1896 Democratic National Convention: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|U.S. political event held in Chicago, Illinois}} |
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{{Infobox National Political Convention |
{{Infobox National Political Convention |
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| year = 1896 |
| year = 1896 |
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| party = Democratic |
| party = Democratic |
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| image = |
| image = William Jennings Bryan oval.png |
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| image_size = 98 |
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| image2 = ArthurSewall.png |
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| direction =vertical |
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| width = 300px |
| width = 300px |
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| header = Inside |
| header = Inside the convention hall |
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|image1=1896 DNC (2).jpg |
|image1=1896 DNC (2).jpg |
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The '''1896 Democratic National Convention''', held at the [[Chicago Coliseum]] from July 7 to July 11, was the scene of [[William Jennings Bryan]]'s nomination as the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidate for the [[1896 United States presidential election|1896 U.S. presidential election]]. |
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At age 36, Bryan was the youngest presidential nominee in [[History of the United States|American history]], only one year older than the constitutional minimum. Bryan's keynote [[Cross of gold speech|"Cross of Gold" address]], delivered prior to his nomination, lambasted Eastern monied classes for supporting the [[gold standard]] at the expense of the average worker. This was a repudiation of [[Presidencies of Grover Cleveland|Cleveland administration]]'s policy, but proved popular with the delegates to the convention. |
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The '''1896 Democratic National Convention''', held at the [[Chicago Coliseum]] from July 7 to July 11, was the scene of [[William Jennings Bryan]]'s nomination as the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidate for the [[United States presidential election, 1896|1896 U.S. presidential election]]. |
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Bryan secured the nomination on the fifth ballot over [[Richard P. Bland]]. Bryan declined to choose a Democratic vice presidential nominee, leaving the choice to his fellow delegates. [[Arthur Sewall]] of Maine was nominated on the fifth ballot. Bryan and Sewall ultimately lost to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates, [[William McKinley]] and [[Garret Hobart]]. |
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At age 36, Bryan was the youngest Presidential nominee in American history, only one year older than the constitutional minimum. Bryan's keynote [[Cross of gold speech|"Cross of Gold" address]], delivered prior to his nomination, lambasted Eastern monied classes for supporting the [[gold standard]] at the expense of the average worker. This was a repudiation of [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]-administration policy, but proved popular with the delegates to the convention. |
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== Silver in control == |
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Bryan secured the nomination on the fifth ballot over [[Richard P. Bland]]. As the nominee, Bryan declined to choose a specific Democratic vice presidential nominee and left the decision to his fellow delegates. [[Arthur Sewall]] of Maine was nominated on the fifth ballot. The ticket ultimately lost to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates, [[William McKinley]] and [[Garret Hobart]]. |
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For three years the nation had been mired in a [[Panic of 1893|deep economic depression]], marked by low prices, low profits, high unemployment, and violent strikes. Economic issues, especially silver or gold for the money supply, and tariffs, were central. President [[Grover Cleveland]], a [[Bourbon Democrat]] was pro-business and a staunch supporter of conservative measures such as the [[gold standard]]; he was strongest in the Northeast. Opposed to him were the [[agrarianism|agrarian]] and [[free silver|silver]] factions based in the South and West, which had been empowered after the [[Panic of 1893]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Stanley L. Jones|title=The presidential election of 1896|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialelec0000unse_a2u3|url-access=registration|year=1964|publisher=U. of Wisconsin Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentialelec0000unse_a2u3/page/212 212]–43}}</ref> |
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A two-thirds vote was required for the Democratic Party nomination and at the convention the silverites just barely had it despite the extreme regional polarization of the delegates. In a test vote on an anti-silver measure, the Eastern states (from Maryland to Maine), with 28% of the delegates voted 96% for gold. The delegates from the rest of the country voted 91% against gold, so the silverites controlled 67% of the delegates.<ref>Walter Dean Burnham, "The System of 1896: An Analysis," in Paul Kleppner et al., ''The Evolution of American Electoral Systems'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981), 147—202 at pp 158–60</ref> |
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==Silver in control == |
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For three years the nation had been mired in a [[Panic of 1893|deep economic depression]], marked by low prices, low profits, high unemployment, and violent strikes. Economic issues, especially silver or gold for the money supply, and tariffs, were central. President [[Grover Cleveland]], a [[Bourbon Democrat]] was pro-business and a staunch supporter of conservative measures such as the [[gold standard]]; he was strongest in the Northeast. Opposed to him were the [[agrarianism|agrarian]] and [[free silver|silver]] factions based in the South and West, which had been empowered after the [[Panic of 1893]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Stanley L. Jones|title=The presidential election of 1896|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eE53AAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=U. of Wisconsin Press|pages=212–43}}</ref> |
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== Bryan moves up == |
