Cumulus Media Networks: Difference between revisions

Cumulus Media Networks
Type	Radio network
Country	United States
Ownership
Owner	ABC, Inc. (1945–1953); American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres; (1953–1965); American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.; (1965–1986); Capital Cities/ABC; (1986–1996); The Walt Disney Company; (1996–2007); Citadel Broadcasting; (2007–2011); Cumulus Media (2011–2014);
History
Launch date	June 15, 1945; (79 years ago)
Replaced	Blue Network
Closed	December 12, 2013; (68 years, 180 days);
Replaced by	Westwood One
Former names	ABC Radio (1945–2009); Citadel Media (2009–2011);
Coverage
Availability	National, through regional affiliates

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Latest revision as of 02:01, 7 October 2024

Cumulus Media Networks was an American radio network owned and operated by Cumulus Media. From 2011 until its merger with Westwood One, it controlled many of the radio assets formerly belonging to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), which was broken up in 2007; Cumulus owned the portion of the network that was purchased by Citadel Broadcasting that year.

The network adopted its final name in September 2011, following Cumulus's acquisition of Citadel; prior to this, it had been known as Citadel Media Networks since April 2009, after licensing the "ABC Radio Networks" name from The Walt Disney Company for nearly two years. ABC now operates ABC Audio which produces mostly short-form audio content for radio stations.

As ABC Radio Networks, it was the penultimate of the original major radio networks to still be owned by its original founding company, CBS Radio being the last. The Mutual Broadcasting System and the NBC Radio Network were both dissolved in 1999 after both were sold to the original Westwood One a decade earlier.

History

Cumulus Media Networks had its origins in an early network set up by WJZ (now WABC) in New York City which provided programs to other stations over Western Union lines.

NBC Blue Network

WJZ radio, originally owned by Westinghouse and its informal network were absorbed into the National Broadcasting Company in 1927. To the parent company Radio Corporation of America, WJZ and affiliates were known as the Blue Network while New York station WEAF and its affiliates (also absorbed into NBC) were known as the "Red Network". On the air, both were identified as "NBC, the National Broadcasting Company." The distinctions between the two networks were, beyond staff and advertisers, mostly a matter of the more popular and established programming appearing on NBC Red.

Both NBC networks were owned by RCA; following a Federal Communications Commission investigation into the network's influence over advertising, strict ownership rules were introduced in 1941. RCA was compelled to sell one network and three local stations.

ABC Radio

RCA put an asking price of $8 million on the Blue network; after two years on the market, it was sold in 1943 to businessman Edward J. Noble, owner of Life Savers candy and the Rexall store chain, for the asking price. After Noble took over, the network identified itself on-air as "The Blue Network". It was officially renamed American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., in June 1945, after the company bought the rights to the name from (what would later become) Storer Broadcasting.

With about 65 affiliates, ABC began with few of the big names and popular shows the other networks offered, so counter-programming became an ABC specialty. Industry policy had been to forbid taped or pre-recorded programs; ABC lured some big-name stars by adapting the tape technology developed in World War II. To add to its programming, ABC bought stations KECA (now KABC) in Los Angeles and WXYZ (now WXYT) in Detroit, the latter home and originator of many popular serials such as The Lone Ranger.

Financially unable to match the larger networks, NBC and CBS, ABC merged with United Paramount Theaters early in 1953.^[1] Through the 1950s, network radio declined in popularity, and ABC radio gradually became more oriented to its local stations, especially its two pop-music powerhouses, New York's WABC (formerly WJZ) and Chicago's WLS (which was owned and operated by the Prairie Farmer in a time-share arrangement with ABC-owned WENR until both stations merged in 1954; ABC acquired the Farmer's minority stake in 1959).

