2011 Helmand Province killing: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Manslaughter of a wounded Taliban insurgent by Alexander Blackman}} |
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[[File:Helmand in Afghanistan.svg|right|thumb|Map of [[Afghanistan]] with [[Helmand Province|Helmand]] highlighted]] |
[[File:Helmand in Afghanistan.svg|right|thumb|Map of [[Afghanistan]] with [[Helmand Province|Helmand]] highlighted]] |
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The '''2011 Helmand Province killing''' was the [[manslaughter in English law|manslaughter]] of |
The '''2011 Helmand Province killing''' was the [[manslaughter in English law|manslaughter]] of a wounded<!-- How severely? --> [[Taliban]] [[insurgent]] by Alexander Blackman, which occurred on 15 September 2011.<ref name="BBC manslaughter">{{cite news|title=Royal Marine Alexander Blackman gets seven years for Taliban killing|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39417239|access-date=28 March 2017|work=BBC News|date=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="BAILII"/> Three [[Royal Marines]], known during their trial as Marines A, B, and C, were anonymously tried by [[court martial]]. On 8 November 2013,<ref name="BAILII"/><ref name="BBC guilty"/><ref name="BBC named"/> Marines B and C were acquitted,<ref name="BAILII"/><ref name="Independent jailed"/> but Blackman (Marine A) was initially found guilty of [[Murder in English law|murder]] of the [[Afghans|Afghan]] insurgent,<ref name="BAILII"/> in contravention of section 42 of the [[Armed Forces Act 2006]].<ref name="BBC named"/> This made him the first [[British Armed Forces|British soldier]] to be convicted of a battlefield murder whilst serving abroad since the Second World War.<ref name="Telegraph sentenced long"/> |
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On 6 December 2013, Blackman was sentenced to [[Life imprisonment in England and Wales|life imprisonment]] with a [[minimum term]] of ten years,<ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/> and [[Dishonourable discharge|dismissed with disgrace]] from the |
On 6 December 2013, Blackman was sentenced to [[Life imprisonment in England and Wales|life imprisonment]] with a [[minimum term]] of ten years,<ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/> and [[Dishonourable discharge|dismissed with disgrace]] from the Royal Marines.<ref name="R v Blackman"/> On 22 May 2014, the [[Courts Martial Appeal Court]] reduced his minimum term to eight years.<ref name="BAILII 2014"/> |
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This led to a campaign<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34659199|title = Protest over Royal Marine's Afghanistan murder conviction|work = BBC News|date = 28 October 2015}}</ref> by the Armed Forces community to have his conviction overturned, led by Claire Blackman and the MP for [[South Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)|South Dorset]], [[Richard Drax]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.richarddrax.com/campaigns/freeing-sergeant-alexander-blackman|title = Freeing Sergeant Alexander Blackman}}</ref> During the campaign to free him, the Criminal Cases Review Commission concluded that Alexander Blackman's defence team fell "way below the standard expected".<ref>{{cite news |title=Jailed marine Alexander Blackman's defence team 'fell below standard required', official report concludes |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129120115/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/03/jailed-marine-alexander-blackmans-defence-team-fell-standard/ |archive-date=29 November 2021 |url-status=live |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/03/jailed-marine-alexander-blackmans-defence-team-fell-standard/ |last1=Foster |first1=Patrick }}</ref> At the subsequent appeal hearing in 2017, the conviction was overturned and the hearing stated that "At the time of the killing the patrol remained under threat from other insurgents ... Given his prior exemplary conduct, we have concluded that it was the combination of the stressors, the other matters to which we have referred and his adjustment disorder that substantially impaired his ability to form a rational judgment."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/15/alexander-blackman-royal-marine-a-judges-quash-murder-conviction|title = Judges quash UK marine Alexander Blackman's murder conviction| website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date = 15 March 2017}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In March 2017, the conviction for murder was overturned and reduced to [[Manslaughter in English law|manslaughter]] on the grounds of [[Diminished responsibility in English law|diminished responsibility]]. |
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| ⚫ | In March 2017, the conviction for murder was overturned and reduced to [[Manslaughter in English law|manslaughter]] on the grounds of [[Diminished responsibility in English law|diminished responsibility]]. Blackman was released from prison on 28 April 2017 but his dismissal from the Marines remains in place.<ref>Press Association: [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/apr/28/marine-a-alexander-blackman-released-from-prison "Marine A: Alexander Blackman released from prison"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 28 April 2017.</ref> |
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== Incident == |
== Incident == |
