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[[Image:Polska 1907 adm.png|thumb|250px|Administrative division of Congress Poland, 1907. bana and pinaples1893-1912, and is valid for the most part for 1867-1893 and 1912-1914.]]
[[File:Administrative divisions of Congress Poland in 1830 ENG.png|thumb|250px|Administrative division of Congress Poland in 1830. This map represents the period 1816-1837 and is mostly valid for the period of up to 1844.]]
[[Image:Congress Poland 1831.jpg|thumb|250px|Administrative division of Congress Poland, 1831. This map represents the period 1816-1844.]]
[[Image:Polska 1907 adm.png|thumb|250px|Administrative division of Congress Poland, 1907. This map represents the period 1893-1912, and is mostly valid for the most part for 1867-1914.]]
[[Image:Gubernie zachodnie krolestwo polskie 1902.jpg|thumb|250px|Western governorates of the Russian Empire, 1902 (including those of Congress Poland).]]
[[Image:Congress Poland 1831.jpg|thumb|250px|Historical map showing the administrative division of Congress Poland, 1831.]]
[[Image:Gubernie zachodnie krolestwo polskie 1902.jpg|thumb|250px|Historical map showing the Western governorates of the Russian Empire, 1902 (including those of Congress Poland).]]


The '''[[administrative division]] of [[Congress Poland]]''' changed several times. Immediately after its creation, 1815-1816, the Congress Kingdom of Poland was divided into [[Department (country subdivision)|departments]], [[Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw|a relic]] from the times of the French-dominated [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. In 1816 the administrative divisions were reformed into the more traditionally Polish [[voivodeship]]s, [[obwód]]s and [[powiat]]s. In 1837, in the aftermath of the [[November Uprising]] earlier that decade, the administrative division was reformed once again, bringing Congress Poland closer to the structure of the [[Russian Empire]], with the introduction of [[guberniya]]s ([[governorate]], Polish spelling ''gubernia''), gradually transforming Congress Poland into the "[[Vistulan Country]]". Over the next several decades, various smaller reforms were carried out, either changing the smaller administrative units or merging/splitting various guberniyas.
'''Congress Poland was subdivided''' several times from its creation in 1815 until its dissolution in 1918. [[Congress Poland]] ("Russian Poland") was divided into [[Department (country subdivision)|departments]], [[Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw|a relic]] from the times of the French-dominated [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. In 1816 the administrative divisions were changed to forms that were more traditionally Polish: [[voivodeship]]s, [[obwód]]s and [[powiat]]s. Following the [[November Uprising]], the subdivisions were again changed in 1837 to bring the subdivisions closer to the structure of the [[Russian Empire]] when [[guberniya]]s ([[governorate]]s) were introduced. In this way, Congress Poland was gradually transformed into the "[[Vistulan Country]]". Over the next several decades, various smaller reforms were carried out, either changing the smaller administrative units or merging/splitting various guberniyas.
==Subdivisions in modern Lithuania==
[[Image:CongressPoland1914Map.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Congress Poland in 1914]]
Today, almost all of the subdivisions of Congress Poland may be found, in similar territorial areas, in modern [[Poland]]. A few, roughly in the northern panhandle of Congress Poland, are to be found in modern [[Lithuania]]. They are:
* In [[Marijampolė County]]: [[Kalvarija Municipality]], [[Marijampolė Municipality]], [[Šakiai District Municipality]] (formerly Vladislavov), [[Vilkaviškis District Municipality]] (formerly Volkovyshki), and the town of [[Kybartai]]
* In [[Alytus County]]: [[Alytus District Municipality]] (formerly part of Kalvaria district), [[Lazdijai District Municipality]] (formerly part of Seyny district), and [[Merkinė]] (formerly part of Seyny district), a town near the [[Dzūkija National Park]]


== Changes in subdivisions by period==
==1816==
===From 1816 to 1837===
On January 16, 1816 the administrative division was reformed from the departments of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] into the more traditionally Polish [[voivodeship]]s, [[obwód]]s and [[powiat]]s.
On January 16, 1816, the areas of administrative jurisdiction were reformed from the departments of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] into the more traditionally Polish [[voivodeship]]s, [[obwód]]s and [[powiat]]s. Eight voivodeships were created:

There were 8 voivodeships:


* [[Augustów Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Suwałki]])
* [[Augustów Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Suwałki]])
* [[Kalisz Voivodeship]]
* [[Kalisz Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Kalisz Voivodeship]]
* [[Kraków Voivodeship]] (despite the name of this province, the city of Kraków was not included; Kraków was [[Free City of Kraków|a free city]] until the [[Kraków Uprising]] of 1846; the capital was first [[Miechów]], then [[Kielce]]).
* [[Kraków Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Kraków Voivodeship]] (despite the name of this province, the city of Kraków was not included; Kraków was [[Free City of Kraków|a free city]] until the [[Kraków Uprising]] of 1846, after which it was annexed by [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]; the capital was first [[Miechów]], then [[Kielce]]).
* [[Lublin Voivodeship]]
* [[Lublin Voivodeship (Congress Poland)|Lublin Voivodeship]]
* [[Mazowsze Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Warsaw]])
* [[Mazowsze Voivodeship (Congress Poland)|Mazowsze Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Warsaw]])
* [[Płock Voivodeship]]
* [[Płock Voivodeship (Congress Poland)|Płock Voivodeship]]
* [[Podlasie Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Siedlce]])
* [[Podlasie Voivodeship (Congress Poland)|Podlasie Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Siedlce]])
* [[Sandomierz Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Radom]])
* [[Sandomierz Voivodeship (Congress Poland)|Sandomierz Voivodeship]] (capital in [[Radom]])


==1837==
===From 1837 to 1842===
On 7 March 1837 the Congress Poland voivodeships were renamed as 8 [[guberniya]]s (governorates):
On 7 March 1837 the voivodeships were reorganised as eight [[guberniya]]s (governorates):
* [[Augustów Governorate]] (with capital in [[Łomża]])
* [[Augustów Governorate]] (with capital in [[Łomża]])
* [[Kalish Governorate]] (with capital in [[Kalisz]])
* [[Kalish Governorate]] (with capital in [[Kalisz]])
Line 30: Line 35:
* [[Sandomir Governorate]] (with capital in [[Radom]])
* [[Sandomir Governorate]] (with capital in [[Radom]])


==1842==
===From 1842 to 1844===
In 1842 [[powiat]]s were renamed [[okręg]]s, and [[obwód]]s were renamed powiats.
In 1842 the Polish [[powiat]]s were renamed to [[okręg]]s and the Polish [[obwód]]s were renamed powiats.


==1844==
===From 1844 to 1867===
In 1844 several governorates were merged with others, and some others renamed. 5 governorates remained:
In 1844 several governorates were merged with others, and some others renamed. Five governorates remained:


{| class="wikitable sortable" border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|--
|--
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat
Line 51: Line 56:
|}
|}


==1867==
===From 1867 to 1893===
The 1867 reform, initiated after the failure of the [[January Uprising]], was designed to tie the Congress Kingdom (now ''de facto'' the [[Vistulan Country]]) more tightly to the administration structure of the Russian Empire. It divided larger governorates into smaller ones. A new lower level entity, [[gmina]], was introduced. This time 10 governorates were formed:
The 1867 reform, initiated after the failure of the [[January Uprising]], was designed to tie Congress Poland (now ''de facto'' the [[Vistulan Country]]) more tightly to the administration structure of the Russian Empire. It divided larger governorates into smaller ones. A new lower level entity, [[gmina]], was introduced. This time ten governorates were formed:


{| class="wikitable sortable" border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|--
|--
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat
|--
|--
|[[Warsaw Governorate]]||Варшавская губерния||Gubernia warszawska||[[Warszawa]]
|[[Warsaw Governorate]]||Варшавская губерния||Gubernia warszawska||[[Warsaw]]
|--
|--
|[[Kalisz Governorate]]||Калишская губерния||Gubernia kaliska||[[Kalisz]]
|[[Kalisz Governorate]]||Калишская губерния||Gubernia kaliska||[[Kalisz]]
Line 79: Line 84:
|}
|}


== 1893 ==
===From 1893 to 1912===
A minor reform of 1893 transferred some territory from the Plotsk and Lomzha Governorates to Warsaw Governorate.
A minor reform of 1893 transferred some territory from the Plotsk and Lomzha Governorates to the Warsaw Governorate.