Some network shows survived the transition to television: Don McNeill's Breakfast Club, one of the country's first and longest-running morning programs, aired from 1933 to 1968 with Don McNeill as the host. Other long-running ABC programs included the National Barn Dance, running from 1924 to 1960, and Paul Harvey's daily commentary, which ran from 1951 until his death in 2009.^[2]

In 1958, ABC collaborated with its sister television network to produce the first national stereophonic sound broadcasts, when it simulcast The Plymouth Show (one of two shows hosted by Lawrence Welk at the time); the TV side broadcast one audio channel and the radio side broadcast the other in synchronization; viewers had to tune into both devices to achieve the stereophonic effect.

John F. Kennedy assassination bulletin

ABC Radio broadcast the first nationwide report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy was shot in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, at 18:30 UTC on November 22, 1963, and ABC Radio's Don Gardiner anchored the network's initial bulletin at 18:36:50 UTC, minutes before any other radio or television network did the same.

A surviving aircheck from New York shortwave station WRUL includes the first ABC Radio bulletin. Gardiner interrupts Doris Day's recording of "Hooray for Hollywood" to tell listeners at 13:36:50 EST (UTC−5):

We interrupt this program to bring you a special bulletin from ABC Radio. Here is a special bulletin from Dallas, Texas: three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade today in downtown Dallas, Texas. This is ABC Radio. To repeat: in Dallas, Texas, three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade today. The president now making a two-day speaking tour of Texas. We're going to stand by for more details on the incident in Dallas. Stay tuned to your ABC station for further details. Now we return you to your regular program.^[3]

ABC Radio Networks

Network	News aired	Ad/minute $	Launched	Ended
American Entertainment Network (originally to be called American Personality Network)^[4]	:30	$1,250	January 1, 1968^[5]
American Information Network	varies	$1,500
American Contemporary Network	:50-:60	$2,500
American FM Network	:15-:20	$650
ABC Rock Radio Network	:45	N/A	January 4, 1982
ABC Direction Radio Network	:45	N/A	January 4, 1982
ABC Talk Radio			1982	1989
ESPN Radio			January 1, 1992
Radio Disney			November 18, 1996	April 14, 2021
Urban Advantage Network (UAN)			January 1, 2001

Ralph Beaudin, group vice president of ABC Radio, came up with the idea of splitting the ABC Radio Network into four different networks. He felt that there was more product than stations could broadcast, causing a sale issue. The four separate networks would allow advertisers to better market to their preferred audience. Paul Harvey and the Breakfast Club were designated as Entertainment network features.^[5] Before the split, ABC obtained a waiver of the FCC's "Chain Broadcasting" rule on December 29, 1967, which had forced the sale of the Blue network in 1943.

Though each of the four new networks was carried on the same 5 kHz telco line (3.5 in some cities), the move allowed ABC to have as many as four affiliates in one city, a major competitive advantage and a dramatic turning point in the history of network radio.^{[citation needed]} However, the FCC insisted that there be no overlap of any ABC network broadcast in a single market, and the network required affiliates to get approval before any delayed broadcast of network programming.^[6] The new networks were launched on January 1, 1968.^[5]

Two additional networks, ABC Rock Network and ABC Direction Network, were added on January 4, 1982. ABC Rock's anchor affiliate was WPLJ in New York City, and many album-oriented rock-formatted stations moved from the American FM Network, with a total of 40 affiliates. Executives in charge of ABC Rock at the launch were vice president Tom Plant and program director Denise Oliver. The Direction Network was under ABC Entertainment Network's executive's charge, was for adult (25–45) format stations, and started with 57 affiliates.^[7]

ABC Radio acquired Watermark Inc., best known as the syndicator of American Top 40 with Casey Kasem and American Country Countdown with Bob Kingsley, in 1982. Kasem left ABC in 1988, reclaiming the American Top 40 name from ABC in 1998, and selling the AT40 brand to AMFM Radio Networks (later absorbed into Premiere Networks). Kingsley left ABC in 2005, and 'ACC' continues to air as part of the ABC stable, with Kix Brooks as host since 2006. Dick Bartley joined the network in 1991 with the AT40 spinoff American Gold and his live Saturday night call-in oldies show, before leaving at the end of March 2009.

