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{{Short description|Breed of horse}}
{{Short description|Breed of horse}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
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{{Infobox horse breed
{{Infobox horse breed
| name = Limousin
| name = Limousin
| image = Cheval limousin Champion.jpg
| image = File:Pouliche limousine.jpg
| image_caption = Limousin horse
| image_caption = Limousin filly (1923)
| image_alt = <!-- wiki-markup won't work here -->
| image_alt =
| features =
| features =
| altname = <!-- for multiple values, please use {{ubl| ... | ... }} instead of <br> -->
| nickname = <!-- for multiple values, please use {{ubl| ... | ... }} instead of <br> -->
| country = France
| country = France
| group1 =
| std1 =
| group2 =
| std2 =
| group3 =
| std3 =
| group4 =
| std4 =
| group5 =
| std5 =
| group6 =
| std6 =
| status = Extinct
| status = Extinct
| note =
}}
}}
<!-- End Infobox horse info. Article begins here -->


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The '''Limousin horse''' ([[French language|French]]: ''cheval limousin'', [[Occitan language|Occitan]]: ''caval lemosin'') is an [[extinct]] French and Occitan [[horse breed]] that was bred from the 12th century to the 20th century as a [[saddle horse]], as well as to pull [[horse carriage]]s, in the [[Limousin]] region of [[France]], formerly part of [[Aquitaine]] and [[Occitania]].{{r|theequinest}}{{Better source needed|date=September 2024}} The genetic foundation was based off of French native mares, [[Iberian horse]]s, English [[Thoroughbred]]s, [[Arabian]]s, and [[Anglo-Arabian]]s. This breed was later influential in the 1958 creation of the [[Selle Français]], a new French horse breed that merged several French regional horse breeds, including the [[Anglo-Norman horse]], into one [[sport horse]] type.
[[File:Pouliche limousine.jpg|thumb|Limousin Poulische, 1923]]
⚫
The '''Limousin horse''' ([[French language|French]]: ''cheval limousin'', [[Occitan language|Occitan]]: ''caval lemosin'') is an extinct French and Occitan [[horse breed]] that was bred from the 12th century to the 20th century as a [[saddle horse]], as well as to pull [[horse carriage]]s, in the [[Limousin]] region of [[France]], formerly part of [[Aquitaine]] and [[Occitania]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Limousin Horse|date=9 August 2010 |url=http://www.theequinest.com/breeds/limousin/|access-date=2020-06-25}}</ref> The genetic foundation was based off of French native mares, [[Iberian horse]]s, English [[Thoroughbred]]s, [[Arabian]]s, and [[Anglo-Arabian]]s. This breed was later influential in the 1958 creation of the [[Selle Français]], a new French horse breed that merged several French regional horse breeds, including the [[Anglo-Norman horse]], into one [[sport horse]] type.


With the earliest records of the breed dating back to the 12th century (1100s), with some documents dating the origins of the breed to as early as 506 A.D.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aubrun |first1=Michel |title=L'Ancien diocèse de Limoges des origines au milieu du XIe siècle |date=1981 |publisher=Institut d'études du massif central |location=Clermont-Ferrand, France |pages=94-97}}</ref> and 1063 A.D.<ref name="Barriere">{{cite book |last1=de Blomac |first1=Nicole |last2=Barrière |first2=Bernadette |title=Cheval limousin, chevaux en Limousin |date=2006 |publisher=Presses Univ. Limoges |location=France |isbn=9782842874049}}</ref>, Limosin horses were bred during the [[Middle Ages]] and the era of the [[Angevin Empire]] (French: ''Espace Plantagenet'') during the 12th-13th centuries, when the marriage of [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], [[Duke of Aquitaine|Duchess of Aquitaine]], and [[Henry II of England|King Henry II of England]], [[Duke of Normandy]] and [[Count of Anjou]], brought Aquitaine under the control of the [[House of Plantagenet]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]]. Horses were an important resource for the Duchy of Aquitaine for both military purposes and [[equestrian sport]]s, and early Limousin horses served as mounts for Eleanor of Aquitaine<ref>{{cite web |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine |url=https://csis.pace.edu/grendel/WS1/eleanor1.htm |website=Pace University |access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref> and Aquitainian troops, as well as [[crusaders]] to the [[Holy Land]].<ref name="Barriere"></ref>
With the earliest records of the breed dating back to the 12th century (1100s), with some documents dating the origins of the breed to as early as 506 A.D.{{r|Aubrun}} and 1063 A.D.,{{r|Barriere}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}} Limousin horses were bred during the [[Middle Ages]] and the era of the [[Angevin Empire]] (French: ''Espace Plantagenet'') during the 12th-13th centuries, when the marriage of [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], [[Duke of Aquitaine|Duchess of Aquitaine]], and [[Henry II of England|King Henry II of England]], [[Duke of Normandy]] and [[Count of Anjou]], brought Aquitaine under the control of the [[House of Plantagenet]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]]. Horses were an important resource for the Duchy of Aquitaine for both military purposes and [[equestrian sport]]s, and early Limousin horses served as mounts for Eleanor of Aquitaine{{r|pace}}{{Failed verification|date=September 2024}} and Aquitainian troops, as well as [[crusaders]] to the [[Holy Land]].{{r|Barriere}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}}


