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Coordinates: 45°23′33″N 8°55′31″E / 45.39261°N 8.92518°E / 45.39261; 8.92518
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{{For|the Iranian village|Mivar, Ardabil}}
{{For|the Iranian village|Mivar, Ardabil}}
{{advert|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Mivar
| name = Mivar
| logo =
| logo =
| caption =
| caption =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| type = [[Società in accomandita semplice]]
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|1945}}
| foundation = {{Start date|1945}}
| founder = [[Carlo Vichi]]
| founder = [[Carlo Vichi]]
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = {{End date|2021}}
| location_city = [[Abbiategrasso]]
| location_city = [[Abbiategrasso]], [[Lombardy]]
| location_country = Italy
| location_country = Italy
| locations =
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Italy, limited exports to neighboring countries
| key_people =
| key_people =
| industry = [[Consumer electronics]] and [[furniture]]
| industry = [[Consumer electronics]] and [[furniture]]
| products = [[Television set]], [[Table (furniture)|Table]], [[Chair]]
| products = [[Radio receiver|Radios]], [[Television sets]], [[Table (furniture)|Tables]], [[Chairs]]
| services =
| services =
| production =
| production =
Line 31: Line 30:
| homepage = {{URL|mivar.it}}
| homepage = {{URL|mivar.it}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
⚫
| intl = yes
}}
}}
[[File:Egadi_Mivar.JPG|thumb|right|Mivar Egadi radio turntables]]
'''Mivar''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] factory of [[consumer electronics]] and [[furniture]].
[[File:Mivar 32LED1 100 Hz.png|thumb|left|Mivar 32LED1 100Hz black]]
[[File:Mivar 32LED1 100 Hz bianco.png|thumb|right|Mivar 32LED2 100 Hz white]]
[[File:Mivar 32LED1 100 Hz bianco.png|thumb|right|Mivar 32LED2 100Hz white]]
It was founded by entrepreneur [[Carlo Vichi]] in 1945 in [[Milan]], but now the company headquartersthe is in [[Abbiategrasso]] (20&nbsp;km from Milan).


'''Mivar''' (''Milano Vichi Arredi Razionali'', formerly standing for ''Milano Vichi Apparecchi Radio'', and previously trading as '''Radio VAR'''),<ref name="Mivar-2">{{cite web |url=http://www.mivar.it/ |title=Home page Mivar |publisher=Mivar |language=it |access-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122230704/http://www.mivar.it/ |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> was an Italian factory of [[consumer electronics]] and [[furniture]]. The brand has since been relaunched by the owner's heirs (see below).
Mivar used to produce radios and [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] televisions, but now only [[LCD]] [[LED]] televisions (since 2013 the production of LCD LED televisions has been suspended).


==Location==
Mivar is the last Italian factory of televisions.
It was founded by then-22-year-old entrepreneur [[Carlo Vichi]] in 1945 in [[Milan]], moving multiple times over the years, but since circa 1968<ref name="Mivar-2"/><ref name="BROCHURE">{{cite web |url=https://mivar.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/BROCHURE_MIVAR_ITA28523.pdf |title="BROCHURE_MIVAR_ITA28523.pdf" |access-date=13 February 2022 |language=it}}</ref> the company headquarters is in Viale Dante 20, [[Abbiategrasso]] ({{Coord|45.39261|N|8.92518|E|display=inline,title}} - 20&nbsp;km from Milan).


In the 1990s a larger and architecturally ambitious factory was built nearby ({{Coord|45.39809|N|8.92946|E|display=inline}}), however following its completion in 2000 it never was put into service due to downsizing business, primarily attributed by Vichi to increasing Turkish and Asian competition.<ref name="Mivar-2"/><ref name="BROCHURE"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mivar |url=https://archiviostorico.fondazionefiera.it/entita/806-mivar |website=Archivio Storico |publisher=Fondazione Fiera Milano |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref>
Since the 80s until 2000 in Italy Mivar TVs have had a very wide spread, in fact these televisions were present in almost every Italian house, in the Italian TV Studios, in schools, hospitals, hotels and prisons, because these CRT TVs were good, cheap, robust and durable.


