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{{Short description|Administrative division of Nazi Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|conventional_long_name = Gau Thüringen
| conventional_long_name = Gau Thuringia
|common_name = Gau Thüringen
| common_name = Gau Thüringen
|subdivision = [[List of Gaue of Nazi Germany|Gau]]
| subdivision = ''[[Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany|Gau]]''
|nation = [[Nazi Germany]]
| nation = [[Nazi Germany]]
|image_flag = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
| image_flag = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
|image_coat = Reichsadler.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Thuringia 1933.svg
|image_map = NS administrative Gliederung 1944.png
| image_map = NS administrative Gliederung 1944.png
|image_map_caption = Map of [[Nazi Germany]] showing its administrative<br/>subdivisions (''[[Gau (administrative division)|Gau]]e'' and ''[[Reichsgau]]e'').
| image_map_caption = Map of [[Nazi Germany]] showing its administrative<br/>subdivisions (''[[Gau (administrative division)|Gau]]e'' and ''[[Reichsgau]]e'').
|national_anthem =
| national_anthem =
|capital = Weimar
| capital = Weimar
|p1 = Thuringia
| p1 = Thuringia
|flag_p1 = Flag of Thuringia.svg
| flag_p1 = Flag of Thuringia.svg
|s1 = Thuringia
| s1 = Thuringia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Thuringia.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of Thuringia.svg
|s2 = Bavaria
| s2 = Bavaria
|flag_s2 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg
| flag_s2 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg
|s3 = Saxony-Anhalt
| s3 = Saxony-Anhalt (1945–1952)
|flag_s3 = Flag of Saxony-Anhalt.svg
| flag_s3 = Flagge Preußen - Provinz Sachsen.svg
|event_start = [[Machtergreifung|Establishment]]
| event_start = [[Machtergreifung|Establishment]]
|year_start = 1933
| year_start = 1925
|date_start = 12 March
| date_start = 6 April
|event_end = [[German Instrument of Surrender, 1945|Disestablishment]]
| event_end = [[German Instrument of Surrender, 1945|Disestablishment]]
|year_end = 1945
| year_end = 1945
|date_end = 8 May
| date_end = 8 May
|pol_subdiv =
| pol_subdiv =
|title_leader = ''[[Gauleiter]]''
| title_leader = ''[[Gauleiter]]''
|leader1 = Fritz Sauckel
| leader1 = [[Artur Dinter]]
|year_leader1 = 1933&ndash;1945
| year_leader1 = 1925–1927
| leader2 = [[Fritz Sauckel]]
⚫
|stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 =
| year_leader2 = 1927–1945
⚫
| stat_year1 =
| stat_area1 =
| stat_pop1 =
| today = [[Germany]]
}}
}}
⚫
The '''Gau Thuringia''' (German: ''Gau Thüringen'') formed on 6 April 1925, was an [[Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany|administrative division]] of [[Nazi Germany]] in the Free State of [[:Thuringia]] from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the [[Nazi Party]] in that area.


==History==
⚫
The '''Gau Thuringia''' (German: ''Gau Thüringen'') was an administrative division of [[Nazi Germany]] in [[Thuringia]] from 1933 to 1945. From 1926 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the [[Nazi Party]] in that area.
The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a [[Nazi Party|party]] conference on 22 May 1926, to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the [[Nazi seizure of power]], the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.<ref name="Lemo">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/ns-regime/innenpolitik/gaue/ |title= Die NS-Gaue |website=dhm.de |publisher=[[Deutsches Historisches Museum]]|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=de|trans-title=The Nazi Gaue }}</ref>


At the head of each Gau stood a ''[[Gauleiter]]'', a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], with little interference from above. Local ''Gauleiters'' often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the ''[[Volkssturm]]'' and the defense of the Gau.<ref name="Lemo" /><ref name="Nizkor">{{cite web |url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-06-organization.html |title=The Organization of the Nazi Party & State |website=nizkor.org |publisher=[[The Nizkor Project]] |access-date=26 March 2016 |archive-date=9 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109221505/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-06-organization.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Gaue of Nazi Germany]]


The position of ''Gauleiter'' in Thuringia was originally held by [[Artur Dinter]]. On 30 September 1927 [[Fritz Sauckel]], his Deputy ''Gauleiter'', took over and held this position until the end of the war. Sauckel also served as the Reich General Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation. He was convicted at the [[Nuremberg trials]] and executed for [[war crimes]] and [[crimes against humanity]] on 16 October 1946.<ref name="Verw">{{cite web |url=http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/gau_thuering.html |title= Gau Thüringen |website=verwaltungsgeschichte.de |access-date= 24 March 2016|language=de}}</ref> His deputies were [[Hans Severus Ziegler]] (1927-1931), [[Willy Marschler]] (1931–32), [[Fritz Wächtler]] (1932–35) and [[Heinrich Siekmeier]] (1936–45).<ref>Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Volume 1 (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm Hüttmann), R. James Bender Publishing, 2012, p. 36, {{ISBN|1-932970-21-5}}.</ref>
==Sources==

* {{de icon}} [http://www.shoa.de/content/view/544/41/ List of Gaue and Gauleiter]
The [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] was located in the Gau Thuringia. Of the 238,980 prisoners that were sent to the camp 43,045 were killed.<ref name="Yad">{{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206088.pdf|title=Buchenwald|website=yadvashem.org|publisher=[[Yad Vashem]]|access-date=31 March 2016|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807162311/https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206088.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{de icon}} [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/innenpolitik/gaue/ Die NS Gaue] at the [[Deutsches Historisches Museum]] website.
* {{de icon}} [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/gau_abc.html Die Gaue der NSDAP]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/gauleiter.htm Illustrated list of Gauleiter]


{{Nazi Gaue}}
{{Nazi Gaue}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord missing|Thuringia}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gau Thuringen}}
⚫
[[Category:Nazi Gaue]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of Thuringia]]
⚫
[[Category:Nazi Gaue|Thuringen]]
[[Category:Thuringia]]

Latest revision as of 23:18, 5 October 2024

Gau Thuringia
Gau of Nazi Germany
1925–1945
Flag of Gau Thüringen
Flag
Coat of arms of Gau Thüringen
Coat of arms

Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative
subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue).
CapitalWeimar
Government
Gauleiter 
• 1925–1927
Artur Dinter
• 1927–1945
Fritz Sauckel
History 
6 April 1925
8 May 1945
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Thuringia
Thuringia
Bavaria
Saxony-Anhalt (1945–1952)
Today part ofGermany

The Gau Thuringia (German: Gau Thüringen) formed on 6 April 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in the Free State of Thuringia from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.

History

[edit]

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[1]

At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau.[1][2]

The position of Gauleiter in Thuringia was originally held by Artur Dinter. On 30 September 1927 Fritz Sauckel, his Deputy Gauleiter, took over and held this position until the end of the war. Sauckel also served as the Reich General Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation. He was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and executed for war crimes and crimes against humanity on 16 October 1946.[3] His deputies were Hans Severus Ziegler (1927-1931), Willy Marschler (1931–32), Fritz Wächtler (1932–35) and Heinrich Siekmeier (1936–45).[4]

The Buchenwald concentration camp was located in the Gau Thuringia. Of the 238,980 prisoners that were sent to the camp 43,045 were killed.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  2. ^ "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Gau Thüringen". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  4. ^ Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Volume 1 (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm Hüttmann), R. James Bender Publishing, 2012, p. 36, ISBN 1-932970-21-5.
  5. ^ "Buchenwald" (PDF). yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
[edit]

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