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| caption =Tlapallite on matrix from Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, Municipio de Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico. Picture width: 29 mm
| caption =Tlapallite on matrix from Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, Municipio de Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico. Picture width: 29 mm
| category = [[:Category:Tellurate and selenate minerals|Tellurate minerals]]
| category = [[:Category:Tellurate and selenate minerals|Tellurate minerals]]
| formula = H<sub>6</sub>(Ca,Pb)<sub>2</sub>(Cu,Zn)<sub>3</sub>(TeO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(TeO<sub>6</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)
| formula = {{chem2|(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te(4+)3Te(6+)O12]2(Te(4+)O3)2(SO4)2*3H2O}}
| IMAsymbol = Tpl<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight =
| molweight =
| strunz = 4.JL.25
| strunz = 4.JL.25
| dana = 34.8.2.1
| dana = 34.8.2.1
| system = [[Monoclinic]] <br/>Unknown space group
| system = [[Monoclinic]] <br/> P3 2 1
| symmetry =
| symmetry =
| unit cell = a = 11.97&nbsp;[[Ångström|Å]] , b = 9.11&nbsp;Å <br/>c = 15.66&nbsp;Å; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| unit cell = a = 11.97&nbsp;[[Ångström|Å]], b = 9.11&nbsp;Å <br/>c = 15.66&nbsp;Å; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| color = Green
| color = Green
| colour =
| colour =
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| diaphaneity =Translucent
| diaphaneity =Translucent
| gravity =5.38 (measured)
| gravity =5.38 (measured)
5.05-5.465 (calculated)
5.05–5.465 (calculated)
| density =
| density =
| polish =
| polish =
| opticalprop =Biaxial (-)
| opticalprop =Biaxial (−)
| refractive =n<sub>α</sub> = 1.815 - 1.915 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.960 - 2.115 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.960 - 2.115
| refractive =n<sub>α</sub> = 1.815 – 1.915 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.960 – 2.115 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.960 – 2.115
| birefringence =δ = 0.1450-0.2000
| birefringence =δ = 0.1450–0.2000
| pleochroism =Moderate, different shades of green
| pleochroism =Moderate, different shades of green
| 2V =0
| 2V =0
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| fusibility =Fuses readily
| fusibility =Fuses readily
| diagnostic =Thin green paint-like crusts
| diagnostic =Thin green paint-like crusts
| solubility =Soluble in cold HCl
| solubility =Soluble in cold HCl <br/>
Slightly soluble in HNO<sub>3</sub> unless heated
Slightly soluble in HNO<sub>3</sub> unless heated
| impurities =
| impurities =
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}}
}}


'''Tlapallite''' is a rare and complex [[tellurate]] [[mineral]] with the chemical formula {{chem2|(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te(4+)3Te(6+)O12]2(Te(4+)O3)2(SO4)2*3H2O}}. It has a [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Moh's hardness]] of 3 and it is green in colour. It was named after the [[Nahuatl|Nahua]] word "Tlalpalli", which translates to paint, referring to the paint-like habit of the mineral.<ref name=":0" /> Its formula and crystal structure were redefined in 2019, showing it contained a mixed-valence phyllotellurate layer {{chem2|[Te(4+)3Te(6+)O12](12-)}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Missen|first1=Owen P.|last2=Kampf|first2=Anthony R.|last3=Mills|first3=Stuart J.|last4=Housley|first4=Robert M.|last5=Spratt|first5=John|last6=Welch|first6=Mark D.|last7=Coolbaugh|first7=Mark F.|last8=Marty|first8=Joe|last9=Chorazewicz|first9=Marek|last10=Ferraris|first10=Cristiano|date=2019|title=The crystal structures of the mixed-valence tellurium oxysalts tlapallite}}, {{chem2|(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te(4+)3Te(6+)O12]2(Te(4+)O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O}}, and carlfriesite, {{chem2|CaTe(4+)2Te(6+)O8}}{{cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/crystal-structures-of-the-mixedvalence-tellurium-oxysalts-tlapallite-capb3cacu6te43te6o122te4o32so423h2o-and-carlfriesite-cate42te6o8/52763FBB654B9FD2C7AC19D0F3DDC833|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|language=en|volume=83|issue=4|pages=539–549|doi=10.1180/mgm.2019.9|s2cid=135390072|issn=0026-461X|title=The crystal structures of the mixed-valence tellurium oxysalts tlapallite, (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6&#91;Te4+3Te6+O12&#93;2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, and carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8|year=2019|last1=Missen|first1=Owen P.|last2=Kampf|first2=Anthony R.|last3=Mills|first3=Stuart J.|last4=Housley|first4=Robert M.|last5=Spratt|first5=John|last6=Welch|first6=Mark D.|last7=Coolbaugh|first7=Mark F.|last8=Marty|first8=Joe|last9=Chorazewicz|first9=Marek|last10=Ferraris|first10=Cristiano|bibcode=2019MinM...83..539M}}</ref>
'''Tlapallite''' is a rare and complex [[tellurate]] [[mineral]] with the formula [[Hydrogen|H]]'''<sub>6</sub>'''([[Calcium|Ca]],[[Lead|Pb]])<sub>2</sub>([[Copper|Cu]],[[Zinc|Zn]])<sub>3</sub>([[Tellurium|Te]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>([[Tellurium|Te]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>6</sub>)([[Sulfur|S]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>). It has a [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Moh's hardness]] of 3 and it is green in colour. It was named after the [[Nahuatl|Nahua]] word "Tlalpalli", which translates to paint, referring to the paint-like habit of the mineral.<ref name=":0" /> It has no uses beyond being a collector's item.