{| class="wikitable sortable" border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|--
|--
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat||Area,<br> in thousands of km<sup>2</sup>||Population,<br> in thousands,(<small>1905</small>)
!Governorate||Name in Russian||Name in Polish||Seat||Area,<br> in thousands of km<sup>2</sup>||Population,<br> in thousands,(<small>1905</small>)
|--
|--
|[[Warsaw Governorate]]||Варшавская губерния||Gubernia warszawska||[[Warszawa]]||17,6||2233
|[[Warsaw Governorate]]||Варшавская губерния||Gubernia warszawska||[[Warsaw]]||17,6||2233
|--
|--
|[[Kalisz Governorate]]||Калишская губерния||Gubernia kaliska||[[Kalisz]]||11,3||964
|[[Kalisz Governorate]]||Калишская губерния||Gubernia kaliska||[[Kalisz]]||11,3||964
Line 92: Line 97:
|[[Kielce Governorate]]||Келецкая губерния||Gubernia kielecka||[[Kielce]]||10,2||899
|[[Kielce Governorate]]||Келецкая губерния||Gubernia kielecka||[[Kielce]]||10,2||899
|--
|--
|[[Łomża Governorate]]||Ломжинская губерния||Gubernia lubelska||[[Łomża]]||10,6||645
|[[Łomża Governorate]]||Ломжинская губерния||Gubernia łomżyńska||[[Łomża]]||10,6||645
|--
|--
|[[Lublin Governorate]]||Люблинская губерния||Gubernia łomżyńska||[[Lublin]]||16,9||1341
|[[Lublin Governorate]]||Люблинская губерния||Gubernia lubelska||[[Lublin]]||16,9||1341
|--
|--
|[[Piotrków Governorate]]||Петроковская губерния||Gubernia piotrkowska||[[Piotrków Trybunalski|Piotrków]]||12,2||1640
|[[Piotrków Governorate]]||Петроковская губерния||Gubernia piotrkowska||[[Piotrków Trybunalski|Piotrków]]||12,2||1640
|--
|--
|[[Płock Governorate]]||Плоцкская губерния||Gubernia płocka||[[Płock]]||9,4||613
|[[Płock Governorate]]||Плоцкая губерния||Gubernia płocka||[[Płock]]||9,4||613
|--
|--
|[[Radom Governorate]]||Радомская губерния||Gubernia radomska||[[Radom]]||12,4||917
|[[Radom Governorate]]||Радомская губерния||Gubernia radomska||[[Radom]]||12,4||917
Line 107: Line 112:
|}
|}


== 1912 ==
=== From 1912 to 1919===
⚫
The 1912 reform created a new governorate – [[Kholm Governorate (Russian Empire)|Kholm Governorate]] – from parts of the Sedlets and Lublin Governorates. However this was split off from the [[Vistulan Country]] and made part of the [[Southwestern Krai]] of the [[Russian Empire]].
[[Image:Gubernia chełmska.png|thumb|right|130px|Chełm Governorate (pink)]]
⚫
The 1912 reform created a new governorate - [[Kholm Governorate]] - from parts of the Sedlets and Lublin Governorates. However this was split off from the [[Vistulan Country]] and made part of the [[Southwestern Krai]] of the [[Russian Empire]].


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/Poland/Q2.htm What is the history of the gubernias of Poland?]
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/Poland/Q2.htm What is the history of the gubernias of Poland?]
* {{pl icon}} Zygmunt Gloger, [http://univ.gda.pl/~literat/glogre/0015.htm Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski, Rodział 15: W wieku XIX]
* {{in lang|pl}} Zygmunt Gloger, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070610121007/http://univ.gda.pl/~literat/glogre/0015.htm Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski, Rodział 15: W wieku XIX]


{{Administrative division of Poland}}
{{Administrative division of Poland}}
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[[Category:Congress Poland]]
[[Category:Congress Poland]]
[[Category:Governorates of Congress Poland| ]]
[[Category:Governorates of Congress Poland| ]]
[[Category:History of the administrative divisions of Russia]]
[[Category:Former administrative units of Russia|Congress Poland]]
[[Category:Historical regions in Poland]]
[[Category:Former administrative divisions of Poland]]
[[Category:Former subdivisions of Poland]]

[[it:Divisione amministrativa del Regno del Congresso]]
[[pl:Podział administracyjny Królestwa Polskiego]]
[[pt:Divisão administrativa do Congresso da Polônia]]

Latest revision as of 18:35, 4 October 2024

Administrative division of Congress Poland in 1830. This map represents the period 1816-1837 and is mostly valid for the period of up to 1844.
Administrative division of Congress Poland, 1907. This map represents the period 1893-1912, and is mostly valid for the most part for 1867-1914.
Historical map showing the administrative division of Congress Poland, 1831.
Historical map showing the Western governorates of the Russian Empire, 1902 (including those of Congress Poland).