ABC launched a foray into talk radio with ABC Talkradio (similar to rival NBC's Talknet) in 1982. Among its most notable hosts were Michael Jackson, Owen Spann, Toni Grant and Ray Briem. In 1987, an adjunctive network internally known as "ABC Radio Talk" was launched to wrest some programming control away from local ABC station KABC in Los Angeles. Tom Snyder and Barry Farber were featured on this secondary network, following a notable three-hour guest appearance by Snyder on Ray Briem's program. However, the rising popularity of conservative talk radio, fueled by The Rush Limbaugh Show, led to the main network's demise. Limbaugh had been picked to replace Owen Spann on the main ABC Talkradio network after Spann was forced to retire due to medical issues. This occurred when former ABC executive Ed McLaughlin purchased Spann's former weekday slot with the idea of giving Limbaugh a national platform following his initial success on KFBK in Sacramento.

After Tom Snyder's retirement in 1992, ABC ostensibly filled his weeknight slot with Leslie Marshall, at the time the youngest syndicated host ever, while most major affiliates instead picked up Limbaugh. ABC's national talk programming efforts ended shortly thereafter, though one program from the original Talkradio/Weekend network, Bob Brinker's Moneytalk, remained on the air until 2018.

ABC acquired the Satellite Music Network, the first satellite-delivered music radio network, and its nine channels of programming in 1989. The division continues to operate semi-autonomously as Cumulus Music Radio at Cumulus's Dallas-Fort Worth cluster.

ESPN Radio Network was formed in September 1991 by both ESPN Inc. and Capital Cities/ABC, Inc.'s ABC Radio Networks^[8] and launched as Sports Radio ESPN on January 1, 1992.^[9] Radio Disney was test-launched on November 18, 1996, in four markets by ABC Radio Networks, with a Los Angeles station added on August 26, 1997.^[10]

The ABCRadio.com logo used on 22 ABC O&O stations' Web sites before merger with Citadel Broadcasting

ABC again began building a talk network, this time with an emphasis on political talk, in 2001. Among the first hosts heard on the new ABC talk network were Sam Donaldson of ABC News television, Sean Hannity of WABC, Larry Elder of KABC, and John Batchelor of WABC. Donaldson left his show after a short time. Mark Levin was added in 2005 and eventually replaced Elder in 2007, and Mark Davis of WBAP had a brief syndication run on the network in 2005. Rush Limbaugh's program was not part of this network; following a series of mergers in the 1990s, Ed McLaughlin's company, EFM, was absorbed into Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia).

Hannity has been the most successful, displacing Laura Schlessinger as the most popular host in the time slot within a few years (especially on the East Coast); the network shared the program with Premiere Radio Networks from 2008 to 2013 before Premiere took over the program entirely beginning in 2014.

Sale to Citadel

In 2005, ABC began to explore the sale of its radio division. The two leading competitors for the purchase of the network, which included twenty-two of ABC Radio's top stations, as well as ABC's talk and music networks, were Bala Cynwyd-based Entercom Communications and Forstmann Little & Company's Citadel Broadcasting unit. Citadel was chosen as the top bidder and the deal to purchase the stations and the network was struck in February 2006.^[11]

The deal did not include Radio Disney, ESPN Radio (or its Spanish counterpart, ESPN Deportes Radio), any of the five ESPN Radio stations (or the myriad of Radio Disney stations) Disney owned at the time, or any of ABC's television assets (the ABC name, which also remained in Disney's hands, would be licensed to Citadel for two years). Disney's ABC News unit will also still produce ABC News Radio programming for distribution by Citadel.^[12] Despite the change in ownership, Citadel Media still listed "ESPN Radio" & "ESPN Deportes" as part of its advertising sales family.^[13]

The acquisition of ABC Radio by Citadel Broadcasting was officially completed on June 12, 2007^[14] and the "ABC Radio Networks" logo was licensed from Disney until April 2, 2009.