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The incident took place in [[Helmand Province]] during [[Operation Herrick]] 14,<ref name="Guardian named"/> part of the [[British Armed Forces|British]] effort in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]. Blackman, of J company, [[42 Commando]], [[Royal Marines]],<ref name="R v ABCDE"/> was part of a Marine patrol that came across an Afghan fighter in a field wounded by [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache helicopter]] gunfire.<ref name="BAILII"/><ref name="Telegraph sentenced long"/><ref name="R v Blackman"/> Blackman ordered the Afghan to be moved out of sight of the [[ |
The incident took place in [[Helmand Province]] during [[Operation Herrick]] 14,<ref name="Guardian named"/> part of the [[British Armed Forces|British]] effort in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]. Blackman, of J company, [[42 Commando]], [[Royal Marines]],<ref name="R v ABCDE"/> was part of a Marine patrol that came across an Afghan fighter in a field wounded by [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache helicopter]] gunfire.<ref name="BAILII"/><ref name="Telegraph sentenced long"/><ref name="R v Blackman"/> Blackman ordered the Afghan to be moved out of sight of the [[Kestrel (surveillance system)|Kestrel surveillance system]],<ref name="BAILII"/> a camera on a balloon above British [[Forward Operating Base]] [[List of ISAF installations in Afghanistan#Helmand Province|Shazad]], [[Helmand]], covering the area Blackman's patrol had been sent to.<ref name="BAILII 2014"/> Video evidence played at the Marines' subsequent trial shows some of the patrol dragging the man across the field and then kicking him.<ref name="Mirror audio"/> Blackman ordered Marine B and C to stop administering [[first aid]] to the insurgent<ref name="BAILII"/> and eventually shot the man in the chest with a 9 mm [[pistol]],<ref name="R v Blackman"/><ref name="Mirror audio"/> saying: "Shuffle off this mortal coil, you [[cunt]]. It's nothing you wouldn't do to us."<ref name="Telegraph sentenced long"/><ref name="Guardian BC"/><ref name="Mirror audio"/><ref name="Mirror jailed"/> He then added: "I just broke the [[Geneva Convention]]."<ref name="BBC named"/><ref name="BBC One"/> |
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== Criminal trial, appeals, and sentencing == |
== Criminal trial, appeals, and sentencing == |
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After the 15 September incident, Blackman continued with his tour of duty, leaving |
After the 15 September incident, Blackman continued with his tour of duty, leaving Helmand Province in late October 2011.<ref name="Guardian named"/> On 13 October 2012, at the decision of the [[Service Prosecution Authority]], Marines A–E were [[Criminal charge|charge]]d with the murder of the unnamed Afghan insurgent.<ref name="BAILII"/> The lead came after British [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|civilian police]] discovered suspicious video footage on a serviceman's laptop.<ref name="BBC guilty"/> Marines D and E had charges against them dropped on 5 February 2013.<ref name="BAILII"/> Marines A, B and C first appeared in court in August 2013, where they entered a not guilty [[plea]].<ref name="BBC guilty"/> The military trial of Marines A, B and C, protected from view in court behind a screen because of an anonymity order,<ref name="BBC guilty"/> began on 23 October 2013<ref name="BAILII"/> and lasted two weeks.<ref name="BBC guilty"/> Their Court Martial board (equivalent to a jury in the civilian justice system)<ref name="BAILII"/> was seven members strong,<ref name="BBC named"/><ref name="Mirror jailed"/> instead of the five used for less serious cases.<ref name="Guardian minimum term"/> |
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The [[verdict]] (8 November 2013)<ref name="BAILII"/> and [[Sentence (law)|sentence]] (6 December 2013) were both delivered at the Military Court Centre in [[Bulford]], Wiltshire.<ref name="BBC guilty"/><ref name="BBC named"/><ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/> The judge advocate (the civilian judge heading the panel at a court |
The [[verdict]] (8 November 2013)<ref name="BAILII"/> and [[Sentence (law)|sentence]] (6 December 2013) were both delivered at the Military Court Centre in [[Bulford]], Wiltshire.<ref name="BBC guilty"/><ref name="BBC named"/><ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/> The judge advocate (the civilian judge heading the panel at a court martial)<ref name="Guardian minimum term"/> was [[Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces|Judge Advocate General]] [[Jeff Blackett]].<ref name="Telegraph sentenced long"/> The verdict carried with it a mandatory life sentence,<ref name="BBC guilty"/><ref name="R v Blackman"/> so it was only in the judge advocate's and Court Martial board's power to decide on the minimum sentence once the board had found Blackman guilty.<ref name="Guardian minimum term"/> He was sentenced to a minimum of 10 years in prison.<ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/> On 22 May 2014, at the [[Courts Martial Appeal Court]], its most senior judge, [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] [[John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd|Lord Thomas]] upheld the life sentence, but reduced Blackman's minimum term to 8 years.<ref name="BAILII 2014"/> |
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In December 2016 Blackman was denied [[bail]] pending a second appeal due to be heard by the [[Court Martial Appeal Court]] (CMAC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38397205 | |