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A two-thirds vote was required for the Democratic Party nomination and at the convention the silverites just barely had it despite the extreme regional polarization of the delegates. In a test vote on an anti-silver measure, the Eastern states (from Maryland to Maine), with 28% of the delegates voted 96% for gold. The delegates from the rest of the country voted 91% against gold, so the silverites controlled 67% of the delegates.<ref>Walter Dean Burnham, "The System of 1896: An Analysis," in Paul Kleppner et al., ''The Evolution of American Electoral Systems'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981), 147—202 at pp 158-60</ref> |
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Bryan was a talented orator. He gave speeches, organized meetings, and adopted resounding resolutions that eventually culminated in the founding of the [[American Bimetallic League]], which then evolved into the National Bimetallic Union, and finally the National Silver Committee.<ref>Paulo E. Coletta, ''William Jennings Bryan: Volume I, Political Evangelist, 1860–1908'', (1964) p. 107.</ref> At the time many inflationist farmers believed that by increasing the amount of currency in circulation, the crops they grew would receive higher prices. They were opposed by banks and bond holders who feared inflation, and by urban workers who feared inflation would further erode their purchasing power. The ultimate goal of the League was to garner support on a national level for the reinstatement of the coinage of silver.<ref>Paxton Hibben, ''The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan'' (1929), 175.</ref> |
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With others, he made certain that the Democratic platform reflected the now strengthening spirit of the silverites. With his support, Charles H. Jones, of the ''St Louis Post-Dispatch'', was put on the platform committee and Bryan's plank for free silver was adopted sixteen to one and silently added to the Chicago Democratic Platform, in order to avoid controversy.<ref>Hibben, ''The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan'' p 184.</ref> As a minority member of the resolutions committee, Bryan was able to push the Democratic Party from its laissez-faire and [[small government]] roots towards its modern, interventionist character. Through these measures, the public and influential Democrats became convinced of his capacity to lead and bring change, resulting in his being mentioned as a possible chairman for the Chicago convention. Bryan delivered speeches across the country for free silver from 1894 to 1896, building a grass-roots reputation as a powerful champion of the cause. |
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==Bryan moves up== |
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Bryan had an innate talent at oratory. He gave speeches, organized meetings, and adopted resounding resolutions that eventually culminated in the founding of the [[American Bimetallic League]], which then evolved into the National Bimetallic Union, and finally the National Silver Committee.<ref>Paulo E. Coletta, ''William Jennings Bryan: Volume I, Political Evangelist, 1860-1908'', (1964) p. 107.</ref> At the time many inflationist farmers believed that by increasing the amount of currency in circulation, the crops they grew would receive higher prices. They were opposed by banks and bond holders who feared inflation, and by urban workers who feared inflation would further erode their purchasing power. The ultimate goal of the League was to garner support on a national level for the reinstatement of the coinage of silver.<ref>Paxton Hibben, ''The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan'' (1929), 175.</ref> |
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At the 1896 convention, Bryan lambasted Eastern moneyed classes for supporting the [[gold standard]] at the expense of the average worker. His [[Cross of gold speech|"Cross of Gold" speech]] made him the sensational new face in the Democratic party. At the start of the convention, former Missouri Congressman [[Richard P. Bland]], a strong supporter of [[bimetallism]], was viewed as the favorite.<ref name=nyt2/> However, Bland was strongly opposed by many in the South, in part because his wife and daughter were [[Catholicism|Catholics]].<ref name=nyt2>{{cite news|title=The Silver Fanatics are Invincible|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/18960707convention-dem-ra.html|access-date=8 October 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 June 1896}}</ref> Some bimetallist supporters tried to draft Republican Senator [[Henry M. Teller]] of Colorado, but his candidacy never got off the ground.<ref name=nyt1/> |
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With others, he made certain that the Democratic platform reflected the now strengthening spirit of the silverites. With his support, Charles H. Jones, of the ''St Louis Post-Dispatch'', was put on the platform committee and Bryan's plank for free silver was adopted sixteen to one and silently added to the Chicago Democratic Platform, in order to avoid controversy.<ref>Hibben, ''The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan'' p 184.</ref> As a minority member of the resolutions committee, Bryan was able to push the Democratic Party from its laissez-faire and [[small government]] roots towards its modern, liberal character. Through these measures, the public and influential Democrats became convinced of his capacity to lead and bring change, resulting in his being mentioned as a possible chairman for the Chicago convention. Bryan delivered speeches across the country for free silver from 1894 to 1896, building a grass-roots reputation as a powerful champion of the cause. |
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Several state delegations, mostly from the Northeast, supported the gold standard and refused to take part in the nomination process.<ref name=nyt1>{{cite news|title=Bryan, Free Silver, and Repudiation|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/18960711convention-dem-ra.html|access-date=8 October 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 July 1896}}</ref> Many conservative Democrats looked to former Senator [[David B. Hill]] of New York or Governor [[William Russell (governor)|William Russell]] of Massachusetts for leadership, but Russell was in poor health and Hill did not gain support for a presidential bid.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weisman |first1=Steven R. |title=The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson-The Fierce Battles over Money That Transformed the Nation |date=2002 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=0-684-85068-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/greattaxwars00weis/page/167 167–168] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/greattaxwars00weis/page/167 }}</ref> Eight names were placed in nomination: Richard P. Bland, William J. Bryan, [[Claude Matthews]], [[Horace Boies]], [[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Joseph Blackburn]], [[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]], [[Robert E. Pattison]], and [[Sylvester Pennoyer]]. The only major candidate that did support the gold standard was former Pennsylvania Governor Pattison.<ref name=nyt1/> After five ballots, Bryan triumphed over Bland and Pattison.<ref name=nyt1/> Bryan was also nominated for president by the [[People's Party (United States)|Populist Party]] and the [[Silver Republican Party]]. |