Shortly after the announcement of the ABC/Citadel merger, the "FM" network was reactivated. It now provides an hourly, two-minute newscast, similar in format to when the network formerly operated. Those newscasts carry the on-air brand "ABC News Now".^[15]

Citadel Media

Logo as Citadel Media, used from April 2009 through September 2011

On April 2, 2009, the staff at Citadel Broadcasting changed the branding of this network from ABC Radio to "Citadel Media" to reflect its current ownership of a major radio network. However, "ABC News"; and its programming/satellite format listings would remain.^[16]

Cumulus Media

Cumulus Media absorbed all the assets of Citadel Broadcasting, including Citadel Media in September 2011, and the name change to "Cumulus Media Networks" immediately took effect upon acquisition.^[17] Previously, Citadel turned down previous acquisition offers months after emerging from bankruptcy.

On August 29, 2013, Cumulus Broadcasting purchased Dial Global (Westwood One as of September 4). Cumulus paid $260 million in cash for this programming syndication service, part of which has paid off Dial's debt before it was folded into this network service. Cumulus funded the sale by making a pair of station deals with Townsquare Media.^[18]

On July 31, 2014, Cumulus acquired the rights to CNN's content to distribute to radio stations (the company had held CNN radio rights since its acquisition of Dial Global, but CNN had not produced any radio content since April 2012). The newly acquired Westwood One network would distribute the content, allowing stations to use it with their branding. As an example, Cumulus stated that its "Nash"-branded country stations would run the content under the "Nash News" name.^[19] The programming deal started on January 1, 2015, when its broadcasting rights to ABC's news division expired. ABC relaunched an entirely new ABC Radio network (known as ABC Audio as of 2019).^[20] ABC Audio renewed its affiliation with most of the Cumulus stations in 2020 when Westwood One made the decision to fold its news division.^[21]

The merger of Cumulus Media Networks into Westwood One was completed in mid-2015.^[22]

Programming

Satellite formats

In 1989, ABC Radio Networks acquired the Satellite Music Network which originally started in Chicago. Full-time music formats operated by ABC Radio, Citadel Media and Cumulus Media include the following:

Former networks

Former stations

From the very beginning of its broadcast days until the 2007 sale of the original ABC Radio, Inc. to Citadel Broadcasting and then subsequently to Cumulus Media, and again until 2015, when Radio Disney discontinued terrestrial broadcast service—with the exception of KRDC in Los Angeles, Disney/ABC owned and/or operated several radio stations in numerous markets, big and small. ABC also owned and operated several radio formats and networks, mostly during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.

