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{{Short description|Species of mammal}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Bornean bearded pig
| name = Bornean bearded pig
| status = VU
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessor=Kawanishi, K.|assessor2=Gumal, M.|assessor3=Oliver, W.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=41772|title=Sus barbatus|downloaded=5 April 2009}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable.</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn | author1 = Luskin, M. | author2 = Ke, A. | author3 = Meijaard, E. | author4 = Gumal, M. | author5 = Kawanishi, K. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Sus barbatus'' | page = e.T41772A123793370 | year = 2017 | access-date = 23 May 2021}}</ref>
| image = Bornean Bearded Pig at Bako National Park, Borneo.jpg
| image = Bornean Bearded Pig at Bako National Park, Borneo.jpg
| image_caption = Bearded [[pig]] at [[Bako National Park]], [[Borneo]]
| image_caption = Male
| image2 = Bearded Pigs (Sus barbatus) female with youngs (8220051061).jpg
| image2 =
| image2_caption = Female and juveniles<br>Both photographed at [[Bako National Park]], [[Sarawak]]
| image2_caption =
| fossil_range = Middle [[Pleistocene]]-[[Holocene|Present]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=K. Suraprasit, J.-J. Jaegar, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, C. Yamee, P. Tian, and S. Panha|title=The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications|journal=ZooKeys|date=2016|issue=613 |pages=1–157|doi=10.3897/zookeys.613.8309|pmid=27667928 |pmc=5027644 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016ZooK..613....1S }}</ref>
| taxon = Sus barbatus
| taxon = Sus barbatus
| authority = [[Salomon Müller|Müller]], 1838
| authority = [[Salomon Müller|S. Müller]], 1838
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision =
| subdivision = ''S. b. barbatus''<br/>
''Sus barbatus oi''<br/>
''S. b. oi''
''Sus barbatus barbatus''
| synonyms = ''Chaetorhinus barbatus''
| range_map = Range_Sus_barbatus.png
}}
}}


The '''Bornean bearded pig''' ('''''Sus barbatus'''''), also known as the '''Sunda bearded pig''' or simply '''bearded pig''', is a [[species]] in the pig genus, ''[[Sus (genus)|Sus]]''.<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Grubb| id = 14200038}}</ref>


It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found in [[Southeast Asia]]—[[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]], the [[Malay Peninsula]], and various smaller islands like in [[Sulu archipelago]] such as [[Tawi-Tawi]], where it inhabits [[rainforest]]s and [[mangrove]] forests. The bearded pig lives in a family. It can reproduce from the age of 18 months, and can be [[cross-breeding|cross-bred]] with other species in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Suidae]].
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{{Artiodactyla|S.}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}


==Subspecies==
[[File:Beardedpigskull.jpg|thumb|[[Skull]]]]

The two [[subspecies]] of this pig are:<ref name=msw3/>
*''S. b. barbatus'' (the [[nominate subspecies]])
*''S. b. oi'' (western bearded pig)

As traditionally defined, the nominate is from Borneo. The species is widely ranging in Borneo. It is also found in Tawi-Tawi province at the tip of the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, although this population possibly has been extirpated,<ref name=iucn/> and ''S. b. oi'' is from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. [[Genetics|Genetic]] evidence suggests this is incorrect, and ''S. b. oi'' is better limited to Sumatra, leaving bearded pigs from both Borneo and the Malay Peninsula in the nominate subspecies.<ref name=taxonomy2005>Lucchini, Meijaard, Diong, Groves and Randi (2005). ''New phylogenetic perspectives among species of South-east Asian wild pig (Sus sp.) based on mtDNA sequences and morphometric data.'' J. Zool., Lond. 266: 25–35</ref> Those from [[Bangka Island]] appear somewhat intermediate between the two subspecies.<ref name=taxonomy2005/>

The [[Palawan bearded pig]] (''Sus ahoenobarbus'') has formerly been considered a subspecies of the bearded pig. However, as indicated by its genetic and morphological distinctness, under the [[phylogenetic species concept]] (which does not use subspecies) it needs to be elevated to full species status; while the situation is less clear under other [[species concept]]s (as not all ''S. barbatus'' populations have been restudied in modern times), the presently available information seems to favor full species status for ''S. ahoenobarbus'' in any case.<ref name=taxonomy2005/>

==In captivity==
The [[San Diego Zoo]] was the first zoo in the [[Western Hemisphere]] to breed them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/wild-swine-pig-and-hog |title=San Diego Zoo Website |access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref>

As of January 2016, it was held in the [[London Zoo]], [[Berlin Zoo]], [[Gladys Porter Zoo]], [[National Zoo of Malaysia]] (Zoo Negara), [[Zoo Taiping]], [[Night Safari]], and [[Southwick's Zoo]].<ref>[[International Species Information System|ISIS]] (2011). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100706031133/http://app.isis.org/abstracts/Abs76949.asp#2.0 Sus barbatus.]'' Version 12 January 2011</ref> The animals at Hellabrunn Zoo were euthanized in 2017 because of old age,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoochat.com/community/media/bornean-bearded-pig.365555/ |title=ZooChat |access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref> and there is only one male left at the Berlin Zoo. Three individuals (one castrated male and two females) left at [[London Zoo]]<ref name=zootierliste>{{Cite web |url=http://zootierliste.de/en/?klasse=1&ordnung=121&familie=12101&art=1160101 |title=Zootierliste Homepage |access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref> and one individual left at [[Gladys Porter Zoo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoochat.com/community/media/last-bornean-bearded-pig-in-aza.324222/ |title= ZooChat Gallery, Last Bornean Bearded Pig in AZA |access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref> and the individuals were replaced by [[red river hog]]s in Southwick's Zoo as of 2017, which means that the species will likely disappear soon from European and American zoos.