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At the 1896 convention, Bryan lambasted Eastern moneyed classes for supporting the [[gold standard]] at the expense of the average worker. His [[Cross of gold speech|"Cross of Gold" speech]] made him the sensational new face in the Democratic party. At the start of the convention, former Missouri Congressman [[Richard P. Bland]], a strong supporter of [[bimetallism]], was viewed as the favorite.<ref name=nyt2/> However, Bland was strongly opposed by many in the South, in part because his wife and daughter were [[Catholicism|Catholics]].<ref name=nyt2>{{cite news|title=The Silver Fanatics are Invincible|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/18960707convention-dem-ra.html|accessdate=8 October 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=7 June 1896}}</ref> Some bimetallist supporters tried to draft Republican Senator [[Henry M. Teller]] of Colorado, but his candidacy never got off the ground.<ref name=nyt1/> |
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== Presidential nomination == |
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Several state delegations, mostly from the Northeast, supported the gold standard and refused to take part in the nomination process.<ref name=nyt1>{{cite news|title=Bryan, Free Silver, and Repudiation|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/18960711convention-dem-ra.html|accessdate=8 October 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=11 July 1896}}</ref> Eight names were placed in nomination: Richard P. Bland, William J. Bryan, [[Claude Matthews]], [[Horace Boies]], [[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Joseph Blackburn]], [[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]], [[Robert E. Pattison]], and [[Sylvester Pennoyer]]. The only major candidate that did support the gold standard was former Pennsylvania Governor Pattison.<ref name=nyt1/> After five ballots, Bryan triumphed over Bland and Pattison.<ref name=nyt1/> Bryan was also nominated for president by the [[People's Party (United States)|Populist Party]] and the [[Silver Republican Party]]. |
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==Presidential nomination== |
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===Presidential candidates=== |
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=== Presidential candidates === |
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<gallery perrow="4"> |
<gallery perrow="4"> |
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Image:WilliamJBryan1902.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[William Jennings Bryan]]''' of [[Nebraska]] |
Image:WilliamJBryan1902.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[William Jennings Bryan]]''' of [[Nebraska]] |
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Image:Bland.png|Former Representative '''[[Richard P. Bland]]''' of [[Missouri]] |
Image:Bland.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[Richard P. Bland]]''' of [[Missouri]] |
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Image:RobertEPattison.png|[[List of Governors of Pennsylvania| |
Image:RobertEPattison.png|Former [[List of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor]] '''[[Robert E. Pattison]]''' of [[Pennsylvania]] |
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Image:Jblackburn.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Joseph Blackburn]]''' of [[Kentucky]] |
Image:Jblackburn.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Joseph Blackburn]]''' of [[Kentucky]] |
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Image:HBoies.png|[[List of Governors of Iowa|Governor]] '''[[Horace Boies]]''' of [[Iowa]] |
Image:HBoies.png|Former [[List of Governors of Iowa|Governor]] '''[[Horace Boies]]''' of [[Iowa]] |
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Image:John Roll McLean.jpg|[[Media proprietor|Newspaper Publisher]] '''[[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]]''' of [[Ohio]] |
Image:John Roll McLean.jpg|[[Media proprietor|Newspaper Publisher]] '''[[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]]''' of [[Ohio]] |
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Image:ClaudeMatthews.png|[[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] '''[[Claude Matthews]]''' of Indiana |
Image:ClaudeMatthews.png|[[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] '''[[Claude Matthews]]''' of Indiana |
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Image:SylvesterPennoyer.png|[[List of Governors of Oregon| |
Image:SylvesterPennoyer.png|Former [[List of Governors of Oregon|Governor]] '''[[Sylvester Pennoyer]]''' of [[Oregon]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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===Declined=== |
=== Declined === |
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<gallery perrow="4"> |
<gallery perrow="4"> |
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Image:WilliamERussell.png|Former [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]] '''[[William Russell ( |
Image:WilliamERussell.png|Former [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]] '''[[William E. Russell (politician)|William E. Russell]]''' of [[Massachusetts]] |
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Image:John W. Daniel - Brady-Handy.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[John W. Daniel]]''' of [[Virginia]] |
Image:John W. Daniel - Brady-Handy.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[John W. Daniel]]''' of [[Virginia]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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=== Not nominated === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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<gallery perrow="1"> |
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!(1-5) |
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Image:JosephCSibley.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[Joseph C. Sibley]]''' of [[Pennsylvania]] |
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| style="text-align:center" colspan="7" |'''Presidential Ballot''' |
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</gallery> |
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=== Balloting === |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |
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! colspan="7" | '''Presidential Ballot''' |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