ABC Radio stations

AM Station	FM Station

City of license / Market	Station	Years owned	Current ownership
New York, NY	WJZ/WABC 770	1945–2007	Red Apple Media (John Catsimatidis)
New York, NY	WJZ-FM/WABC-FM/WPLJ 95.5	1948–2007	Educational Media Foundation
Los Angeles, CA	KMPC/KTZN/KDIS/KSPN 710	1995–2022	Good Karma Brands
	KECA/KABC 790	1945–2007	Cumulus Media
	KECA-FM/KABC-FM/KLOS 95.5	1947–2007	Meruelo Group
Chicago, IL	WENR 890	1945–1954	Defunct, merged into WLS in 1954
	WLS 890	1954–2007	Cumulus Media
	WENR-FM/WLS-FM/WDAI/ WRCK-FM/WYTZ/WKXK/ WXCD/WZZN 94.7	1948–2007	WLS-FM, owned by Cumulus Media
San Francisco, CA	KSFO 560	1995–2007	Cumulus Media
	KGO 810	1945–2007	Cumulus Media
	KGO-FM/KSFX/KLOK-FM 103.7	1947–1984	KOSF, owned by iHeartMedia
Dallas–Fort Worth, TX	WBAP 820	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	KSCS 96.3	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	KTYS 96.7	1998–2007	KTCK-FM, owned by Cumulus Media
Houston–Galveston, TX	KXYZ 1320	1968–1979	iHeartMedia
Houston–Galveston, TX	KXYZ-FM/KAUM/KSRR 96.5	1968–1986	KHMX, owned by Audacy, Inc.
Washington, D.C.	WMAL 630	1977–2007	WSBN, owned by Cumulus Media
	WJZW 105.9	1997–2007	WMAL-FM, owned by Cumulus Media
	WMAL-FM/WRQX 107.3	1977–2007	WLVW, owned by Educational Media Foundation
Atlanta, GA	WKHX/WDWD 590	1986–2015	Salem Media Group
	WKHX-FM 101.5	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	WYAY 106.7	1993–2007	WAKL, owned by Educational Media Foundation
Detroit, MI–Windsor, ON	WJR 760	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	WXYZ 1270	1946–1984	WXYT, owned by Audacy, Inc.
	WDRQ 93.1	1997–2007	WUFL, owned by Family Life Radio
	WHYT/WPLT/WDVD 96.3	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	WXYZ-FM/WRIF 101.1	1948–1986	Beasley Broadcast Group
Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN	KQRS/KDIZ 1440	1986–2015	KYCR, owned by Salem Media Group
	KQRS-FM 92.5	1986–2007	Cumulus Media
	KXXR 93.7	1994–2007	Cumulus Media
	WGVX 105.1	1997–2007	Cumulus Media
Pittsburgh, PA	KQV 1410	1957–1974	Calvary, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA	KQV-FM/WDVE 102.5	1962–1974	iHeartMedia
Providence, RI–New Bedford, MA	WPRO 630	1986–1993	Cumulus Media
Providence, RI–New Bedford, MA	WPRO-FM 92.3	1986–1993	Cumulus Media
Toledo–Fremont, OH	WFRO 900	2002–2004	Defunct, ceased operations in 2004