==Products==
When the market decided to focus on the LCD TVs, Mivar was unprepared and had serious difficulties. But thanks to the tenacity of the master Carlo Vichi, Mivar introduced between 2004 and 2010 some new attractive and competitive LCD-CCFL TVs, and in 2011 some new LED TVs.
The company was initially best known as a distributor of parts and contract designer for other radio companies; only in 1956 industrial tube radio production started; production later expanded to models with a built-in [[record player]], as well as to [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] televisions for which the brand is still best known.
The televisions made today by Mivar are also particularly simple and rational, with a particular Italian design and front speakers for better sound.
Today's Mivar TVs are all made in Italy.


Between the 80s and 2000s Mivar TVs were a significant success in the Italian retail and commercial (TV studios, schools, hospitals, hotels, and prisons) markets; despite [[No frills|having few convenience or novelty features]] and sometimes dated designs they were competitively priced, durable, and easily serviced (thanks to included schematics and PCB annotations in Italian language, widely available and affordable spare parts, as well as lists of common faults and their causes for some models).
Since 2013 the production of the factory is only oriented [[table (furniture)|tables]] and [[chairs]].
Another iconic Mivar feature is the design of their older remote controls, such as the TC and X series, with thin buttons made of hard plastic.


By the mid-2000s Mivar had modernized their range by adopting fully electronic service adjustments and offering in their range models with flat-screen tubes, 100&nbsp;Hz scan-doubling, [[DVB-T]] [[Integrated digital television|IDTVs]], front RCA inputs; as well as having a wider range of stereo sound models.<ref name="Mivar">{{cite web |title=Catalogo/archivio |url=http://www.mivar.it/mivar2/catalogo.htm |publisher=Mivar |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref> Their reputation for reliability was however partially marred by higher failure rates on certain models, such as the 14/16/20P1 employing the DS19 [[flyback transformer]] prone to internal arcing, EEPROM corruption due to bugs in the ST92195B5B1/MOH microcontroller, or non-user-upgradeable early DVB-T modules incapable of handling over 255 channels (a limit which was easily exceeded in some regions at the peak of digital TV).
⚫
At same time, the property has declared its willingness to grant the free usufruct of its new plant (except ordinary expense management) to anyone who wants to produce televisions, high tech products, household appliances or electronic equipment.

As a conservative company not focused on the leading edge of the market, Mivar initially ignored then-expensive LCD technology and was unprepared to react to their popularity. Yet, before LCDs outsold CRTs,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rusconi |first1=Gianni |title=I Tv Lcd sorpassano i Crt: il tubo catodico alza bandiera bianca |url=https://st.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/Tecnologia%20e%20Business/2008/02/lcd-crt-sorpassoxml.shtml |publisher=[[Il Sole 24 Ore]] |access-date=4 August 2020 |language=it |date=2008-02-22}}</ref> Mivar introduced between 2004 and 2010 some new attractive and competitive LCD-CCFL TVs,<ref name="Mivar"/> and in 2011 a range of LED-backlit TVs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Televisori LED |url=http://www.mivar.it/mivar2/index.htm |publisher=Mivar |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref> culminating in an Android smart TV.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Faggiano |first1=Roberto |title=Mivar resiste e presenta la sua prima Smart TV Android |url=https://www.dday.it/redazione/9623/mivar-resiste-e-presenta-la-sua-prima-smart-tv-android.html |website=DDay.it |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=2013-06-02}}</ref> Their design was still simple and rational, with front-facing speakers for better sound, and despite market-mandated increasing reliance on non-European component and LCD suppliers (some of whom vertically integrated competitors of Mivar), case manufacturing and assembly was still carried out in Abbiategrasso.

