark". Churches for Middle East Peace.
  21. ^ Heim, Joe (December 22, 2015). "D.C.'s bar czar on what makes him still want to raise a glass". The Washington Post.
  22. ^ a b Andrews, Helena (September 16, 2014). "New York Times columnist David Brooks sells his $4.5 million home in less than 48 hours". The Washington Post.
  23. ^ Popkin, Jim (April 18, 2013). "Ana Montes did much harm spying for Cuba. Chances are, you haven't heard of her". The Washington Post.
  24. ^ McDonough, Megan (May 7, 2015). "Marjorie Townsend, who managed a U.S. spacecraft launch, dies at 85". The Washington Post.
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