Congress Poland was subdivided several times from its creation in 1815 until its dissolution in 1918. Congress Poland ("Russian Poland") was divided into departments, a relic from the times of the French-dominated Duchy of Warsaw. In 1816 the administrative divisions were changed to forms that were more traditionally Polish: voivodeships, obwóds and powiats. Following the November Uprising, the subdivisions were again changed in 1837 to bring the subdivisions closer to the structure of the Russian Empire when guberniyas (governorates) were introduced. In this way, Congress Poland was gradually transformed into the "Vistulan Country". Over the next several decades, various smaller reforms were carried out, either changing the smaller administrative units or merging/splitting various guberniyas.

Subdivisions in modern Lithuania

[edit]
Congress Poland in 1914

Today, almost all of the subdivisions of Congress Poland may be found, in similar territorial areas, in modern Poland. A few, roughly in the northern panhandle of Congress Poland, are to be found in modern Lithuania. They are:

Changes in subdivisions by period

[edit]

From 1816 to 1837

[edit]

On January 16, 1816, the areas of administrative jurisdiction were reformed from the departments of the Duchy of Warsaw into the more traditionally Polish voivodeships, obwóds and powiats. Eight voivodeships were created:

From 1837 to 1842

[edit]

On 7 March 1837 the voivodeships were reorganised as eight guberniyas (governorates):

From 1842 to 1844

[edit]

In 1842 the Polish powiats were renamed to okręgs and the Polish obwóds were renamed powiats.

From 1844 to 1867

[edit]

In 1844 several governorates were merged with others, and some others renamed. Five governorates remained:

Governorate Name in Russian Name in Polish Seat
Warsaw Governorate Варшавская губерния Gubernia warszawska Warsaw
Augustów Governorate Августовская губерния Gubernia augustowska Suwałki
Lublin Governorate Люблинская губерния Gubernia lubelska Lublin
Płock Governorate Плоцкая губерния Gubernia płocka Płock
Radom Governorate Радомская губерния Gubernia radomska Radom

From 1867 to 1893

[edit]

The 1867 reform, initiated after the failure of the January Uprising, was designed to tie Congress Poland (now de facto the Vistulan Country) more tightly to the administration structure of the Russian Empire. It divided larger governorates into smaller ones. A new lower level entity, gmina, was introduced. This time ten governorates were formed:

Governorate Name in Russian Name in Polish Seat
Warsaw Governorate Варшавская губерния Gubernia warszawska Warsaw
Kalisz Governorate Калишская губерния Gubernia kaliska Kalisz
Kielce Governorate Келецкая губерния Gubernia kielecka Kielce
Łomża Governorate Ломжинская губерния Gubernia łomżyńska Łomża
Lublin Governorate Люблинская губерния Gubernia lubelska Lublin
Piotrków Governorate Петроковская губерния Gubernia piotrkowska Piotrków
Płock Governorate Плоцкая губерния Gubernia płocka Płock
Radom Governorate Радомская губерния Gubernia radomska Radom
Siedlce Governorate Седлецкая губерния Gubernia siedlecka Siedlce
Suwalki Governorate Сувалкская губерния Gubernia suwalska Suwałki

From 1893 to 1912

[edit]

A minor reform of 1893 transferred some territory from the Plotsk and Lomzha Governorates to the Warsaw Governorate.

Governorate Name in Russian Name in Polish Seat Area,
in thousands of km2		 Population,
in thousands,(1905)
Warsaw Governorate Варшавская губерния Gubernia warszawska Warsaw 17,6 2233
Kalisz Governorate Калишская губерния Gubernia kaliska Kalisz 11,3 964
Kielce Governorate Келецкая губерния Gubernia kielecka Kielce 10,2 899
Łomża Governorate Ломжинская губерния Gubernia łomżyńska Łomża 10,6 645
Lublin Governorate Люблинская губерния Gubernia lubelska Lublin 16,9 1341
Piotrków Governorate Петроковская губерния Gubernia piotrkowska Piotrków 12,2 1640
Płock Governorate Плоцкая губерния Gubernia płocka Płock 9,4 613
Radom Governorate Радомская губерния Gubernia radomska Radom 12,4 917
Siedlce Governorate Седлецкая губерния Gubernia siedlecka Siedlce 14,3 894
Suwalki Governorate Сувалкская губерния Gubernia suwalska Suwałki 12,4 629

From 1912 to 1919

[edit]

The 1912 reform created a new governorate – Kholm Governorate – from parts of the Sedlets and Lublin Governorates. However this was split off from the Vistulan Country and made part of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire.

[edit]
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