Limousin horses are also mentioned in the ''[[Chanson d'Antioche]]'' (c. 1180) as being used in [[First Crusade]] (1096–1099) by knights.<ref name="Barriere"></ref> Some attribute [[Turkoman horse]]s and [[Arabian horse]]s brought back from the Crusades as giving the Limousin its [[equine conformation|conformation]].<ref name="Vallon">{{cite book |last1=Vallon |first1=Alexandre-Bernard |title=Cours d'hippologie à l'usage de MM. les officiers de l'armée |date=1863 |publisher=Javaud |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cours_d_hippologie_%C3%A0_l_usage_de_MM_les/S-g9AAAAcAAJ?hl=en |access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>
Limousin horses are also mentioned in the ''[[Chanson d'Antioche]]'' (c. 1180) as being used in [[First Crusade]] (1096–1099) by knights.{{r|Barriere}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}} Some attribute [[Turkoman horse]]s and [[Arabian horse]]s brought back from the Crusades as giving the Limousin its [[equine conformation|conformation]].{{r|Vallon}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}}


A luxury horse of medium size, the Limousin was said to be quite similar to the [[Barb horse]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leclerc de Buffon |first1=Georges-Louis |title=L’Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi |date=1754 |page=235}}</ref>, a breed from North Africa, and the preferred [[cavalry horse]] of the [[Moors|Spanish Moors]]. It had a great reputation due to its association with French royalty and nobility until the [[French Revolution]], as Limosin provided many horses for the army of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV of France]] and the French cavalry. [[François Robichon de La Guérinière]] and [[Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon]] considered the Limousin to be "the best horse in France" from the 16th to 19th centuries.<ref name="Vallon"></ref><ref name="Denis">{{cite journal |last1=Denis |first1=Bernard |title=Les races de chevaux en France au XVIIIe siècle. Et les idées relatives à leur amélioration |journal=In Situ |date=30 July 2012 |issue=18 |doi=doi.org/10.4000/insitu.9677 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/insitu/9677 |access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>
A horse of medium size, [[Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon|Leclerc]] wrote in the 1700s that the best French saddle horses came from Limousin and were quite similar to the [[Barb horse]].{{r|Leclerc|p=235}} It had a great reputation due to its association with French royalty and nobility until the [[French Revolution]], as Limousin provided many horses for the army of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV of France]] and the French cavalry. [[François Robichon de La Guérinière]] and [[Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon]] said the Limousin was "the best horse in France" from the 16th to 19th centuries.{{r|Vallon}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}}{{r|Denis|pp=4-5}}


Once used in sports like [[fox hunting]], as well as [[field hunter]] and [[show hunter]] disciplines, the Limousin horse was also an excellent riding mount, bred largely by French aristocrats, [[bourgeois]], and the Pompadour National [[Stud farm|Stud Farm]] at Pompadour Castle in [[Arnac-Pompadour]], [[Corrèze]], France. The two most common breed colors were [[bay (horse)|bay]] and [[gray (horse)|gray]], with the average height of Limousin horses being around {{hands|14.2}} to {{hands|15.2}}. The head of the Limousin horse was described as "long, with a convex profile", with "strong and small feet" and "excellent agility", being used in [[light cavalry]] divisions, as well as in [[classical dressage]].
Once used in sports like [[fox hunting]], as well as [[field hunter]] and [[show hunter]] disciplines, the Limousin horse was also an excellent riding mount, bred largely by French aristocrats, [[bourgeois]], and the Pompadour National [[Stud farm|Stud Farm]] at Pompadour Castle in [[Arnac-Pompadour]], [[Corrèze]], France. The two most common breed colors were [[bay (horse)|bay]] and [[gray (horse)|gray]], with the average height of Limousin horses being around {{hands|14.2}} to {{hands|15.2}}. The head of the Limousin horse was described as "long, with a convex profile", and it had "strong and small feet" and "excellent agility", being used in [[light cavalry]] divisions, as well as in [[classical dressage]].