!||1st ||2nd ||3rd ||4th ||5th ||UN |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[William Jennings Bryan| |
![[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] |
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|style="background:#82caff"|137 |
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|style="background:#82caff"|197 |
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|style="background:#82caff"|219 |
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|style="background:#5cb3ff"|280 |
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|style="background:#5cb3ff"|652 |
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|style="background:#5cb3ff"|930 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Richard P. Bland]] |
![[Richard P. Bland|Bland]] |
||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|235 |
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|style="background:#5cb3ff"|281 |
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|style="background:#5cb3ff"|291 |
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|style="background:#82caff"|241 |
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|style="background:#c2dfff"|11 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Robert E. Pattison]] |
![[Robert E. Pattison|Pattison]] |
||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|97 |
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|style="background:#c2dfff"|100 |
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|style="background:#c2dfff"|97 |
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|style="background:#c2dfff"|97 |
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|style="background:#82caff"|95 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn| |
![[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Blackburn]] |
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|82 |
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|41 |
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|27 |
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|27 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Horace Boies]] |
![[Horace Boies|Boies]] |
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|67 |
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|37 |
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|36 |
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|33 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[John Roll McLean| |
![[John Roll McLean|McLean]] |
||
|54 |
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|53 |
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|54 |
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|46 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Claude Matthews]] |
![[Claude Matthews|Matthews]] |
||
|37 |
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|34 |
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|34 |
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|36 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Benjamin Tillman]] |
![[Benjamin Tillman|Tillman]] |
||
|17 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Adlai E. Stevenson I| |
![[Adlai E. Stevenson I|Stevenson]] |
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|6 |
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|10 |
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|9 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|8 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|- |
|- |
||
![[Sylvester Pennoyer]] |
![[Sylvester Pennoyer|Pennoyer]] |
||
|8 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Henry M. Teller]] |
![[Henry M. Teller|Teller]] |
||
|8 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[William E. Russell]] |
![[William E. Russell (politician)|Russell]] |
||
|2 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
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|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[David B. Hill]] |
![[David B. Hill|Hill]] |
||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[James E. Campbell]] |
![[James E. Campbell|Campbell]] |
||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[David Turpie]] |
![[David Turpie|Turpie]] |
||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!Blank |
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!Blank !!178!! 160!! 162!! 161!! 162!! |
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|178 |
|||
|160 |
|||
|162 |
|||
|161 |
|||
|162 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
<br> |
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==Vice presidential nomination== |
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<gallery perrow="5"> |
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After the selection of Bryan, the convention turned its attention to picking a running mate.<ref name=nyt1/> Newspaper publisher [[John Roll McLean]] of Ohio was viewed as a possible candidate, in part because his fortune could help fund the ticket.<ref name=nyt1/> Former Congressman [[George F. Williams]] of Massachusetts, businessman [[Arthur Sewall]] of Maine, and former Attorney General [[Augustus Hill Garland]] of Arkansas were all mentioned as possible candidates.<ref name=nyt1/> |
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File:1896DemocraticPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|{{center|'''1st Presidential Ballot'''}} |
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File:1896DemocraticPresidentialNomination2ndBallot.png|{{center|'''2nd Presidential Ballot'''}} |
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File:1896DemocraticPresidentialNomination3rdBallot.png|{{center|'''3rd Presidential Ballot'''}} |
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File:1896DemocraticPresidentialNomination4thBallot.png|{{center|'''4th Presidential Ballot'''}} |
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File:1896DemocraticPresidentialNomination5thBallot.png|{{center|'''5th Presidential Ballot'''}} |
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</gallery> |
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== Vice Presidential nomination == |
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Eight names were placed in nomination: Arthur Sewall, John R. McLean, [[Joseph C. Sibley]], George F. Williams, [[Walter Clark (jurist)|Walter Clark]], [[J. Hamilton Lewis]], [[George W. Fithian]], and Sylvester Pennoyer. Sewall ultimately received the nomination on the fifth ballot. The [[People's Party (United States)|Populist Party]] and the [[Silver Republican Party]] also both nominated Bryan for president, but the Populists nominated former Georgia Congressman [[Thomas E. Watson]] instead of Sewell. |
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After the selection of Bryan, the convention turned its attention to picking a running mate.<ref name=nyt1/> Newspaper publisher [[John Roll McLean]] of Ohio was viewed as a possible candidate, in part because his fortune could help fund the ticket.<ref name=nyt1/> Former Representative [[George F. Williams]] of Massachusetts, businessman [[Arthur Sewall]] of Maine, and former Attorney General [[Augustus Hill Garland]] of Arkansas were all mentioned as possible candidates.<ref name=nyt1/> |
