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{{Short description|Symphony composed by Mozart}}
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The '''Symphony No. 1 in E flat major''', [[Köchel-Verzeichnis|K]]. 16, was written in [[1764 in music|1764]] by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] at the age of eight years.<ref name="B">{{Cite book|title=Die Sinfonien I. |last=Mozart |first=Wolfgang Amadeus |authorlink= |coauthors=Giglberger, Veronika (preface), Robinson, J. Branford (transl.) |year=2005 |publisher=Bärenreiter-Verlag |location=Kassel |isbn= |pages=IX |url= }} ISMN M-006-20466-3</ref> By this time, he was already notable in [[Europe]] as a ''[[Child prodigy|wunderkind]]'' performer, but had composed little music.
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Symphony in E{{music|flat}} major
| subtitle = No. 1
| image = Mozart - Symphony No.1 in Eb Major, K.16 (f.1r).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = First page of the autograph manuscript
| composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W. A. Mozart]]
| key = [[E-flat major]]
| catalogue = [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 16
| composed = 1764
| dedication =
| published =
| movements = Three (''Molto allegro'', ''Andante'', ''Presto'')
}}
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The '''Symphony No. 1 in E{{music|flat}} major''', [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 16, is a [[symphony]] written in [[1764 in music|1764]] by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] at the age of eight years.<ref name="B">{{Cite book|title=Die Sinfonien I. |last=Mozart |first=Wolfgang Amadeus |translator=Robinson, J. Branford |year=2005 |publisher=Bärenreiter-Verlag |location=Kassel|page=IX}} ISMN M-006-20466-3</ref> By this time, he was already notable in Europe as a ''[[wunderkind]]'' performer but had composed little music.


The autograph score of the symphony is today preserved in the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in [[Kraków]].<ref name="B" />
The [[autograph (manuscript)|autograph score]] (handwritten original) of the symphony is today preserved in the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków.<ref name="B" />


==Background==
==Background==
[[File:WOLFGANG_AMADEUS_MOZART_1756-1791_composed_his_first_symphony_here_in_1764_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Commemorating plaque at 180 [[Ebury Street]], in [[Belgravia]]]]
The piece was written on the Mozart family's [[Mozart family Grand Tour|Grand Tour of Europe]] in [[London]] when they had to move to [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] during the summer of 1764 due to Mozart's father [[Leopold Mozart|Leopold's]] illness (throat infection).<ref name="B" /><ref name=sadie6465>Sadie, Stanley, Mozart: The Early Years 1756-1781, p 64-65, Oxford University (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-816529-3</ref> The house at 180 Ebury Street, now in the borough of Westminster, where this symphony was written, is marked with a plaque. The symphony was first performed on 21 February 1765. The work shows the influence of several composers, including his father and the sons of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], especially [[Johann Christian Bach]], an important early symphonist working in London whom Mozart had met during his time there.
The symphony was written on the Mozart family's [[Mozart family grand tour|Grand Tour of Europe]] in London when they had to move to [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] during the summer of 1764 due to Mozart's father [[Leopold Mozart|Leopold's]] throat infection.<ref name="B" /><ref name=sadie6465>[[Stanley Sadie|Sadie, Stanley]], ''Mozart: The Early Years 1756–1781'', pp. 64–65, Oxford University (2006), {{ISBN|978-0-19-816529-3}}</ref> The house at 180 [[Ebury Street]], now in the borough of Westminster, where this symphony was written, is marked with a plaque. The symphony was first performed on 21 February 1765. The work shows the influence of several composers, including his father and the sons of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], especially [[Johann Christian Bach]], an important early symphonist working in London whom Mozart had met during his time there.


==Movements and instrumentation==
==Movements and instrumentation==
The symphony is scored for 2 [[oboe]]s, 2 [[horn (instrument)|horn]]s, and [[string section|strings]].
The symphony is scored for 2 [[oboe]]s, 2 [[Natural horn|horn]]s in E{{music|b}}, and [[string section|strings]].


