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{{short description|River valley in Lancashire, England}} |
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{{Redirect|Rossendale|the local government district|Borough of Rossendale|the constituency|Rossendale (UK Parliament constituency)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} |
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{{Infobox protected area |
{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = Rossendale Valley |
| name = Rossendale Valley |
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| photo = Stone slab fence - geograph.org.uk - 293756.jpg |
| photo = Stone slab fence - geograph.org.uk - 293756.jpg |
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| photo_alt = The Rawtenstall end of the valley |
| photo_alt = The Rawtenstall end of the valley |
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| photo_caption = The Rawtenstall end of the valley |
| photo_caption = The Rawtenstall end of the valley |
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| photo_width |
| photo_width = |
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| iucn_category |
| iucn_category = |
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| map = Lancashire#United Kingdom Borough of Rossendale |
| map = Lancashire#United Kingdom Borough of Rossendale |
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| map_alt = Rossendale Valley shown within Lancashire |
| map_alt = Rossendale Valley shown within Lancashire |
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| map_caption = Location within Lancashire##Location within Rossendale |
| map_caption = Location within Lancashire##Location within Rossendale |
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| relief = yes |
| relief = yes |
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| location = [[Borough of Rossendale|Rossendale |
| location = [[Borough of Rossendale|Rossendale, Lancashire]] |
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| nearest_city = [[Manchester]], England |
| nearest_city = [[Manchester]], England |
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| coordinates = {{coord|53.698|N|2.281|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|53.698|N|2.281|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |
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| coords_ref = <ref>[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getoutside/local/rossendale-valley-rossendale Ordnance Survey]</ref> |
| coords_ref = <ref>[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getoutside/local/rossendale-valley-rossendale Ordnance Survey]</ref> |
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| established |
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The '''Rossendale Valley''' |
The '''Rossendale Valley''' is in the [[Borough of Rossendale|Rossendale]] area of [[Lancashire]], England, between the [[West Pennine Moors]] and the main range of the [[Pennines]]. The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the [[River Irwell]] and its [[tributary|tributaries]] (between [[Rawtenstall]] and [[Bacup]]), which flow southwards into [[Greater Manchester]]. The rivers cut through the [[moorland]] of the Rossendale Hills, generally characterized by open unwooded land, despite the ancient designation of "forest".<ref name=Irwell>{{Citation|url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/landscape/landscapecharacass/charcarea8.asp|title=Settled Valleys Irwell|publisher=Lancashire County Council|access-date=26 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415144416/http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/landscape/landscapecharacass/charcarea8.asp|archive-date=15 April 2014}}</ref> |
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The Valley is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency. [[Jake Berry]] has been the Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen since 2010. |
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One of the earliest sites of historical interest in the valley is that of the dykes at [[Broadclough]], which are associated with the [[Battle of Brunanburh]]. |
One of the earliest sites of historical interest in the valley is that of the dykes at [[Broadclough]], which are associated with the [[Battle of Brunanburh]]. |
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In late [[Middle Ages]], the valley was part of the [[Royal forest|Royal]] '''Forest of Rossendale'''. Initial settlement would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and encroachment into the forest would have developed them into small hamlets.<ref name=Irwell/> Rossendale was governed by a constable nominated by principal landowners who held the position of "The Greave of The Forrest" which after 1515 became a quasi-hereditary position held by the Whitacker family at the only ancient hall in the district: Broadclough Hall.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google. |
In late [[Middle Ages]], the valley was part of the [[Royal forest|Royal]] '''Forest of Rossendale'''. The original medieval meaning of 'forest' was similar to a ‘preserve’, for example land that is legally kept for specific purposes such as royal hunting. So ‘forests’ were areas large enough to support species such as wolves and deer for game hunting and they encompassed other habitats such as heaths, open grassland and farmland, so not necessarily extensively wooded.<ref>Woodland Trust blog/2018/03/difference-between-wood-and-forest</ref> Initial settlement would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and encroachment into the forest would have developed them into small hamlets.<ref name=Irwell/> Rossendale was governed by a constable nominated by principal landowners who held the position of "The Greave of The Forrest" which after 1515 became a quasi-hereditary position held by the Whitacker family at the only ancient hall in the district: Broadclough Hall.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8bJCAQAAMAAJ&q=broadclough+history&pg=PA276 | title=History of the County Palatine and the Ducht of Lancaster | last1=Baines | first1=Edward | year=1836 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In 1507 the land in the Forest of Rossendale was demised to [[copyhold]] farmers and [[St Nicholas |