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Eight names were placed in nomination: Arthur Sewall, John R. McLean, [[Joseph C. Sibley]], George F. Williams, [[Walter Clark (jurist)|Walter Clark]], [[J. Hamilton Lewis]], [[George W. Fithian]], and Sylvester Pennoyer.<ref>"Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention held in Chicago, Ill., July 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, 1896."; pg. 350 [https://archive.org/stream/officialproceedi1896demo#page/350/mode/2up/search/sewall]</ref> After being placed in nomination, McLean, Sibley, and Fithian made it known to the convention that they were not candidates for the vice presidency. Sewall ultimately received the nomination on the fifth ballot. The [[People's Party (United States)|Populist Party]] and the [[Silver Republican Party]] also both nominated Bryan for president, but the Populists nominated former Georgia Representative [[Thomas E. Watson]] instead of Sewell. |
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===Vice presidential candidates=== |
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=== Vice Presidential candidates === |
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<gallery perrow="4"> |
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<gallery perrow="3"> |
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Image:ArthurSewall.png|[[Maine Central Railroad|Director of the Maine Central Railroad]] '''[[Arthur Sewall]]''' of [[Maine]] |
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File:ArthurSewall.png|President of the [[Maine Central Railroad Company|Maine Central Railroad]] '''[[Arthur Sewall]]''' of [[Maine]] |
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Image:John Roll McLean.jpg|[[Media proprietor|Newspaper Publisher]] '''[[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]]''' of [[Ohio]] |
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File:George F. Williams.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[George F. Williams]]''' of [[Massachusetts]] |
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File:WalterClark.png|[[North Carolina Supreme Court|State Associate Justice]] '''[[Walter Clark (jurist)|Walter Clark]]''' of [[North Carolina]] |
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File:Hamilton lewis.jpg|[[United States House of Representatives|Representative Nominee]] '''[[J. Hamilton Lewis]]''' of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (''Ineligible, not yet 35 years of age'') |
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Image:WalterClark.png|[[North Carolina Supreme Court|State Associate Justice]] '''[[Walter Clark (jurist)|Walter Clark]]''' of [[North Carolina]] |
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File:SylvesterPennoyer.png|Former [[List of Governors of Oregon|Governor]] '''[[Sylvester Pennoyer]]''' of [[Oregon]] |
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Image:Hamilton lewis.jpg|[[United States House of Representatives|Representative Nominee]] '''[[J. Hamilton Lewis]]''' of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (Ineligible) |
|||
Image:GeorgeWFithian.png|[[United States House of Representatives|Former Representative]] '''[[George W. Fithian]]''' of [[Illinois]] |
|||
Image:SylvesterPennoyer.png|[[List of Governors of Oregon|Former Governor]] '''[[Sylvester Pennoyer]]''' of [[Oregon]] |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
===Declined=== |
=== Declined === |
||
<gallery perrow="3"> |
<gallery perrow="3"> |
||
Image: |
Image:John Roll McLean.jpg|[[Media proprietor|Newspaper Publisher]] '''[[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]]''' of [[Ohio]] |
||
Image:Bland.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[Richard P. Bland]]''' of [[Missouri]] |
|||
Image:JosephCSibley.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[Joseph C. Sibley]]''' of [[Pennsylvania]] |
|||
Image:John W. Daniel - Brady-Handy.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[John W. Daniel]]''' of [[Virginia]] |
Image:John W. Daniel - Brady-Handy.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]] '''[[John W. Daniel]]''' of [[Virginia]] |
||
Image:HBoies.png|[[List of Governors of Iowa|Governor]] '''[[Horace Boies]]''' of [[Iowa]] |
Image:HBoies.png|Former [[List of Governors of Iowa|Governor]] '''[[Horace Boies]]''' of [[Iowa]] |
||
Image:GeorgeWFithian.png|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] '''[[George W. Fithian]]''' of [[Illinois]] |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
=== Balloting === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
!(1-5) |
|||
| style="text-align:center" colspan="7" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |
||
! colspan="7" | '''Vice Presidential Ballot''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!!!1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 5th !! |
! !!1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 5th !! UN |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Arthur Sewall]] |
![[Arthur Sewall|Sewall]] |
||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|100 |
|||
|37 |
|||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|97 |
|||
|style="background:#82caff"|261 |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|568 |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|930 |
|||
|- |
|||
![[John Roll McLean|McLean]] |
|||
|style="background:#82caff"|111 |
|||
|style="background:#82caff"|158 |
|||
|style="background:#82caff"|210 |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|298 |
|||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|32 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Richard P. Bland|Bland]] |
|||
![[John Roll McLean|John R. McLean]] !!111!! 158!! 210!! 298!! 32!! |
|||
|62 |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|294 |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|255 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Joseph C. Sibley|Sibley]] |
|||
![[Richard P. Bland]] !!62!! 294!! 255!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|163 |
|||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|113 |
|||
|50 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[George F. Williams|G.F. Williams]] |
|||
![[Joseph C. Sibley]] !!163!! 113!! 50!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|76 |
|||
|16 |
|||
|15 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[John W. Daniel|Daniel]] |
|||
![[George F. Williams]] !!76!! 16!! 15!! 9!! 9!! |
|||
|11 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|style="background:#c2dfff"|54 |
|||
|style="background:#82caff"|36 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Walter Clark (jurist)|Clark]] |