The use of the breed as a popular cavalry mount lead to frequent requisitions under the [[First French Republic]] and the [[First French Empire]] under [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]; and, in particular, for the [[War in the Vendée]] and the [[Napoleonic War]]s, which caused the breed to become rare. Crossed with the Arabian and the Thoroughbred horse breeds during the 19th century, then re-converted to [[horse racing]], the [[purebred]] Limousin horse largely disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in part due to the new popularity of the [[Anglo-Arabian]]. The Limousin horse was merged into the [[Selle Français]] breed in 1958.
The use of the breed as a popular cavalry mount led to frequent requisitions under the [[First French Republic]] and the [[First French Empire]] under [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]; and, in particular, for the [[War in the Vendée]] and the [[Napoleonic War]]s, which caused the breed to become rare. Crossed with the Arabian and the Thoroughbred horse breeds during the 19th century, then re-converted to [[horse racing]], the [[purebred]] Limousin horse largely disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in part due to the new popularity of the [[Anglo-Arabian]]. The Limousin horse was merged into the [[Selle Français]] breed in 1958.


== See also ==
The modern-day [[limousine]] is named for the Limousin [[horse breed]] and the [[carriage|horse carriage]]s that predated [[mechanization|mechanized]] [[automobile]]s.
* [[List of French horse breeds]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Commons category|Limousin horse}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Aubrun">{{cite book |last1=Aubrun |first1=Michel |author-link=:fr:Michel Aubrun |title=L'Ancien diocèse de Limoges des origines au milieu du XIe siècle |language=fr |trans-title=The Old Diocese of Limoges from its origins to the middle of the 11th century |date=1981 |publisher=Institut d'études du massif central |location=[[Clermont-Ferrand]], France |pages=94–97 |isbn=978-2-87741-020-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGivnXa7OUC&dq=L'Ancien%20dioc%C3%A8se%20de%20Limoges&pg=PA94}}</ref>

<ref name="Barriere">{{cite book |last1=de Blomac |first1=Nicole |last2=Barrière |first2=Bernadette |title=Cheval limousin, chevaux en Limousin |language=fr |trans-title=Limousin horse, horses in Limousin |date=2006 |publisher=Presses Univ. Limoges |location=France |isbn=9782842874049}}</ref>

<ref name="Denis">{{cite journal |last1=Denis |first1=Bernard |title=Les races de chevaux en France au XVIIIe siècle. Et les idées relatives à leur amélioration |language=fr |trans-title=Horse Breeds in France in the 18th Century. And Ideas for Their Improvement |journal=In Situ |date=30 July 2012 |issue=18 |doi=10.4000/insitu.9677 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/insitu/9677 |access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Leclerc">{{cite book |last=Leclerc |first=Georges-Louis |author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon |title=L'Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi |language=fr |trans-title=Natural History, General and Particular, with a Description of the King's Cabinet |title-link=Histoire Naturelle |volume=IV |date=1754 |page=235 |quote=(translated) There are horses of all kinds in France, but the best ones are few in number; the best saddle horses come from Limosin; they are quite similar to the Barbes, and like them are excellent for hunting, but they are slow in their growth; they must be taken care of in their youth, and even not used until the age of eight.}} ([https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1067230t/f259.item.zoom page 235])</ref>

<ref name="pace">{{cite web |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine |url=https://csis.pace.edu/grendel/WS1/eleanor1.htm |via=Pace University |access-date=27 September 2024 |author=Ching Man Au}}</ref>

<ref name="theequinest">{{Cite web|title=Limousin Horse|date=9 August 2010 |url=http://www.theequinest.com/breeds/limousin/|access-date=2020-06-25 |website=The Equinest}}</ref>

<ref name="Vallon">{{cite book |last1=Vallon |first1=Alexandre-Bernard |title=Cours d'hippologie à l'usage de MM. les officiers de l'armée |language=fr |trans-title=Hippology course for the use of army officers |date=1863 |publisher=Javaud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-g9AAAAcAAJ |access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>

}}


{{Horse breeds of France}}
{{Horse breeds of France}}


{{#related:List of French Horse Breeds}}
[[Category:Extinct horse breeds]]
[[Category:Extinct horse breeds]]



{{Horse-breed-stub}}
{{Horse-breed-stub}}

Latest revision as of 07:21, 8 October 2024

Limousin
Limousin filly (1923)
Conservation statusExtinct
Country of originFrance

The Limousin horse (French: cheval limousin, Occitan: caval lemosin) is an extinct French and Occitan horse breed that was bred from the 12th century to the 20th century as a saddle horse, as well as to pull horse carriages, in the Limousin region of France, formerly part of Aquitaine and Occitania.[1][better source needed] The genetic foundation was based off of French native mares, Iberian horses, English Thoroughbreds, Arabians, and Anglo-Arabians. This breed was later influential in the 1958 creation of the Selle Français, a new French horse breed that merged several French regional horse breeds, including the Anglo-Norman horse, into one sport horse type.