Radio Disney stations

AM Station	FM Station

City of license / Market	Station	Years owned	Current ownership
New York, NY	WQEW 1560	2007–2015	WFME, owned by Family Radio
Los Angeles, CA	KSPN/KDIS/KRDC 1110	2000–2023	KWVE, owned by Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa
Chicago, IL	WRDZ 1300	1999–2015	Polnet Communications
Chicago, IL	WPJX 1500	1998–2002	Polnet Communications
San Francisco, CA	KMKY 1310	1997–2015	Akal Broadcasting
Dallas–Fort Worth, TX	KMKI 620	1998–2015	KTNO, owned by Salem Media Group
Houston–Galveston, TX	KMIC 1590	1999–2015	DAIJ Media, LLC
Atlanta, GA	WKHX/WDWD 590	1986–2015	Salem Media Group
Philadelphia, PA	WWJZ 640	1999–2015	Relevant Radio
Boston, MA	WMKI 1260	2000–2015	WBIX, owned by International Grace of God Church
Miami–Fort Lauderdale, FL	WMYM 990	1999–2015	Actualidad Radio Group
Detroit, MI–Windsor, ON	WFDF 910	2002–2015	Adell Broadcasting
Seattle–Tacoma, WA	KKDZ 1250	1998–2015	Akal Broadcasting Corporation
Phoenix, AZ	KMIK 1580	1998–2015	KQFN, owned by CRC Broadcasting Company, Inc.
Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN	KQRS/KDIZ 1440	1986–2015	KYCR, owned by Salem Media Group
Denver, CO	KDDZ 1690	1998–2015	KDMT, owned by Salem Media Group
Tampa–St. Petersburg, FL	WWMI 1380	1999–2015	Salem Media Group
St. Louis, MO	WSDZ 1260	1998–2015	Salem Media Group
Portland–Salem, OR–Vancouver, WA	KDZR 1640	2003–2015	Salem Media Group
Charlotte, NC	WGFY 1480	2000–2015	Charlotte Advent Media Corporation
San Antonio, TX	KRDY 1160	2003–2014	Salem Media Group
Pittsburgh, PA	WEAE/WDDZ 1250	1999–2015	WPGP, owned by Salem Media Group
Sacramento, CA	KIID 1470	2000–2015	Punjabi American Media
Salt Lake City, UT	KWDZ 910	2003–2015	Defunct, ceased operations in 2017
Orlando, FL	WDYZ 990	2001–2015	WTLN, owned by Salem Media Group
Cleveland, OH	WWMK 1260	1998–2015	WCCR, owned by St. Peter the Rock Media, Inc.
Indianapolis, IN	WRDZ-FM 98.3	2003–2015	WZRL, owned by iHeartMedia
Milwaukee, WI	WKSH 1640	2002–2014	WSJP, owned by Relevant Radio
Providence, RI–New Bedford, MA	WDDZ 550	2001–2010	WSJW, owned by Relevant Radio
Norfolk, VA	WHKT 1650	2002–2010	Chesapeake-Portsmouth Broadcasting Corp.
Greensboro–Winston-Salem, NC	WCOG 1320	2005–2010	Curtis Media Group
West Palm Beach, FL	WMNE 1600	2000–2010	WPOM, owned by Caribbean Media Group
Jacksonville, FL	WBWL 600	2002–2010	WBOB, owned by Chesapeake-Portsmouth Broadcasting Corp.
New Orleans, LA	WBYU 1450	2003–2011	Defunct, ceased operations in 2011
Hartford–New Haven, CT	WDZK 1550	2000–2010	WSDK, owned by Blount Communications
Richmond, VA	WDZY 1290	2000–2013	Richmond Christian Radio
Louisville, KY	WDRD 680	2002–2010	WHBE, owned by UB Louisville, LLC
Tulsa, OK	KMUS 1380	2003–2011	Radio Las Americas, LLC
Albany–Schenectady–Troy, NY	WDDY 1460	2002–2014	WOPG, owned by Pax et Bonum, Inc.
Albuquerque–Santa Fe, NM	KALY 1240	2003–2010	KDSK, owned by KD Radio, Inc.
Wichita–Hutchinson, KS	KQAM 1480	2002–2010	Steckline Communications
Little Rock–Pine Bluff, AR	KDIS-FM 99.5	2003–2014	Salem Media Group

References

^ The New York Times, February 10, 1953
^ "The History of WLS Radio!". www.wlshistory.com.
^ JFK Assassination: First Radio Network Bulletin on YouTube
^ "ABC REVAMPS FOR 4 FORMATS" (PDF). Billboard. September 2, 1967. p. 8. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "600 stations set for new ABC" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 1, 1968. pp. 42–44. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ "ABC Radio plans get FCC's qualified OK" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 1, 1968. pp. 44–45. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ "New Lineups For ABC Networks" (PDF). Billboard. January 16, 1982. p. 21. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ "ESPN, ABC Planning to Form Sports Radio Network in 1992". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. September 5, 1991. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ Zumoff, Marc; Negin, Max (June 20, 2014). Total Sportscasting: Performance, Production, and Career Development. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1317906766. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ Hochman, Steve (August 27, 1997). "Radio Disney Makes L.A. Debut". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
^ "Citadel to Buy Most of Disney Radio Assets," The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2006.
^ "ABC Radio to Merge with Citadel Broadcasting." Official press release. February 6, 2006.
^ List of radio services Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine from CitadelMediaNetworks.com
^ "Disney and Citadel Announce Completion of ABC Radio Merger" Official Press Release. June 12, 2007
^ "ABC News Now Home Page". www.abcfmnews.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
^ ABC Radio Networks Changes Name To Citadel Media - Citadel Media (released April 2, 2009)
^ "Cumulus will be digesting Citadel fast, once it takes over in late Q3". Radio-Info.com. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on March 18, 2011.
^ Cumulus Makes Dial Global And Townsquare Deals Official - Radio Insight (released August 30, 2013)
^ Cumulus/WestwoodOne To Establish CNN Powered News Service Radio Insight (Published July 31, 2014)
^ ABC Radio to Expand Operations Radio Insight (Published August 7, 2014)
^ "ABC Audio Announces Addition of 124 New Cumulus Affiliates". November 3, 2020.
^ "A 'Significant Number' Of People Laid Off At Westwood One". allaccess.com.