|||
![[John W. Daniel]] !!11!! 0!! 6!! 54!! 36!! |
|||
|50 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|46 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[James R. Williams (politician)|J. Williams]] |
|||
![[Walter Clark (jurist)|Walter Clark]] !!50!! 22!! 22!! 46!! 22!! |
|||
|22 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[William F. Harrity|Harrity]] |
|||
![[James R. Williams]] !!22!! 13!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|19 |
|||
|21 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|11 |
|||
|11 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Blackburn]] |
|||
![[William F. Harrity]] !!19!! 21!! 19!! 11!! 11!! |
|||
|20 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Horace Boies|Boies]] |
|||
![[Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn|Joseph Blackburn]] !!20!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|20 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[J. Hamilton Lewis|Lewis]] |
|||
![[Horace Boies]] !!20!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|11 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Robert E. Pattison|Pattison]] |
|||
![[J. Hamilton Lewis]] !!11!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[George W. Fithian|Fithian]] |
|||
![[Robert E. Pattison]] !!2!! 1!! 1!! 1!! 1!! |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Henry M. Teller|Teller]] |
|||
![[George W. Fithian]] !!1!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[Stephen M. White|White]] |
|||
![[Henry M. Teller]] !!1!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
|1 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!Blank |
|||
![[Stephen M. White]] !!1!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! |
|||
| |
|260 |
||
|255 |
|||
!Blank !!260!! 255!! 255!! 250!! 251!! |
|||
|255 |
|||
|250 |
|||
|251 |
|||
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
<br> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
<gallery perrow="5"> |
|||
*[[History of the United States Democratic Party]] |
|||
File:1896DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|{{center|'''1st Presidential Ballot'''}} |
|||
*[[United States presidential election, 1896]] |
|||
File:1896DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination2ndBallot.png|{{center|'''2nd Presidential Ballot'''}} |
|||
*[[1896 Republican National Convention]] |
|||
File:1896DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination3rdBallot.png|{{center|'''3rd Presidential Ballot'''}} |
|||
*[[List of Democratic National Conventions]] |
|||
File:1896DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination4thBallot.png|{{center|'''4th Presidential Ballot'''}} |
|||
*[[U.S. presidential nomination convention]] |
|||
File:1896DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination5thBallot.png|{{center|'''5th Presidential Ballot'''}} |
|||
*[[William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896]] |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
== |
== See also == |
||
* [[History of the United States Democratic Party]] |
|||
* [[1896 United States presidential election]] |
|||
* [[1896 Republican National Convention]] |
|||
* [[List of Democratic National Conventions]] |
|||
* [[U.S. presidential nomination convention]] |
|||
* [[William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
||
== Further reading == |
|||
* Coletta, Paulo E. ''William Jennings Bryan: Volume I, Political Evangelist, 1860–1908'', (1964) |
|||
* Geer, John G., and Thomas R. Rochon. "William Jennings Bryan on the Yellow Brick Road." ''Journal of American Culture'' 16.4 (1993): 59–63. Bryan resembles the Wizard of Oz |
|||
* Harpine, William D. "Bryan's “a cross of gold:” The rhetoric of polarization at the 1896 democratic convention." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 87.3 (2001): 291–304. [http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=aiken_communications_facpub online] |
|||
* Jones, Stanley L. ''The presidential election of 1896'' (1964). |
|||
* Nevins, Allan. ''Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage'' (1932) [https://archive.org/details/groverclevelands0000nevi_h6d0 online]. |
|||
=== Primary sources === |
|||
* Chester, Edward W ''A guide to political platforms'' (1977) pp 127–135 [https://archive.org/details/guidetopolitical0000ches online] |
|||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1896/ |
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1896/ 1896 Democratic National Convention] at the ''[[Political Graveyard]]'' |
||
* [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29586 Democratic Party Platform of 1896] at ''The American Presidency Project'' |
* [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29586 Democratic Party Platform of 1896] at ''The American Presidency Project'' |
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{{United States presidential election, 1896}} |
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[[Category:United States presidential election |
[[Category:1896 United States presidential election]] |
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[[Category:1896 in Illinois]] |
[[Category:1896 in Illinois]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1890s in Chicago]] |
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[[Category:Political conventions in Chicago]] |
[[Category:Political conventions in Chicago]] |
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[[Category:Democratic Party |
[[Category:Democratic Party of Illinois]] |
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[[Category:Political events in Illinois]] |
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[[Category:Democratic National Conventions]] |
[[Category:Democratic National Conventions]] |
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[[Category:1896 conferences]] |
[[Category:1896 conferences]] |
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[[Category:July 1896 events]] |
[[Category:July 1896 events]] |
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[[Category:19th-century political conferences]] |
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[[Category:1890s political events]] |
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[[Category:Events at Chicago Coliseum]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:51, 5 October 2024
| 1896 presidential election | |
  Nominees Bryan and Sewall | |
| Convention | |
|---|---|
| Date(s) | July 7–11, 1896 |
| City | Chicago, Illinois |
| Venue | Chicago Coliseum |
| Candidates | |
| Presidential nominee | William J. Bryan of Nebraska |
| Vice-presidential nominee | Arthur Sewall of Maine |
_(cropped).jpg)
Inside the convention hall
.jpg)
.jpg)
The 1896 Democratic National Convention, held at the Chicago Coliseum from July 7 to July 11, was the scene of William Jennings Bryan's nomination as the Democratic presidential candidate for the 1896 U.S. presidential election.