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| ⚫ | In 1507 the land in the Forest of Rossendale was demised to [[copyhold]] farmers and [[St Nicholas Church, Newchurch|a new church]] was established on the hillside at Seatnaze around 1511, presumably considered a convenient location for the population at that time.<ref name=VCH>{{citation |editor-last1=Farrer |editor-first1=William |editor-last2=Brownbill |editor-first2=John |title=The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster Vol 6 |series=Victoria County History |publisher= – Constable & Co |year=1911 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol6/pp437-441 |pages=437–441|oclc=832215477}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In 1789 an act authorised the construction of new [[Turnpike trust]] roads through the district, connecting [[Bury, Greater Manchester|Bury]] and [[Haslingden]] with [[Blackburn]] and [[Whalley, Lancashire|Whalley]], with a junction at Haslingden to [[Todmorden]] via Oakenheadwood, [[Newchurch, Lancashire|Newchurch]], [[Stacksteads]] and [[Bacup]]. In 1826 the Haslingden and Todmorden trust built another new road along the valley bottom, from Stacksteads through Thrutch, [[Rawtenstall]] and Newhall Hey.<ref>{{citation |author=G. H. Tupling |title=The turnpike trusts of Lancashire |year=1952 | |
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| ⚫ | In 1789 an act authorised the construction of new [[Turnpike trust]] roads through the district, connecting [[Bury, Greater Manchester|Bury]] and [[Haslingden]] with [[Blackburn]] and [[Whalley, Lancashire|Whalley]], with a junction at Haslingden to [[Todmorden]] via Oakenheadwood, [[Newchurch, Lancashire|Newchurch]], [[Stacksteads]] and [[Bacup]]. In 1826 the Haslingden and Todmorden trust built another new road along the valley bottom, from Stacksteads through Thrutch, [[Rawtenstall]] and Newhall Hey.<ref>{{citation |author=G. H. Tupling |title=The turnpike trusts of Lancashire |year=1952 |pages=5, 9}}</ref> By 1848 a number of woollen and [[cotton mill]]s had been established along the river.<ref name=OS1848>{{Cite map |publisher=[[Ordnance Survey]] |title=Lancashire and Furness |series=County Series |scale=1 : 10,560 |edition=1st |year=1848}}</ref> And by the late 19th century it was the valley bottom that had become the population centre.<ref name=VCH/> |
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| ⚫ | In 1889, the short-lived Rossendale Valley Tramways Company was established to operate a route |
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In 2008 a girl called Emilie’s was born and she has lived in rossendale for all her life. A man called count Paul Hutton is known to blow his trumpet nearly ever day and you can here it through the whole valley |
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| ⚫ | In 1889, the short-lived Rossendale Valley Tramways Company was established to operate a route between Bacup and [[Crawshawbooth]] via Rawtenstall. In 1908 the route was taken over by [[Rawtenstall Corporation Tramways]].<ref>{{citation |title=Rossendale Valley Tramways Co Ltd |url=http://lths.lutsociety.org.uk/library/PDF-046-1.pdf |publisher=Local Transport History Society |year=2016 |pages=3–4}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The [[Irwell Valley]] in |
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| ⚫ | The [[Irwell Valley]] in Rossendale is characterised by the steep sided valley of the [[River Irwell]] and its tributaries which dissect the moorland of the Rossendale Hills. In the valley bottom, urban settlements grew up at river crossing points between [[Rawtenstall]] and [[Bacup]] and today form a contiguous urban and industrial development. [[Textile manufacturing|Textile mills]] and chimneys and gritstone [[terraced house]]s are the dominant buildings and roads are concentrated in the narrow valley.<ref name=Irwell/> The river has its source on Deerplay Moor in [[Cliviger]] near [[Burnley]], heading south to Bacup, where it turns to the west past [[Stacksteads]]. The valley narrows at Thrutch, and the Irwell collects [[Whitewell Brook]] shortly afterwards at [[Waterfoot, Lancashire|Waterfoot]]. It flows onward to [[Rawtenstall]] where it is met by [[Limy Water]] and then turns back to the south. Collecting the [[River Ogden]] at [[Irwell Vale]] it continues into [[Greater Manchester]].<ref>{{cite map|title =Blackburn & Burnley |map =103 |year =2006 |scale =1:50,000 |series =Landranger |publisher =Ordnance Survey|edition =C2 |isbn =978-0-319-22829-6}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The |
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| ⚫ | The geology of the area is layers of [[gritstone]], coal and [[Till|glacial deposits]] of sand and gravel. These rocks were cut by fast flowing rivers, the Irwell and its tributaries, to form steep valleys with sides typically {{convert|200|m}} high and a narrow valley floor. Tree cover on the steep slopes includes remnants of ancient woodland but most areas are more recently planted.<ref name=Irwell/> |
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==Culture== |
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Most Rossendalians consider themselves to live in 'The Valley' and this is still locally a commonly used term to describe the district.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} |
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== Notable people == |
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Rossendale Valley is claimed to be home to [[Fairy|fairies]], by a Professor at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]], John Hyatt.<ref>http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/fairies-john-hyatt-rossendale-valley-6909619</ref> |
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<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> |
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> |
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* [[Jeff Whalley]] (1952–2018), professional footballer |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Mountains and hills of Lancashire]] |
[[Category:Mountains and hills of Lancashire]] |
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[[Category:Moorlands of England]] |
[[Category:Moorlands of England]] |
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[[Category:Valleys of Lancashire]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:57, 7 October 2024
| Rossendale Valley | |
|---|---|
 The Rawtenstall end of the valley | |
  Location within Lancashire  Location within Rossendale | |
| Location | Rossendale, Lancashire |
| Nearest city | Manchester, England |
| Coordinates | 53°41′53″N 2°16′52″W / 53.698°N 2.281°W[1] |
The Rossendale Valley is in the Rossendale area of Lancashire, England, between the West Pennine Moors and the main range of the Pennines. The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries (between Rawtenstall and Bacup), which flow southwards into Greater Manchester. The rivers cut through the moorland of the Rossendale Hills, generally characterized by open unwooded land, despite the ancient designation of "forest".[2]
History
[edit]One of the earliest sites of historical interest in the valley is that of the dykes at Broadclough, which are associated with the Battle of Brunanburh.