== Occurrence ==
== Occurrence ==
It was discovered in 1972 the Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, [[Moctezuma, Sonora|Municipio de Moctezuma]], [[Sonora]], [[Mexico]], a mine known for its tellurium deposits, and it was approved by the [[International Mineralogical Association|IMA]] in 1977. Here, it is found as thin paint-like crusts on rock fractures and next to thin veins running through [[rhyolite]]. It is often found as a thin film on [[quartz]], [[sericite]], [[calcite]] or [[baryte]], but it also forms botryoidal aggregates. It is often found alone, but may be associated with other minerals, especially [[carlfriesite]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=S.A. Williams and Marjorie Duggan|date=June 1978|title=Tlapallite, a new mineral from Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico|url=http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_42/42-322-183.pdf|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume= 42|issue=322|pages=183–186|doi=10.1180/minmag.1978.042.322.03|pmid=|access-date=|via=|citeseerx=10.1.1.615.5877}}</ref> It has also been found in the emerald mine in [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone District]],&nbsp;[[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise County]], Arizona in the [[United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3983.html|title=Tlapallite: Tlapallite mineral information and data.|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webmineral.com/data/Tlapallite.shtml#.V9o0Gyh97tQ|title=Tlapallite Mineral Data|last=Barthelmy|first=Dave|website=www.webmineral.com|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/tlapallite.pdf|title=Handbook of Mineralogy|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
It was discovered in 1972 the Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, [[Moctezuma, Sonora|Municipio de Moctezuma]], [[Sonora]], [[Mexico]], a mine known for its tellurium deposits, and it was approved by the [[International Mineralogical Association|IMA]] in 1977. Here, it is found as thin paint-like crusts on rock fractures and next to thin veins running through [[rhyolite]]. It is often found as a thin film on [[quartz]], [[sericite]], [[calcite]] or [[baryte]], but it also forms botryoidal aggregates. It is often found alone, but may be associated with other minerals, especially [[carlfriesite]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=S.A. Williams and Marjorie Duggan|date=June 1978|title=Tlapallite, a new mineral from Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico|url=http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_42/42-322-183.pdf|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume= 42|issue=322|pages=183–186|doi=10.1180/minmag.1978.042.322.03|bibcode=1978MinM...42..183W|citeseerx=10.1.1.615.5877|s2cid=53411207 }}</ref> It has also been found in the emerald mine in [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone District]],&nbsp;[[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise County]], Arizona in the [[United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3983.html|title=Tlapallite: Tlapallite mineral information and data.|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webmineral.com/data/Tlapallite.shtml#.V9o0Gyh97tQ|title=Tlapallite Mineral Data|last=Barthelmy|first=Dave|website=www.webmineral.com|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/tlapallite.pdf|title=Handbook of Mineralogy}}</ref>