At age 36, Bryan was the youngest presidential nominee in American history, only one year older than the constitutional minimum. Bryan's keynote "Cross of Gold" address, delivered prior to his nomination, lambasted Eastern monied classes for supporting the gold standard at the expense of the average worker. This was a repudiation of Cleveland administration's policy, but proved popular with the delegates to the convention.
Bryan secured the nomination on the fifth ballot over Richard P. Bland. Bryan declined to choose a Democratic vice presidential nominee, leaving the choice to his fellow delegates. Arthur Sewall of Maine was nominated on the fifth ballot. Bryan and Sewall ultimately lost to the Republican candidates, William McKinley and Garret Hobart.
Silver in control
[edit]For three years the nation had been mired in a deep economic depression, marked by low prices, low profits, high unemployment, and violent strikes. Economic issues, especially silver or gold for the money supply, and tariffs, were central. President Grover Cleveland, a Bourbon Democrat was pro-business and a staunch supporter of conservative measures such as the gold standard; he was strongest in the Northeast. Opposed to him were the agrarian and silver factions based in the South and West, which had been empowered after the Panic of 1893.[1]
A two-thirds vote was required for the Democratic Party nomination and at the convention the silverites just barely had it despite the extreme regional polarization of the delegates. In a test vote on an anti-silver measure, the Eastern states (from Maryland to Maine), with 28% of the delegates voted 96% for gold. The delegates from the rest of the country voted 91% against gold, so the silverites controlled 67% of the delegates.[2]
Bryan moves up
[edit]Bryan was a talented orator. He gave speeches, organized meetings, and adopted resounding resolutions that eventually culminated in the founding of the American Bimetallic League, which then evolved into the National Bimetallic Union, and finally the National Silver Committee.[3] At the time many inflationist farmers believed that by increasing the amount of currency in circulation, the crops they grew would receive higher prices. They were opposed by banks and bond holders who feared inflation, and by urban workers who feared inflation would further erode their purchasing power. The ultimate goal of the League was to garner support on a national level for the reinstatement of the coinage of silver.[4]
With others, he made certain that the Democratic platform reflected the now strengthening spirit of the silverites. With his support, Charles H. Jones, of the St Louis Post-Dispatch, was put on the platform committee and Bryan's plank for free silver was adopted sixteen to one and silently added to the Chicago Democratic Platform, in order to avoid controversy.[5] As a minority member of the resolutions committee, Bryan was able to push the Democratic Party from its laissez-faire and small government roots towards its modern, interventionist character. Through these measures, the public and influential Democrats became convinced of his capacity to lead and bring change, resulting in his being mentioned as a possible chairman for the Chicago convention. Bryan delivered speeches across the country for free silver from 1894 to 1896, building a grass-roots reputation as a powerful champion of the cause.
At the 1896 convention, Bryan lambasted Eastern moneyed classes for supporting the gold standard at the expense of the average worker. His "Cross of Gold" speech made him the sensational new face in the Democratic party. At the start of the convention, former Missouri Congressman Richard P. Bland, a strong supporter of bimetallism, was viewed as the favorite.[6] However, Bland was strongly opposed by many in the South, in part because his wife and daughter were Catholics.[6] Some bimetallist supporters tried to draft Republican Senator Henry M. Teller of Colorado, but his candidacy never got off the ground.[7]
Several state delegations, mostly from the Northeast, supported the gold standard and refused to take part in the nomination process.[7] Many conservative Democrats looked to former Senator David B. Hill of New York or Governor William Russell of Massachusetts for leadership, but Russell was in poor health and Hill did not gain support for a presidential bid.[8] Eight names were placed in nomination: Richard P. Bland, William J. Bryan, Claude Matthews, Horace Boies, Joseph Blackburn, John R. McLean, Robert E. Pattison, and Sylvester Pennoyer. The only major candidate that did support the gold standard was former Pennsylvania Governor Pattison.[7] After five ballots, Bryan triumphed over Bland and Pattison.[7] Bryan was also nominated for president by the Populist Party and the Silver Republican Party.