CRT TV production ended in June 2008.<ref name="BROCHURE" />

With the bankruptcy of the [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friulan]] domestic competitor Formenti ([[Sèleco]], Stern, Imperial, [[Brionvega]], Phonola, ...) in 2004, of SEI-[[Sinudyne]] in 2006, and of foreign-assembling [[Q.Bell]] in November 2013, Mivar was the last Italian factory and for one month the last active Italian brand of televisions: by the end of the year, manufacturing was terminated,<ref name="Maria Fagnani-2013">{{cite web |last1=Maria Fagnani |first1=Giovanna |title=Mivar, addio alla tv made in Italy Carlo Vichi: "Produrremo mobili" |url=https://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/13_ottobre_15/mivar-addio-tv-made-italy-carlo-vichi-produrremo-mobili-207063b0-3578-11e3-9c0c-20e16e3a15ed.shtml |publisher=Corriere della Sera |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Azzimonti-2013">{{cite web |last1=Azzimonti |first1=Michele |title=Televisori Mivar: fine dei programmi il 30 novembre |url=https://www.ilgiorno.it/legnano/cronaca/2013/10/11/963845-mivar-chiusa-abbiategrasso-vichi.shtml |publisher=Il Giorno |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=2013-10-11}}</ref> with the last unit being signed by the six remaining assembly line workers, and the television division remaining in business to offer after-sale service to date (mid-2020), with plans to continue doing so until 2023.<ref name="PLC Forum">{{cite web |title=Tv Mivar: Sono Ancora In Produzione? |url=https://www.plcforum.it/f/topic/157148-tv-mivar-sono-ancora-in-produzione/ |website=PLC Forum |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref>

The then extremely downsized company nominally became a manufacturer of ''rational furniture'', offering table and chairs combinations for commercial use, with their design loosely based on those designed in-house for the comfort of assembly line workers;<ref name="Maria Fagnani-2013"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Arredi razionali |url=http://www.mivar.it/arredi__razionali.htm |publisher=Mivar |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref> it is however doubtful whether said products actually made it to the market.

⚫
In 2017, Vichi daringly published an open letter to [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]] and other former rivals, declaring his willingness to grant free leasing of the new plant (except ordinary expense management) to anyone who wants to produce TVs, high tech products, household appliances or electronic equipment.<ref name="Mivar-2"/>

==Management==

The company has for its entire existence been owned and managed by its founder, Carlo Vichi (1923-2-5 - 2021-9-20).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Piccone |first1=Beniamino |title=Addio a Carlo Vichi, fondatore geniale della storica azienda di televisori Mivar |url=https://forbes.it/2021/09/21/addio-carlo-vichi-imprenditore-mivar/ |website=Forbes |access-date=22 September 2021 |language=it-IT |date=21 September 2021}}</ref>

As a stubborn anti-unionist<ref>{{cite web |last1=Noto |first1=Sergio |title=Carlo Vichi, la Mivar e la dura vita di un imprenditore-contro |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/10/17/carlo-vichi-la-mivar-e-la-dura-vita-di-un-imprenditore-contro/746753/ |publisher=Il Fatto Quotidiano |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> [[workaholic]] and supporter of fascism,<ref name="Azzimonti-2013"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Piromallo |first1=Janauria |title=Carlo Vichi: 'Hitler è il mio eroe' |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/03/20/mivar-carlo-vichi-hitler-e-il-mio-eroe/915529/ |publisher=Il Fatto Quotidiano |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=20 March 2014}}</ref> he had a very strong influence on the company's actions and attitude, to a degree rarely seen even in small family-run companies.

Vichi eschewed the stereotypical managers' life, choosing to have his workplace in the same room as the assembly line, having the same office hours as other employees, owning an older modest car, and not having a personal computer or cell phone.<ref name="PLC Forum"/>