[1] The New York Times, February 10, 1953

[2] "The History of WLS Radio!". www.wlshistory.com.

[3] JFK Assassination: First Radio Network Bulletin on YouTube

[4] "ABC REVAMPS FOR 4 FORMATS" (PDF). Billboard. September 2, 1967. p. 8. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[bc-5] "600 stations set for new ABC" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 1, 1968. pp. 42–44. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[6] "ABC Radio plans get FCC's qualified OK" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 1, 1968. pp. 44–45. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[7] "New Lineups For ABC Networks" (PDF). Billboard. January 16, 1982. p. 21. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[lat-8] "ESPN, ABC Planning to Form Sports Radio Network in 1992". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. September 5, 1991. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[9] Zumoff, Marc; Negin, Max (June 20, 2014). Total Sportscasting: Performance, Production, and Career Development. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1317906766. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[10] Hochman, Steve (August 27, 1997). "Radio Disney Makes L.A. Debut". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2016.

[wsj_citadel_abc-11] "Citadel to Buy Most of Disney Radio Assets," The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2006.

[disney_merge_pr-12] "ABC Radio to Merge with Citadel Broadcasting." Official press release. February 6, 2006.

[thelist-13] List of radio services Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine from CitadelMediaNetworks.com

[merger_complete-14] "Disney and Citadel Announce Completion of ABC Radio Merger" Official Press Release. June 12, 2007

[15] "ABC News Now Home Page". www.abcfmnews.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2007.

[16] ABC Radio Networks Changes Name To Citadel Media - Citadel Media (released April 2, 2009)

[17] "Cumulus will be digesting Citadel fast, once it takes over in late Q3". Radio-Info.com. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on March 18, 2011.

[18] Cumulus Makes Dial Global And Townsquare Deals Official - Radio Insight (released August 30, 2013)

[19] Cumulus/WestwoodOne To Establish CNN Powered News Service Radio Insight (Published July 31, 2014)

[20] ABC Radio to Expand Operations Radio Insight (Published August 7, 2014)

[21] "ABC Audio Announces Addition of 124 New Cumulus Affiliates". November 3, 2020.

[22] "A 'Significant Number' Of People Laid Off At Westwood One". allaccess.com.

