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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Manus friarbird
| name = Manus friarbird
Line 4: Line 5:
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106005324/0 |title=''Philemon albitorques'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=16 July 2012|ref=harv}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Philemon albitorques'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22704215A93957853 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704215A93957853.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Philemon albitorques
| taxon = Philemon albitorques
| authority = [[Philip Sclater|Sclater]], 1877
| authority = [[Philip Sclater|Sclater, PL]], 1877
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
}}
}}


The '''Manus friarbird''' or '''white-naped friarbird''' (''Philemon albitorques''), also known as the chauka (''souka'' in the local language, [[Lele language (Papua New Guinea)|Lele]]<ref name=thesis>{{cite thesis|url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41204/1/41204-boettger-2015-thesis.pdf|title=Topics in the grammar of Lele: A language of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea|first=Juliane|last=Boetgger|date=March 2015|type=PhD|publisher=James Cook University. College of Arts, Society and Education|volume=Appendix V|page=LXXIII}}</ref>) is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Honeyeater]] family, or Meliphagidae.<ref name=Fitzsimons>{{cite web|url=https://blog.nature.org/science/2013/06/19/the-charismatic-and-elusive-birds-of-manus-island/|date=19 June 2013|title=The Charismatic and Elusive Birds of Manus Island|first=James|last=Fitzsimons|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref> It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Manus Province]]<ref name=flag/> of [[Papua New Guinea]].
The '''Manus friarbird''' ('''''Philemon albitorques''''') or '''white-naped friarbird''', also known as the ''chauka'' ('souka' in [[Lele language (Papua New Guinea)|Lele]], the local language<ref name=thesis>{{cite thesis|url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41204/1/41204-boettger-2015-thesis.pdf|title=Topics in the grammar of Lele: A language of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea|first=Juliane|last=Boetgger|date=March 2015|type=PhD|publisher=James Cook University. College of Arts, Society and Education|volume=Appendix V|page=LXXIII}}</ref>) is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Honeyeater]] family, or Meliphagidae.<ref name=Fitzsimons>{{cite web|url=https://blog.nature.org/science/2013/06/19/the-charismatic-and-elusive-birds-of-manus-island/|date=19 June 2013|title=The Charismatic and Elusive Birds of Manus Island|first=James|last=Fitzsimons|access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref> It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Manus Province]]<ref name=flag/> of [[Papua New Guinea]].


Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s.{{cn|date=February 2019}} It is also commonly found around human habitation, and possibly favoured by human settlement and the more open habitats created by people in many coastal areas.<ref name=Fitzsimons/>
Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} It is also commonly found around human habitation, and possibly favoured by human settlement and the more open habitats created by people in many coastal areas.<ref name=Fitzsimons/>


The chauka is well-known to locals on [[Manus Island]], who speak of its ability to tell the time, and it could be the most iconic honeyeater within its range in the world, as well as the loudest.<ref name=Fitzsimons/> Numerous stories and myths about the many abilities and duties of the chauka include alerting people to snakes in trees and informing people about a recent birth in the community.<ref name=thesis/>.
The chauka is well known to locals on [[Manus Island]], who speak of its ability to tell the time. It could be the most iconic honeyeater within its range in the world, as well as the loudest.<ref name=Fitzsimons/> Numerous stories and myths about the many abilities and duties of the chauka include alerting people to snakes in trees and informing people about a recent birth in the community.<ref name=thesis/>


Its significance to Manus is also reflected in its representation on the Manus provincial flag. Designer of the Manus Province flag, Luke Bulei, explained his reasons for its design in 1977: the chauka is only found in the Manus province; it heralds dawn and signals sunset; it often warns us of dangers; and lastly, it informs us of the success or otherwise of a forthcoming hunting trip. He added that NBC Radio Station had changed its name to Maus Bilong Chauka (Voice of the Chauka) several years before. <ref name=flag>{{cite web|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pg-ma.html|title=Manus (Papua New Guinea)|date=2009|website=Flags of the world}}</ref>
Its significance to Manus is also reflected in its representation on the Manus provincial flag. Designer of the Manus Province flag, Luke Bulei, explained his reasons for its design in 1977: the chauka is only found in the Manus province; it heralds dawn and signals sunset; it often warns us of dangers; and lastly, it informs us of the success or otherwise of a forthcoming hunting trip. He added that NBC Radio Station had changed its name to Maus Bilong Chauka (Voice of the Chauka) several years before.<ref name=flag>{{cite web|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pg-ma.html|title=Manus (Papua New Guinea)|date=2009|website=Flags of the world}}</ref>