With the earliest records of the breed dating back to the 12th century (1100s), with some documents dating the origins of the breed to as early as 506 A.D.[2] and 1063 A.D.,[3][page needed] Limousin horses were bred during the Middle Ages and the era of the Angevin Empire (French: Espace Plantagenet) during the 12th-13th centuries, when the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duchess of Aquitaine, and King Henry II of England, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, brought Aquitaine under the control of the House of Plantagenet and England. Horses were an important resource for the Duchy of Aquitaine for both military purposes and equestrian sports, and early Limousin horses served as mounts for Eleanor of Aquitaine[4][failed verification] and Aquitainian troops, as well as crusaders to the Holy Land.[3][page needed]

Limousin horses are also mentioned in the Chanson d'Antioche (c. 1180) as being used in First Crusade (1096–1099) by knights.[3][page needed] Some attribute Turkoman horses and Arabian horses brought back from the Crusades as giving the Limousin its conformation.[5][page needed]

A horse of medium size, Leclerc wrote in the 1700s that the best French saddle horses came from Limousin and were quite similar to the Barb horse.[6]: 235  It had a great reputation due to its association with French royalty and nobility until the French Revolution, as Limousin provided many horses for the army of King Louis XIV of France and the French cavalry. François Robichon de La Guérinière and Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon said the Limousin was "the best horse in France" from the 16th to 19th centuries.[5][page needed][7]: 4–5 

Once used in sports like fox hunting, as well as field hunter and show hunter disciplines, the Limousin horse was also an excellent riding mount, bred largely by French aristocrats, bourgeois, and the Pompadour National Stud Farm at Pompadour Castle in Arnac-Pompadour, Corrèze, France. The two most common breed colors were bay and gray, with the average height of Limousin horses being around 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm) to 15.2 hands (62 inches, 157 cm). The head of the Limousin horse was described as "long, with a convex profile", and it had "strong and small feet" and "excellent agility", being used in light cavalry divisions, as well as in classical dressage.

The use of the breed as a popular cavalry mount led to frequent requisitions under the First French Republic and the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; and, in particular, for the War in the Vendée and the Napoleonic Wars, which caused the breed to become rare. Crossed with the Arabian and the Thoroughbred horse breeds during the 19th century, then re-converted to horse racing, the purebred Limousin horse largely disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in part due to the new popularity of the Anglo-Arabian. The Limousin horse was merged into the Selle Français breed in 1958.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Limousin horse.
  1. ^ "Limousin Horse". The Equinest. 9 August 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  2. ^ Aubrun, Michel [in French] (1981). L'Ancien diocèse de Limoges des origines au milieu du XIe siècle [The Old Diocese of Limoges from its origins to the middle of the 11th century] (in French). Clermont-Ferrand, France: Institut d'études du massif central. pp. 94–97. ISBN 978-2-87741-020-5.
  3. ^ a b c de Blomac, Nicole; Barrière, Bernadette (2006). Cheval limousin, chevaux en Limousin [Limousin horse, horses in Limousin] (in French). France: Presses Univ. Limoges. ISBN 9782842874049.
  4. ^ Ching Man Au. "Eleanor of Aquitaine". Retrieved 27 September 2024 – via Pace University.
  5. ^ a b Vallon, Alexandre-Bernard (1863). Cours d'hippologie à l'usage de MM. les officiers de l'armée [Hippology course for the use of army officers] (in French). Javaud. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  6. ^ Leclerc, Georges-Louis (1754). L'Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi [Natural History, General and Particular, with a Description of the King's Cabinet] (in French). Vol. IV. p. 235. (translated) There are horses of all kinds in France, but the best ones are few in number; the best saddle horses come from Limosin; they are quite similar to the Barbes, and like them are excellent for hunting, but they are slow in their growth; they must be taken care of in their youth, and even not used until the age of eight. (page 235)
  7. ^ Denis, Bernard (30 July 2012). "Les races de chevaux en France au XVIIIe siècle. Et les idées relatives à leur amélioration" [Horse Breeds in France in the 18th Century. And Ideas for Their Improvement]. In Situ (in French) (18). doi:10.4000/insitu.9677. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
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