The habit of the mineral suggests it precipitates from rapidly drying acid solutions. It seems to form in the transitory phase when other [[tellurium]] minerals, like [[tlalocite]], [[cesbronite]], [[xocomecatlite]], [[quetzalcoatlite]], [[teineite]] and [[carlfriesite]], start to break down.<ref name=":1" />
The habit of the mineral suggests it precipitates from rapidly drying acid solutions. It seems to form in the transitory phase when other [[tellurium]] minerals, like [[tlalocite]], [[cesbronite]], [[xocomecatlite]], [[quetzalcoatlite]], [[teineite]] and [[carlfriesite]], start to break down.<ref name=":1" />
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{{Selenites, selenates, tellurites, and tellurates}}
{{Selenites, selenates, tellurites, and tellurates}}


[[Category:Copper minerals]]
[[Category:Copper(II) minerals]]
[[Category:Sulfate minerals]]
[[Category:Sulfate minerals]]
[[Category:Lead minerals]]
[[Category:Lead minerals]]

Latest revision as of 00:17, 9 October 2024

Tlapallite
Tlapallite on matrix from Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, Municipio de Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico. Picture width: 29 mm
General
CategoryTellurate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O
IMA symbolTpl[1]
Strunz classification4.JL.25
Dana classification34.8.2.1
Crystal systemMonoclinic
P3 2 1
Unit cella = 11.97 Å, b = 9.11 Å
c = 15.66 Å; Z = 4
Identification
ColorGreen
Crystal habitThin crusts or botryoidal aggregates
CleavageNone
Mohs scale hardness3
LusterVitreous, Waxy
StreakPale green
DiaphaneityTranslucent
Specific gravity5.38 (measured) 5.05–5.465 (calculated)
Optical propertiesBiaxial (−)
Refractive indexnα = 1.815 – 1.915 nβ = 1.960 – 2.115 nγ = 1.960 – 2.115
Birefringenceδ = 0.1450–0.2000
PleochroismModerate, different shades of green
2V angle0
Ultraviolet fluorescenceNone
FusibilityFuses readily
Diagnostic featuresThin green paint-like crusts
SolubilitySoluble in cold HCl
Slightly soluble in HNO3 unless heated
References[1][2][3][4]

Tlapallite is a rare and complex tellurate mineral with the chemical formula (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O. It has a Moh's hardness of 3 and it is green in colour. It was named after the Nahua word "Tlalpalli", which translates to paint, referring to the paint-like habit of the mineral.[2] Its formula and crystal structure were redefined in 2019, showing it contained a mixed-valence phyllotellurate layer [Te4+3Te6+O12]12−.[3]

Occurrence

[edit]

It was discovered in 1972 the Bambollita mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, Municipio de Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico, a mine known for its tellurium deposits, and it was approved by the IMA in 1977. Here, it is found as thin paint-like crusts on rock fractures and next to thin veins running through rhyolite. It is often found as a thin film on quartz, sericite, calcite or baryte, but it also forms botryoidal aggregates. It is often found alone, but may be associated with other minerals, especially carlfriesite.[4] It has also been found in the emerald mine in Tombstone District, Cochise County, Arizona in the United States.[2][5][6]

The habit of the mineral suggests it precipitates from rapidly drying acid solutions. It seems to form in the transitory phase when other tellurium minerals, like tlalocite, cesbronite, xocomecatlite, quetzalcoatlite, teineite and carlfriesite, start to break down.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b "Tlapallite: Tlapallite mineral information and data". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
  3. ^ Missen, Owen P.; Kampf, Anthony R.; Mills, Stuart J.; Housley, Robert M.; Spratt, John; Welch, Mark D.; Coolbaugh, Mark F.; Marty, Joe; Chorazewicz, Marek; Ferraris, Cristiano (2019). "The crystal structures of the mixed-valence tellurium oxysalts tlapallite". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help), (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, and carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8Missen, Owen P.; Kampf, Anthony R.; Mills, Stuart J.; Housley, Robert M.; Spratt, John; Welch, Mark D.; Coolbaugh, Mark F.; Marty, Joe; Chorazewicz, Marek; Ferraris, Cristiano (2019). "The crystal structures of the mixed-valence tellurium oxysalts tlapallite, (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, and carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8". Mineralogical Magazine. 83 (4): 539–549. Bibcode:2019MinM...83..539M. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.9. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 135390072.
  4. ^ a b S.A. Williams and Marjorie Duggan (June 1978). "Tlapallite, a new mineral from Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 42 (322): 183–186. Bibcode:1978MinM...42..183W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.615.5877. doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.322.03. S2CID 53411207.
  5. ^ Barthelmy, Dave. "Tlapallite Mineral Data". www.webmineral.com. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
  6. ^ "Handbook of Mineralogy" (PDF).


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