Mivar always rejected public funding and plans for a national association of electronics manufacturers.<ref name="Leone-2017">{{cite web |last1=Leone |first1=Angelo |title=Eppure lo diceva anche Rocky. Mivar da leader di mercato in Italia a "Regalo la mia Fabbrica". Meglio cambiare o fallire? |url=https://blog.digitalbuildingblocks.it/blog/eppure-lo-diceva-anche-rocky.-mivar-da-leader-di-mercato-in-italia-a-regalo-la-mia-fabbrica.-meglio-cambiare-o-fallire |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it |date=2017-08-08}}</ref>
On the other hand, Vichi did not hesitate to use his personal money to subsidize the company in its later unprofitable years (100 million Euros since 2000), allowing the company to not resort to outsourcing or licensing their brand yet exiting the market debt-free, comparably to [[A. Atwater Kent|Atwater-Kent]] in the 1930s and unlike most of their European competitors.<ref name="PLC Forum"/>
He has not involved his children, with whom he doesn't have successful family relations, in the business; the company in its original form ceased trading shortly before Vichi's death.<ref name="MIVAR S-2021">{{cite web |title=MIVAR S.r.l. |url=http://www.mivar.it/ |website= |access-date=13 February 2022 |language=it |date=March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127064348/http://www.mivar.it/ |archive-date=27 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="PLC Forum"/><ref name="Leone-2017"/>

Due to these atypical practices often prioritizing employment and long term reputation against the [[profit (accounting)|profit]] motive of most businesses, Mivar has been the object of academic case studies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Il caso Mivar - Le strategie di costo |url=https://slideplayer.it/slide/611665/ |website=SlidePlayer |publisher=Università La Sapienza di Roma |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maggi |first1=Francesco |title=La coerenza delle politiche di gestione delle risorse umane: il caso Mivar. |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-04162016-154653/ |publisher=Università di Pisa |access-date=5 August 2020 |language=it |date=2016-05-16}}</ref>

==New company==
{{Infobox company
| name = Mivar
⚫
| logo =
| caption =
| type = [[Società a responsabilità limitata]]
| foundation = {{Start date|2021}}
| founder =
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|2021}} -->
| location_city = [[Abbiategrasso]], [[Lombardy]]
| location_country = Italy
| locations =
| area_served = Italy
| key_people =
| industry = [[Consumer electronics]]
| products = [[Television sets]]
| services =
| production =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|mivar.it}}
| footnotes =
}}

Some time after the demise of the TV manufacturing business, former employees constructed the [[Bolva (company)|Bolva Italia]] company in Abbiategrasso in late 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bolva Italia |url=https://www.facebook.com/bolvaitalia.tv/ |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=13 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> manufacturing [[webOS]]-based televisions in Poland using oriental assemblies while still offering domestic servicing.

In the meanwhile, Mivar became a limited liability company under the ownership of Luisa and Valeria Vichi<ref name="MIVAR S-2021"/> and re-entered the trade on January 20, 2022, by establishing a joint venture with Bolva - as well as a shared service department in Mivar's facilities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aziani |first1=Marco |title=Bolva Italia (che ha sede ad Abbiategrasso) fa rinascere il marchio Mivar |url=https://www.ordineeliberta.it/articolo.asp?numart=10334 |access-date=13 February 2022 |work=Ordine e Libertà |date=21 January 2022 |language=it}}</ref>

{{clear}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Italy|Companies}}
{{Portal|Italy|Companies}}
* [[List of Italian companies|List of Italian Companies]]
* [[List of Italian companies|List of Italian Companies]]

==References==
<references/>


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 60: Line 121:


[[Category:Italian brands]]
[[Category:Italian brands]]
[[Category:Companies based in Milan]]
[[Category:Companies based in Lombardy]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of Italy]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of Italy]]
[[Category:Furniture companies of Italy]]
[[Category:Furniture companies of Italy]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1945]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Italian companies established in 1945]]
[[Category:Radio manufacturers]]


{{Italy-company-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:59, 7 October 2024

For the Iranian village, see Mivar, Ardabil.
Mivar
Company typeSocietà in accomandita semplice
IndustryConsumer electronics and furniture
Founded1945 (1945)
FounderCarlo Vichi
Defunct2021 (2021)
Headquarters
Abbiategrasso, Lombardy
,
Italy
Area served
Italy, limited exports to neighboring countries
ProductsRadios, Television sets, Tables, Chairs
Websitemivar.it
Mivar Egadi radio turntables
Mivar 32LED2 100 Hz white

Mivar (Milano Vichi Arredi Razionali, formerly standing for Milano Vichi Apparecchi Radio, and previously trading as Radio VAR),[1] was an Italian factory of consumer electronics and furniture. The brand has since been relaunched by the owner's heirs (see below).