The death of Neo, the last Bornean bearded pig held in Europe, was announced by Berlin zoo via Facebook on 28 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maierhoefer |first1=Michael |title=Zoo Berlin: Visitors mourn - death hits the zoo right in the heart |url=https://www.berlin-live.de/freizeit/erlebnisse/zoo-berlin-todesfall-neo-borneo-bartschwein-trauer-a-id139174.html |access-date=29 February 2024 |date=29 February 2024}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Bartschwein Sus barbatus Tierpark Hellabrunn-6.jpg|At the [[Hellabrunn Zoo]] in [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
File:Wild Boar at San Diego Zoo.jpg|At the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[United States]] of America
File:Bearded Pigs2.jpg|Bearded pigs at Philadelphia zoo
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Sus barbatus}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Sus barbatus}}
* Groves, C. P. (1997). "Taxonomy of wild pigs (Sus) of the Philippines". ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 120: 163–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01277.x [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01277.x/abstract Abstract] (full article requires subscription access)
* ''[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sus_barbatus.html Sus barbatus]'' by Nicole Knibbe in [[University of Michigan]] Museum of Zoology
* [https://archive.today/20070622190058/http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/pphsg/APchap5-5.htm Pigs, Peccaries and Hippos Status Survey and Action Plan (1993)] Chapter 5.5 by Julian O. Caldecott, Raleigh A. Blouch and Alastair A. Macdonald.

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{{Artiodactyla|S.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q809606}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q809606}}


[[Category:Pigs]]
[[Category:Sus (genus)]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1838]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1838]]
[[Category:Mammals of Borneo]]
[[Category:Mammals of Borneo]]

Latest revision as of 04:46, 7 October 2024

Bornean bearded pig
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene-Present[1]
Male
Female and juveniles
Both photographed at Bako National Park, Sarawak
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Genus: Sus
Species:
S. barbatus
Binomial name
Sus barbatus
Subspecies

S. b. barbatus
S. b. oi

Synonyms

Chaetorhinus barbatus

The Bornean bearded pig (Sus barbatus), also known as the Sunda bearded pig or simply bearded pig, is a species in the pig genus, Sus.[3]

It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found in Southeast Asia—Sumatra, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and various smaller islands like in Sulu archipelago such as Tawi-Tawi, where it inhabits rainforests and mangrove forests. The bearded pig lives in a family. It can reproduce from the age of 18 months, and can be cross-bred with other species in the family Suidae.

Subspecies

[edit]
Skull

The two subspecies of this pig are:[3]

As traditionally defined, the nominate is from Borneo. The species is widely ranging in Borneo. It is also found in Tawi-Tawi province at the tip of the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, although this population possibly has been extirpated,[2] and S. b. oi is from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Genetic evidence suggests this is incorrect, and S. b. oi is better limited to Sumatra, leaving bearded pigs from both Borneo and the Malay Peninsula in the nominate subspecies.[4] Those from Bangka Island appear somewhat intermediate between the two subspecies.[4]

The Palawan bearded pig (Sus ahoenobarbus) has formerly been considered a subspecies of the bearded pig. However, as indicated by its genetic and morphological distinctness, under the phylogenetic species concept (which does not use subspecies) it needs to be elevated to full species status; while the situation is less clear under other species concepts (as not all S. barbatus populations have been restudied in modern times), the presently available information seems to favor full species status for S. ahoenobarbus in any case.[4]

In captivity

[edit]

The San Diego Zoo was the first zoo in the Western Hemisphere to breed them.[5]

As of January 2016, it was held in the London Zoo, Berlin Zoo, Gladys Porter Zoo, National Zoo of Malaysia (Zoo Negara), Zoo Taiping, Night Safari, and Southwick's Zoo.[6] The animals at Hellabrunn Zoo were euthanized in 2017 because of old age,[7] and there is only one male left at the Berlin Zoo. Three individuals (one castrated male and two females) left at London Zoo[8] and one individual left at Gladys Porter Zoo[9] and the individuals were replaced by red river hogs in Southwick's Zoo as of 2017, which means that the species will likely disappear soon from European and American zoos.

The death of Neo, the last Bornean bearded pig held in Europe, was announced by Berlin zoo via Facebook on 28 February 2024.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ K. Suraprasit, J.-J. Jaegar, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, C. Yamee, P. Tian, and S. Panha (2016). "The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications". ZooKeys (613): 1–157. Bibcode:2016ZooK..613....1S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. PMC 5027644. PMID 27667928.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Luskin, M.; Ke, A.; Meijaard, E.; Gumal, M. & Kawanishi, K. (2017). "Sus barbatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41772A123793370. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b Grubb, P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ a b c Lucchini, Meijaard, Diong, Groves and Randi (2005). New phylogenetic perspectives among species of South-east Asian wild pig (Sus sp.) based on mtDNA sequences and morphometric data. J. Zool., Lond. 266: 25–35
  5. ^ "San Diego Zoo Website". Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  6. ^ ISIS (2011). Sus barbatus. Version 12 January 2011
  7. ^ "ZooChat". Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  8. ^ "Zootierliste Homepage". Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  9. ^ "ZooChat Gallery, Last Bornean Bearded Pig in AZA". Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  10. ^ Maierhoefer, Michael (29 February 2024). "Zoo Berlin: Visitors mourn - death hits the zoo right in the heart". Retrieved 29 February 2024.
[edit]
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