:<score sound="1">
[[File:Mozart_SY01_Incipit.gif|600px]]
\relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1"
\key es \major
\tempo "Molto allegro" \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 84
es2\f g |
\repeat unfold 8 { bes8 } |
g4 es r2 |
bes1\p | as | as | g | g |
}
</score>


The work is in 3 movements:
The work is in 3 [[movement (music)|movements]]:


#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Molto allegro]], 4/4
#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Molto allegro]], {{music|time|4|4}}
#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Andante]], [[C minor]], 2/4
#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Andante]], [[C minor]], {{music|time|2|4}}
#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Presto]], 3/8
#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Presto]], {{music|time|3|8}}

What's notably interesting is the symphony's second movement, in which the young eight year-old Mozart makes use of the famous four note motif that appears in the finale of his [[Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)|''Jupiter'' symphony]], No. 41. The four notes, Do, Re, Fa, Me, were used considerably by Mozart, and they make an appearance in several of his works, including his [[Symphony No. 33 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 33]]. This particular theme is stated by the horns in his first symphony.
In the second movement, the eight-year-old Mozart makes use of the four note [[Motif (music)|motif]] that appears in the finale of his [[Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)|''Jupiter'' symphony]], No. 41. The four notes, C, D, F, E, make an appearance in several of Mozart's works, including his [[Symphony No. 33 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 33]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fall Concert 2011|date=31 August 2011|url=http://kamuelaphil.wordpress.com/2011/08/31/fall-concert-2011/|publisher=Kamuela Philharmonic Orchestra|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref> This theme is stated by the horns in his first symphony.

In his book on the [[Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|piano concertos]], [[Cuthbert Girdlestone]] pointed out the similarity between the opening of this symphony and that of Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 22 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 22]], K. 482, composed some twenty years later.<ref>[[Cuthbert Girdlestone|Girdlestone, C. M.]] (1948) ''Mozart’s Piano Concertos'', p. 346, London, Cassell.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{NMA|95|3|96|5|Sinfonie in Es KV 16}}
*{{NMA|95|3|96|5|Sinfonie in Es KV 16}}
*{{IMSLP2|id=Symphony_No.1_%28Mozart%2C_Wolfgang_Amadeus%29|cname=Symphony No. 1}}
*{{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.1 in E-flat major, K.16 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No. 1}}

{{Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
{{Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
{{Mozart symphonies}}
{{MozartSymphonies}}
{{Portal bar|Classical music}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}


[[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|01]]
[[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|01]]

Latest revision as of 21:23, 6 October 2024

Symphony in E♭ major
No. 1
by W. A. Mozart
First page of the autograph manuscript
KeyE-flat major
CatalogueK. 16
Composed1764
MovementsThree (Molto allegro, Andante, Presto)

The Symphony No. 1 in E♭ major, K. 16, is a symphony written in 1764 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of eight years.[1] By this time, he was already notable in Europe as a wunderkind performer but had composed little music.

The autograph score (handwritten original) of the symphony is today preserved in the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków.[1]

Background

[edit]
Commemorating plaque at 180 Ebury Street, in Belgravia

The symphony was written on the Mozart family's Grand Tour of Europe in London when they had to move to Chelsea during the summer of 1764 due to Mozart's father Leopold's throat infection.[1][2] The house at 180 Ebury Street, now in the borough of Westminster, where this symphony was written, is marked with a plaque. The symphony was first performed on 21 February 1765. The work shows the influence of several composers, including his father and the sons of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially Johann Christian Bach, an important early symphonist working in London whom Mozart had met during his time there.

Movements and instrumentation

[edit]

The symphony is scored for 2 oboes, 2 horns in E♭, and strings.

\relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1" \key es \major \tempo "Molto allegro" \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 84 es2\f g | \repeat unfold 8 { bes8 } | g4 es r2 | bes1\p | as | as | g | g | }

The work is in 3 movements:

  1. Molto allegro, 4
    4
  2. Andante, C minor, 2
    4
  3. Presto, 3
    8

In the second movement, the eight-year-old Mozart makes use of the four note motif that appears in the finale of his Jupiter symphony, No. 41. The four notes, C, D, F, E, make an appearance in several of Mozart's works, including his Symphony No. 33.[3] This theme is stated by the horns in his first symphony.

In his book on the piano concertos, Cuthbert Girdlestone pointed out the similarity between the opening of this symphony and that of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 22, K. 482, composed some twenty years later.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (2005). Die Sinfonien I. Translated by Robinson, J. Branford. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. p. IX. ISMN M-006-20466-3
  2. ^ Sadie, Stanley, Mozart: The Early Years 1756–1781, pp. 64–65, Oxford University (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-816529-3
  3. ^ "Fall Concert 2011". Kamuela Philharmonic Orchestra. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  4. ^ Girdlestone, C. M. (1948) Mozart’s Piano Concertos, p. 346, London, Cassell.
[edit]

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