Location

[edit]

It was founded by then-22-year-old entrepreneur Carlo Vichi in 1945 in Milan, moving multiple times over the years, but since circa 1968[1][2] the company headquarters is in Viale Dante 20, Abbiategrasso (45°23′33″N 8°55′31″E / 45.39261°N 8.92518°E / 45.39261; 8.92518 - 20 km from Milan).

In the 1990s a larger and architecturally ambitious factory was built nearby (45°23′53″N 8°55′46″E / 45.39809°N 8.92946°E / 45.39809; 8.92946), however following its completion in 2000 it never was put into service due to downsizing business, primarily attributed by Vichi to increasing Turkish and Asian competition.[1][2][3]

Products

[edit]

The company was initially best known as a distributor of parts and contract designer for other radio companies; only in 1956 industrial tube radio production started; production later expanded to models with a built-in record player, as well as to CRT televisions for which the brand is still best known.

Between the 80s and 2000s Mivar TVs were a significant success in the Italian retail and commercial (TV studios, schools, hospitals, hotels, and prisons) markets; despite having few convenience or novelty features and sometimes dated designs they were competitively priced, durable, and easily serviced (thanks to included schematics and PCB annotations in Italian language, widely available and affordable spare parts, as well as lists of common faults and their causes for some models). Another iconic Mivar feature is the design of their older remote controls, such as the TC and X series, with thin buttons made of hard plastic.

By the mid-2000s Mivar had modernized their range by adopting fully electronic service adjustments and offering in their range models with flat-screen tubes, 100 Hz scan-doubling, DVB-T IDTVs, front RCA inputs; as well as having a wider range of stereo sound models.[4] Their reputation for reliability was however partially marred by higher failure rates on certain models, such as the 14/16/20P1 employing the DS19 flyback transformer prone to internal arcing, EEPROM corruption due to bugs in the ST92195B5B1/MOH microcontroller, or non-user-upgradeable early DVB-T modules incapable of handling over 255 channels (a limit which was easily exceeded in some regions at the peak of digital TV).

As a conservative company not focused on the leading edge of the market, Mivar initially ignored then-expensive LCD technology and was unprepared to react to their popularity. Yet, before LCDs outsold CRTs,[5] Mivar introduced between 2004 and 2010 some new attractive and competitive LCD-CCFL TVs,[4] and in 2011 a range of LED-backlit TVs,[6] culminating in an Android smart TV.[7] Their design was still simple and rational, with front-facing speakers for better sound, and despite market-mandated increasing reliance on non-European component and LCD suppliers (some of whom vertically integrated competitors of Mivar), case manufacturing and assembly was still carried out in Abbiategrasso.

CRT TV production ended in June 2008.[2]

With the bankruptcy of the Friulan domestic competitor Formenti (Sèleco, Stern, Imperial, Brionvega, Phonola, ...) in 2004, of SEI-Sinudyne in 2006, and of foreign-assembling Q.Bell in November 2013, Mivar was the last Italian factory and for one month the last active Italian brand of televisions: by the end of the year, manufacturing was terminated,[8][9] with the last unit being signed by the six remaining assembly line workers, and the television division remaining in business to offer after-sale service to date (mid-2020), with plans to continue doing so until 2023.[10]

The then extremely downsized company nominally became a manufacturer of rational furniture, offering table and chairs combinations for commercial use, with their design loosely based on those designed in-house for the comfort of assembly line workers;[8][11] it is however doubtful whether said products actually made it to the market.

In 2017, Vichi daringly published an open letter to Samsung and other former rivals, declaring his willingness to grant free leasing of the new plant (except ordinary expense management) to anyone who wants to produce TVs, high tech products, household appliances or electronic equipment.[1]

Management

[edit]

The company has for its entire existence been owned and managed by its founder, Carlo Vichi (1923-2-5 - 2021-9-20).[12]

As a stubborn anti-unionist[13] workaholic and supporter of fascism,[9][14] he had a very strong influence on the company's actions and attitude, to a degree rarely seen even in small family-run companies.