The bird was used symbolically in the film ''[[Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time]]'', made from within the [[Manus Regional Processing Centre|Manus Island detention centre]] by refugee [[Behrouz Boochani]] and filmmaker Arash Kamali Sarvestani in 2016.<ref name=SMHZable>{{cite news|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-manus-to-london-how-two-strangers-made-a-landmark-movie-together-20170926-gyow9k.html|title=From Manus to London: how two strangers made a landmark movie together|first=Arnold|last=Zable|date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210095345/https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-manus-to-london-how-two-strangers-made-a-landmark-movie-together-20170926-gyow9k.html|archive-date=10 February 2019|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>
The bird was used symbolically in the film ''[[Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time]]'', made from within the [[Manus Regional Processing Centre|Manus Island detention centre]] by refugee [[Behrouz Boochani]] and filmmaker Arash Kamali Sarvestani in 2016.<ref name=SMHZable>{{cite news|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-manus-to-london-how-two-strangers-made-a-landmark-movie-together-20170926-gyow9k.html|title=From Manus to London: how two strangers made a landmark movie together|first=Arnold|last=Zable|date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210095345/https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-manus-to-london-how-two-strangers-made-a-landmark-movie-together-20170926-gyow9k.html|archive-date=10 February 2019|access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref>

==Further reading==

*{{cite journal|url=https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=670517287332192;res=IELHSS;type=pdf|publisher=Australian Field Ornithology|volume=31|issue=3|date=September 2014|first=James|last=Fitzsimons|title=Notes on the distribution and breeding of the Manus Friarbird 'Philemon albitorques' and other birds of small islands of the Admiralties group, Papua New Guinea| ISSN= 1448-0107|page= 159-163}} (Full PDF AU$4.00)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

*{{cite journal|url=https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=670517287332192;res=IELHSS;type=pdf|journal=Australian Field Ornithology|volume=31|issue=3|date=September 2014|first=James|last=Fitzsimons|title=Notes on the distribution and breeding of the Manus Friarbird 'Philemon albitorques' and other birds of small islands of the Admiralties group, Papua New Guinea| issn= 1448-0107|pages= 159–163}} (Full PDF AU$4.00)


{{Taxonbar|from=Q636360}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q636360}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:friarbird, Manus}}
[[Category:Philemon (bird)|Manus friarbird]]
[[Category:Philemon (bird)|Manus friarbird]]
[[Category:Birds of the Admiralty Islands]]
[[Category:Birds of the Admiralty Islands]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1877|Manus friarbird]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1877|Manus friarbird]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philip Sclater|Manus friarbird]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Papua New Guinea]]





Latest revision as of 23:20, 7 October 2024

Manus friarbird
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Meliphagidae
Genus: Philemon
Species:
P. albitorques
Binomial name
Philemon albitorques

The Manus friarbird (Philemon albitorques) or white-naped friarbird, also known as the chauka ('souka' in Lele, the local language[2]) is a species of bird in the Honeyeater family, or Meliphagidae.[3] It is endemic to the Manus Province[4] of Papua New Guinea.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.[citation needed] It is also commonly found around human habitation, and possibly favoured by human settlement and the more open habitats created by people in many coastal areas.[3]

The chauka is well known to locals on Manus Island, who speak of its ability to tell the time. It could be the most iconic honeyeater within its range in the world, as well as the loudest.[3] Numerous stories and myths about the many abilities and duties of the chauka include alerting people to snakes in trees and informing people about a recent birth in the community.[2]

Its significance to Manus is also reflected in its representation on the Manus provincial flag. Designer of the Manus Province flag, Luke Bulei, explained his reasons for its design in 1977: the chauka is only found in the Manus province; it heralds dawn and signals sunset; it often warns us of dangers; and lastly, it informs us of the success or otherwise of a forthcoming hunting trip. He added that NBC Radio Station had changed its name to Maus Bilong Chauka (Voice of the Chauka) several years before.[4]

The bird was used symbolically in the film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time, made from within the Manus Island detention centre by refugee Behrouz Boochani and filmmaker Arash Kamali Sarvestani in 2016.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Philemon albitorques". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22704215A93957853. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704215A93957853.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Boetgger, Juliane (March 2015). Topics in the grammar of Lele: A language of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (PDF) (PhD). Vol. Appendix V. James Cook University. College of Arts, Society and Education. p. LXXIII.
  3. ^ a b c Fitzsimons, James (19 June 2013). "The Charismatic and Elusive Birds of Manus Island". Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Manus (Papua New Guinea)". Flags of the world. 2009.
  5. ^ Zable, Arnold (17 October 2017). "From Manus to London: how two strangers made a landmark movie together". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

Further reading

[edit]