In late Middle Ages, the valley was part of the Royal Forest of Rossendale. The original medieval meaning of 'forest' was similar to a ‘preserve’, for example land that is legally kept for specific purposes such as royal hunting. So ‘forests’ were areas large enough to support species such as wolves and deer for game hunting and they encompassed other habitats such as heaths, open grassland and farmland, so not necessarily extensively wooded.[3] Initial settlement would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and encroachment into the forest would have developed them into small hamlets.[2] Rossendale was governed by a constable nominated by principal landowners who held the position of "The Greave of The Forrest" which after 1515 became a quasi-hereditary position held by the Whitacker family at the only ancient hall in the district: Broadclough Hall.[4]
In 1507 the land in the Forest of Rossendale was demised to copyhold farmers and a new church was established on the hillside at Seatnaze around 1511, presumably considered a convenient location for the population at that time.[5]
In 1789 an act authorised the construction of new Turnpike trust roads through the district, connecting Bury and Haslingden with Blackburn and Whalley, with a junction at Haslingden to Todmorden via Oakenheadwood, Newchurch, Stacksteads and Bacup. In 1826 the Haslingden and Todmorden trust built another new road along the valley bottom, from Stacksteads through Thrutch, Rawtenstall and Newhall Hey.[6] By 1848 a number of woollen and cotton mills had been established along the river.[7] And by the late 19th century it was the valley bottom that had become the population centre.[5]
In 1889, the short-lived Rossendale Valley Tramways Company was established to operate a route between Bacup and Crawshawbooth via Rawtenstall. In 1908 the route was taken over by Rawtenstall Corporation Tramways.[8]
Geography
[edit]The Forest contains two Marilyns; Hail Storm Hill and Freeholds Top, as well as the summit of Great Hameldon. Geographically, it is sandwiched between the West Pennine Moors to the west and the South Pennines to the east.
The Irwell Valley in Rossendale is characterised by the steep sided valley of the River Irwell and its tributaries which dissect the moorland of the Rossendale Hills. In the valley bottom, urban settlements grew up at river crossing points between Rawtenstall and Bacup and today form a contiguous urban and industrial development. Textile mills and chimneys and gritstone terraced houses are the dominant buildings and roads are concentrated in the narrow valley.[2] The river has its source on Deerplay Moor in Cliviger near Burnley, heading south to Bacup, where it turns to the west past Stacksteads. The valley narrows at Thrutch, and the Irwell collects Whitewell Brook shortly afterwards at Waterfoot. It flows onward to Rawtenstall where it is met by Limy Water and then turns back to the south. Collecting the River Ogden at Irwell Vale it continues into Greater Manchester.[9]
The geology of the area is layers of gritstone, coal and glacial deposits of sand and gravel. These rocks were cut by fast flowing rivers, the Irwell and its tributaries, to form steep valleys with sides typically 200 metres (660 ft) high and a narrow valley floor. Tree cover on the steep slopes includes remnants of ancient woodland but most areas are more recently planted.[2]
Notable people
[edit]- Jeff Whalley (1952–2018), professional footballer
References
[edit]- ^ Ordnance Survey
- ^ a b c d Settled Valleys Irwell, Lancashire County Council, archived from the original on 15 April 2014, retrieved 26 September 2010
- ^ Woodland Trust blog/2018/03/difference-between-wood-and-forest
- ^ Baines, Edward (1836). "History of the County Palatine and the Ducht of Lancaster".
- ^ a b Farrer, William; Brownbill, John, eds. (1911), The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster Vol 6, Victoria County History, – Constable & Co, pp. 437–441, OCLC 832215477
- ^ G. H. Tupling (1952), The turnpike trusts of Lancashire, pp. 5, 9
- ^ Lancashire and Furness (Map) (1st ed.). 1 : 10,560. County Series. Ordnance Survey. 1848.
- ^ Rossendale Valley Tramways Co Ltd (PDF), Local Transport History Society, 2016, pp. 3–4
- ^ "103" (Map). Blackburn & Burnley (C2 ed.). 1:50,000. Landranger. Ordnance Survey. 2006. ISBN 978-0-319-22829-6.