Presidential nomination
[edit]Presidential candidates
[edit]-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Governor Claude Matthews of Indiana -
Declined
[edit]
Not nominated
[edit]
Balloting
[edit]| Presidential Ballot | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | UN | |
| Bryan | 137 | 197 | 219 | 280 | 652 | 930 |
| Bland | 235 | 281 | 291 | 241 | 11 | 0 |
| Pattison | 97 | 100 | 97 | 97 | 95 | 0 |
| Blackburn | 82 | 41 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 |
| Boies | 67 | 37 | 36 | 33 | 0 | 0 |
| McLean | 54 | 53 | 54 | 46 | 0 | 0 |
| Matthews | 37 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
| Tillman | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stevenson | 6 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Pennoyer | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teller | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Russell | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hill | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Campbell | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Turpie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Blank | 178 | 160 | 162 | 161 | 162 | 0 |
-
1st Presidential Ballot -
2nd Presidential Ballot -
3rd Presidential Ballot -
4th Presidential Ballot -
5th Presidential Ballot
Vice Presidential nomination
[edit]After the selection of Bryan, the convention turned its attention to picking a running mate.[7] Newspaper publisher John Roll McLean of Ohio was viewed as a possible candidate, in part because his fortune could help fund the ticket.[7] Former Representative George F. Williams of Massachusetts, businessman Arthur Sewall of Maine, and former Attorney General Augustus Hill Garland of Arkansas were all mentioned as possible candidates.[7]
Eight names were placed in nomination: Arthur Sewall, John R. McLean, Joseph C. Sibley, George F. Williams, Walter Clark, J. Hamilton Lewis, George W. Fithian, and Sylvester Pennoyer.[9] After being placed in nomination, McLean, Sibley, and Fithian made it known to the convention that they were not candidates for the vice presidency. Sewall ultimately received the nomination on the fifth ballot. The Populist Party and the Silver Republican Party also both nominated Bryan for president, but the Populists nominated former Georgia Representative Thomas E. Watson instead of Sewell.
Vice Presidential candidates
[edit]
Declined
[edit]
Balloting
[edit]| Vice Presidential Ballot | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | UN | |
| Sewall | 100 | 37 | 97 | 261 | 568 | 930 |
| McLean | 111 | 158 | 210 | 298 | 32 | 0 |
| Bland | 62 | 294 | 255 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sibley | 163 | 113 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| G.F. Williams | 76 | 16 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Daniel | 11 | 0 | 6 | 54 | 36 | 0 |
| Clark | 50 | 22 | 22 | 46 | 22 | 0 |
| J. Williams | 22 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Harrity | 19 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Blackburn | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Boies | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lewis | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pattison | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fithian | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teller | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| White | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Blank | 260 | 255 | 255 | 250 | 251 | 0 |
-
1st Presidential Ballot -
2nd Presidential Ballot -
3rd Presidential Ballot -
4th Presidential Ballot -
5th Presidential Ballot
See also
[edit]- History of the United States Democratic Party
- 1896 United States presidential election
- 1896 Republican National Convention
- List of Democratic National Conventions
- U.S. presidential nomination convention
- William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896
References
[edit]- ^ Stanley L. Jones (1964). The presidential election of 1896. U. of Wisconsin Press. pp. 212–43.
- ^ Walter Dean Burnham, "The System of 1896: An Analysis," in Paul Kleppner et al., The Evolution of American Electoral Systems (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981), 147—202 at pp 158–60
- ^ Paulo E. Coletta, William Jennings Bryan: Volume I, Political Evangelist, 1860–1908, (1964) p. 107.
- ^ Paxton Hibben, The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan (1929), 175.
- ^ Hibben, The Peerless Leader, William Jennings Bryan p 184.
- ^ a b "The Silver Fanatics are Invincible". The New York Times. 7 June 1896. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Bryan, Free Silver, and Repudiation". The New York Times. 11 July 1896. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. (2002). The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson-The Fierce Battles over Money That Transformed the Nation. Simon & Schuster. pp. 167–168. ISBN 0-684-85068-0.
- ^ "Official proceedings of the Democratic national convention held in Chicago, Ill., July 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, 1896."; pg. 350 [1]
Further reading
[edit]- Coletta, Paulo E. William Jennings Bryan: Volume I, Political Evangelist, 1860–1908, (1964)
- Geer, John G., and Thomas R. Rochon. "William Jennings Bryan on the Yellow Brick Road." Journal of American Culture 16.4 (1993): 59–63. Bryan resembles the Wizard of Oz
- Harpine, William D. "Bryan's “a cross of gold:” The rhetoric of polarization at the 1896 democratic convention." Quarterly Journal of Speech 87.3 (2001): 291–304. online
- Jones, Stanley L. The presidential election of 1896 (1964).
- Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage (1932) online.
Primary sources
[edit]- Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) pp 127–135 online
External links
[edit]- 1896 Democratic National Convention at the Political Graveyard
- Democratic Party Platform of 1896 at The American Presidency Project
| Preceded by 1892 Chicago, Illinois |
Democratic National Conventions | Succeeded by 1900 Kansas City, Missouri |
Categories:
- 1896 United States presidential election
- 1896 in Illinois
- 1890s in Chicago
- Political conventions in Chicago
- Democratic Party of Illinois
- Political events in Illinois
- Democratic National Conventions
- 1896 conferences
- July 1896 events
- 19th-century political conferences
- 1890s political events
- Events at Chicago Coliseum