Vichi eschewed the stereotypical managers' life, choosing to have his workplace in the same room as the assembly line, having the same office hours as other employees, owning an older modest car, and not having a personal computer or cell phone.[10]

Mivar always rejected public funding and plans for a national association of electronics manufacturers.[15] On the other hand, Vichi did not hesitate to use his personal money to subsidize the company in its later unprofitable years (100 million Euros since 2000), allowing the company to not resort to outsourcing or licensing their brand yet exiting the market debt-free, comparably to Atwater-Kent in the 1930s and unlike most of their European competitors.[10] He has not involved his children, with whom he doesn't have successful family relations, in the business; the company in its original form ceased trading shortly before Vichi's death.[16][10][15]

Due to these atypical practices often prioritizing employment and long term reputation against the profit motive of most businesses, Mivar has been the object of academic case studies.[17][18]

New company

[edit]
Mivar
Company typeSocietà a responsabilità limitata
IndustryConsumer electronics
Founded2021 (2021)
Headquarters
Abbiategrasso, Lombardy
,
Italy
Area served
Italy
ProductsTelevision sets
Websitemivar.it

Some time after the demise of the TV manufacturing business, former employees constructed the Bolva Italia company in Abbiategrasso in late 2019,[19] manufacturing webOS-based televisions in Poland using oriental assemblies while still offering domestic servicing.

In the meanwhile, Mivar became a limited liability company under the ownership of Luisa and Valeria Vichi[16] and re-entered the trade on January 20, 2022, by establishing a joint venture with Bolva - as well as a shared service department in Mivar's facilities.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Home page Mivar" (in Italian). Mivar. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b c ""BROCHURE_MIVAR_ITA28523.pdf"" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Mivar". Archivio Storico (in Italian). Fondazione Fiera Milano. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Catalogo/archivio" (in Italian). Mivar. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  5. ^ Rusconi, Gianni (2008-02-22). "I Tv Lcd sorpassano i Crt: il tubo catodico alza bandiera bianca" (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Televisori LED" (in Italian). Mivar. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  7. ^ Faggiano, Roberto (2013-06-02). "Mivar resiste e presenta la sua prima Smart TV Android". DDay.it (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  8. ^ a b Maria Fagnani, Giovanna (15 October 2013). "Mivar, addio alla tv made in Italy Carlo Vichi: "Produrremo mobili"" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b Azzimonti, Michele (2013-10-11). "Televisori Mivar: fine dei programmi il 30 novembre" (in Italian). Il Giorno. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d "Tv Mivar: Sono Ancora In Produzione?". PLC Forum (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  11. ^ "Arredi razionali" (in Italian). Mivar. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  12. ^ Piccone, Beniamino (21 September 2021). "Addio a Carlo Vichi, fondatore geniale della storica azienda di televisori Mivar". Forbes (in Italian). Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  13. ^ Noto, Sergio (17 October 2013). "Carlo Vichi, la Mivar e la dura vita di un imprenditore-contro" (in Italian). Il Fatto Quotidiano. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  14. ^ Piromallo, Janauria (20 March 2014). "Carlo Vichi: 'Hitler è il mio eroe'" (in Italian). Il Fatto Quotidiano. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  15. ^ a b Leone, Angelo (2017-08-08). "Eppure lo diceva anche Rocky. Mivar da leader di mercato in Italia a "Regalo la mia Fabbrica". Meglio cambiare o fallire?" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  16. ^ a b "MIVAR S.r.l." (in Italian). March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Il caso Mivar - Le strategie di costo". SlidePlayer (in Italian). Università La Sapienza di Roma. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  18. ^ Maggi, Francesco (2016-05-16). "La coerenza delle politiche di gestione delle risorse umane: il caso Mivar" (in Italian). Università di Pisa. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Bolva Italia". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  20. ^ Aziani, Marco (21 January 2022). "Bolva Italia (che ha sede ad Abbiategrasso) fa rinascere il marchio Mivar". Ordine e Libertà (in Italian). Retrieved 13 February 2022.
[edit]
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