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v t e Cumulus Media
AM radio stations	KAAY KABC KAOK KARN KBED KBGG KBOI KCMO KCSF KCUB KESP KFAY KFOG KFRU KGO KIKR KKAT KKOB KKOH KLIF KLIK KMAJ KMJ KNBR KNML KPUR KRMD KSFO KTBL KTCK KTCT KTIK KTOP KTUC KUGN KVOR KWPN KYNG WAAV WAPI WARM WAYS WBAP WBBF WBBW WCOA WDUZ¹ WFAS WFNC WFTW WGOC WGOK WGOW WGPC WHGB WHLD WICC WISW WJBC WJCW WJOX WJR WJRW WKY WLAW WLBY WLS WLWI WLZR WMAC WMSP WNAM WNML WOSH WPIC WPRO WPRV WRQX WRIE WSBA WSBN WSKO WSSO WTKA WTMA WTRX WUMP WVEL WVLK WVNN WWCK WXLM WXNT WXOK WXQW WXSM WYMB WYNN
FM radio stations	K279BI KAMO-FM KARN-FM KARX KATC-FM KATM KATT-FM KAYD-FM KBBM KBBQ-FM KBBY-FM KBCY KBEE KBER KBIU KBOI-FM KBUL-FM KBXR KCDD KCFX KCHZ KCJK KCMO-FM KDJK KDRF KDVV KEHK KENZ KGGO KHAY KHKI KHKK KHOP KHTB KHXS KHYT KIIM-FM KIPR KIZN KJJY KJMO KJOY KKEG KKFM KKGB KKGL KKMG KKND KKOB-FM KKPK KKWD KLAL KLUR KMAJ-FM KMCK-FM KMEZ KMGA KMGV KMJ-FM KMJJ-FM KMJK KNBR-FM KNEK-FM KNEV KNRQ KNSH KOBQ KOLI KOMS KOQL KPLA KPLX KPUR-FM KQFC KQHN KQIZ-FM KQLK KQRS-FM KQSM-FM KQXC-FM KQXL-FM KQXY-FM KRBE KRMD-FM KRMW KRRQ KRST KRUZ KSAN KSCS KSKS KSMB KSZR KTCK-FM KTCX KTLT KTOP-FM KUBL-FM KUJZ KURB KVMA-FM KVYB KWIC KWIN KWNN KWQW KWYE KWYL KXKC KXXR KYIS KYKZ KYYI KZEL-FM KZJF KZRK-FM WABD WAOA-FM WAQX-FM WARM-FM WBAP-FM WBHD WBHT WBLX-FM WBNQ WBSX WBWN WBZE WBZF WCMG WCTO WDAI WDEN-FM WDLT-FM WDUZ-FM¹ WDVD WDZZ-FM WEAN-FM WEAS-FM WEBE WEDG WEMX WFBE WFMS WFTK WFYR WGFX WGKX WGLF WGLO WGNI WGOW-FM WGRF WGRR WGVX WHBX WHHY-FM WHKR WHNN WHOT-FM WHRP WHTS WHTT-FM WILZ WIOG WIOV-FM WIVK-FM WIWF WIXO WIXV WJBC-FM WJCL-FM WJEZ WJJK WJOX-FM WJQX WJTQ WKDF WKHX-FM WKIM WKKO WKLQ WKOR-FM WKOS WKQX WKQZ WKRU WKSM WKXS-FM WLAV-FM WLAW-FM WLCS WLEV WLFF WLLF WLS-FM WLTO WLUP WLWI-FM WLXC WLXX WLZN WMAL-FM WMDH-FM WMEZ WMGB WMGL WMGS WMGU WMIM WMNX WMOS³ WMXS WMXT WMXU WNCV WNDX WNKT WNML-FM WNMQ WNNF WNNK-FM WNNX WNTQ WNTR WOFX-FM WOGB¹ WOGT WOKI WOMG WORC-FM WPEZ WPKR WPRO-FM WQGN-FM WQHZ WQKL WQLH¹ WQPD WQQK WQQO WQSM WQUT WQXA-FM WQXK WRBO WRCQ WRKN WROK-FM WRQN WRQQ WRRM WRRX WSEA WSJR WSKZ WSM-FM WSMS WSOX WSSX-FM WSYN WTCB WTNR WTPA-FM WTYB WUHT WVBO WVIB WVLK-FM WVNN-FM WWCK-FM WWFF-FM WWFN-FM WWFX WWIZ WWKI WWKL WWKX WWLD WWLI WWLS-FM WWWM WWQQ-FM WWSN WWTN WWWQ WWWW-FM WWWX WWWZ WXBM-FM WXFX WXKC WXKR WXKR-HD2/W264AK WXLO WXMX WXTA WXZZ WYFM WYNN-FM WYZB WZNS WZPL WZPW WZRH WZRR WZYP
Radio networks	Arkansas Radio Network CBS Sports Radio* Titans Radio Network Westwood One (see navpage)
Online assets	Country Weekly iHeartRadio¹
Television-related assets	Nash TV
Other assets	Broadcast Software International CumulusJobs.com San Francisco Giants (minority interest in LP)
See also	Citadel Broadcasting Cumulus Media Networks Susquehanna Radio Corporation
¹ = Owned by iHeartMedia; operated by Cumulus under an LMA. ³ = Operated by the Mohegan Sun under an LMA. * = Owned by Paramount Global, operated by Cumulus.