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[[File:A satire on the refurbishment (or building) of a Lock Hospit Wellcome V0013419.jpg|thumb|Cartoon showing inmates of a lock hospital, 1802. The man at left is undergoing [[paracentesis]] (draining of fluid from the abdomen). In the centre, one patient reads [[handbills]] for [[Quackery|quack medicines]]. At right, a prosperous and smug [[apothecary]] ([[pharmacist]]) rides in a [[Coach (carriage)|coach]] with [[footmen]]; his family motto is ''[[Memento mori]]'', "remember you shall die."]] |
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[[File:London Lock Hospital.jpg|thumb|London Lock Hospital, 1831]] |
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[[File:Plan_of_the_Lock_Hospital%2C_Southwark_Wellcome_M0015151.jpg|thumb|Plan of the lock hospital of [[Southwark]]: it includes a "[[wikt:pledget|pleget]] room," devoted to the changing of [[Dressing (medical)|dressings]].]] |
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{{for|the Broadside ballad|The Unfortunate Lad}} |
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A '''lock hospital''' was an establishment that specialised in treating [[venereal disease|sexually transmitted disease]]s. They operated in Britain and its colonies and territories from the 18th century to the 20th.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/lockhospitalsloc00lown/lockhospitalsloc00lown_djvu.txt|title=Lock Hospitals and Lock Wards in General Hospitals|last=Loundes|first=Frederick W.|publisher=J. & A. Churchill|year=1882|location=London}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The earliest lock hospitals in India were established around 1797 at [[ |
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== History == |
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The term ''lock hospital'' originates from their use as [[leprosarium]]s, in which the patients were kept in restraints.<ref name=Loundes/>{{rp|3}} |
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| ⚫ | The military had a close association with a number of the hospitals. By the mid-19th century most of the larger army bases in India were home to a lock hospital.<ref name="Dartnell">{{cite journal|last=Dartnell|first=George R.|year=1860|title=On the prevalence and severity of syphilis in the British army and its prevention|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=174|pages=317–319|pmc=2252720|doi=10.1136/bmj.s4-1.174.317}}</ref> There were more military than civil lock hospitals in India, due to the prevalence of venereal diseases amongst British troops.<ref name="Medical History of British India">{{cite web |last=Sehrawat |first=Samiksha |title=Institutions: Lock hospitals: Measures to halt venereal diseases |url=http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/institutions.html |work=Medical History of British India |publisher=National Library of Scotland |access-date=24 October 2013}}</ref> In 1858 the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] paid to have one opened in [[Portsmouth]] and in 1863 another in [[Plymouth]].<ref name="stark">{{cite book |title=Female Tars: Women aboard ship in the age of sail |last=Stark |first=Suzanne J. |year=1998 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0-7126-6660-2 |page=33}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The earliest lock hospitals in India were established around 1797 at [[Berhampur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Danapur]], and [[Fatehgarh]]. They were usually within bazaars, surrounded by a mud wall and staffed by a doctor and a female nurse. The local police were in charge of rounding up women suspected of being diseased, who could return home only after obtaining a certificate of discharge.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wald |first=Erica |date=5 May 2009 |title=From begums and bibis to abandoned females and idle women |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=5–25 |doi=10.1177/001946460804600102|s2cid=143874173 }}</ref> |
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Lock Hospital operated in Hong Kong from 1858 to 1894 to deal with venereal diseases.{{cn|date=September 2023}} |
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The term "lock hospital" originates from their use as [[leprosarium]]s, after the "locks", or rags, which covered the lepers' lesions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lock Hospital, Hyde Park Corner|url=http://www.oldlondonmaps.com/viewspages/0334.html|work=Sara Douglass, Old London Maps|year=2006|access-date=2010-02-02}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[London Lock Hospital]] |
* [[London Lock Hospital]] |
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* [[Birmingham and Midland Skin and Urinary Hospital|Birmingham Skin and Lock Hospital]] |
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*[[Westmoreland Lock Hospital]], Dublin |
* [[Westmoreland Lock Hospital]], Dublin |
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* [[Contagious Diseases Acts]] |
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* [[Glasgow Lock Hospital]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/archive/74905153 Reports on Lock hospitals in India] |
* [http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/archive/74905153 Reports on Lock hospitals in India] |
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* [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-19/indigenous-lock-hospitals-onbernier-and-dorre-islands/10634122 Australian news article about Bernier and Dorre Island history] |
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{{Hospital articles}} |
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[[Category:Sexual health]] |
[[Category:Sexual health]] |
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[[Category:History of the |
[[Category:History of the British Empire]] |
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[[Category:Women's health in the United Kingdom]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:14, 7 October 2024
_of_a_Lock_Hospit_Wellcome_V0013419.jpg)
A lock hospital was an establishment that specialised in treating sexually transmitted diseases. They operated in Britain and its colonies and territories from the 18th century to the 20th.[1]
History
[edit]The military had a close association with a number of the hospitals. By the mid-19th century most of the larger army bases in India were home to a lock hospital.[2] There were more military than civil lock hospitals in India, due to the prevalence of venereal diseases amongst British troops.[3] In 1858 the Admiralty paid to have one opened in Portsmouth and in 1863 another in Plymouth.[4]
The earliest lock hospitals in India were established around 1797 at Berhampur, Kanpur, Danapur, and Fatehgarh. They were usually within bazaars, surrounded by a mud wall and staffed by a doctor and a female nurse. The local police were in charge of rounding up women suspected of being diseased, who could return home only after obtaining a certificate of discharge.[5]
Lock Hospital operated in Hong Kong from 1858 to 1894 to deal with venereal diseases.[citation needed]
The term "lock hospital" originates from their use as leprosariums, after the "locks", or rags, which covered the lepers' lesions.[6]
See also
[edit]- London Lock Hospital
- Birmingham Skin and Lock Hospital
- Westmoreland Lock Hospital, Dublin
- Contagious Diseases Acts
- Glasgow Lock Hospital
References
[edit]- ^ Loundes, Frederick W. (1882). Lock Hospitals and Lock Wards in General Hospitals. London: J. & A. Churchill.
- ^ Dartnell, George R. (1860). "On the prevalence and severity of syphilis in the British army and its prevention". British Medical Journal. 1 (174): 317–319. doi:10.1136/bmj.s4-1.174.317. PMC 2252720.
- ^ Sehrawat, Samiksha. "Institutions: Lock hospitals: Measures to halt venereal diseases". Medical History of British India. National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ^ Stark, Suzanne J. (1998). Female Tars: Women aboard ship in the age of sail. Pimlico. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7126-6660-2.
- ^ Wald, Erica (5 May 2009). "From begums and bibis to abandoned females and idle women". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 46 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1177/001946460804600102. S2CID 143874173.
- ^ "Lock Hospital, Hyde Park Corner". Sara Douglass, Old London Maps. 2006. Retrieved 2010-02-02.