In December 2016 Blackman was denied [[bail]] pending a second appeal due to be heard by the [[Court Martial Appeal Court]] (CMAC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38397205 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161221211616/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-38397205 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |url-status=live |title=Murder appeal ex-marine Alexander Blackman refused bail |date=21 December 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=21 December 2016 }}</ref> On 15 March 2017, the CMAC reduced the conviction to manslaughter on the grounds of [[Diminished responsibility in English law|diminished responsibility]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Marine Alexander Blackman conviction reduced to manslaughter |work=[[BBC News]] |date=15 March 2017 |access-date=15 March 2017 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39278929}}</ref> UK newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that, "Outside court Blackman's wife, Claire, who has led the campaign to free the former sergeant, said she was delighted by the result saying it 'much better reflected the circumstances that [her] husband found himself in during that terrible tour of Afghanistan'."<ref name="Guardian 15 March 2017">{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Steven |title=Judges quash UK marine Alexander Blackman's murder conviction |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/15/alexander-blackman-royal-marine-a-judges-quash-murder-conviction |date=15 March 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |access-date=15 March 2017 }}</ref> |
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On 28 March 2017, Blackman was given a 7-year sentence for |
On 28 March 2017, Blackman was given a 7-year sentence for manslaughter with diminished responsibility, but was given credit for [[time served]], and was freed on 28 April 2017.<ref name="BBC manslaughter"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/apr/28/marine-a-alexander-blackman-released-from-prison |title=Marine A, who killed wounded Taliban fighter, released from prison |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 April 2017}}</ref> |
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== Anonymity orders == |
== Anonymity orders == |
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[[File:London Royal Courts of Justice 501523 h000008.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Royal Courts of Justice|Law Courts]] building, housing the [[High Court of Justice of England and Wales|High Court]], which issued a ruling leading to three of the Marines involved being publicly named]] |
[[File:London Royal Courts of Justice 501523 h000008.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Royal Courts of Justice|Law Courts]] building, housing the [[High Court of Justice of England and Wales|High Court]], which issued a ruling leading to three of the Marines involved being publicly named]] |
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Running in parallel to the Marines' criminal trial were legal proceedings relating to the anonymity of the defendants. In the autumn of 2012, Judges Advocate Elsom and |
Running in parallel to the Marines' criminal trial were legal proceedings relating to the anonymity of the defendants. In the autumn of 2012, Judges Advocate Elsom and Blackett issued [[anonymity order]]s for the Marine defendants due to the risk that, once named, the defendants would become targets for terrorists.<ref name="BAILII"/><ref name="Guardian named"/> The move had been opposed by elements of the UK media.<ref name="BAILII"/> A lawyer for the [[Press Association]] argued that anonymity orders should not be issued in this case because British [[Military awards and decorations of the United Kingdom|military award]] recipients named in the media had not been previously targeted; and that the names of those British service personnel investigated following the [[death of Baha Mousa]] had not been similarly protected.<ref name="Judiciary 2012"/> The 2012 anonymity orders were upheld at the beginning of the trial in October 2013.<ref name="BAILII"/> |
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On 5 December 2013,<ref name="BBC named"/> [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] [[John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd|Lord Thomas]] and two other [[High Court in London|High Court]] judges lifted the existing |
On 5 December 2013,<ref name="BBC named"/> [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] [[John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd|Lord Thomas]] and two other [[High Court in London|High Court]] judges lifted the existing anonymity order on Marine A, allowing him to be named as [[Sergeant#Royal Marines and British Army|Sergeant]] Alexander Wayne Blackman.<ref name="Guardian named"/><ref name="R v ABCDE"/> The same ruling had it that the identities of Marines B and C also be revealed unless they submit an appeal to the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom|Supreme Court]].<ref name="Guardian BC"/> No such appeal was lodged within the set deadline, and so, on 19 December 2013, Marine B was named as Corporal Christopher Glyn Watson and Marine C was named as Marine Jack Alexander Hammond.<ref name="Guardian BC"/><ref name="R v ABCDE 19 Dec"/> The anonymity of Marines D and E was upheld on 19 December "pending any further order by the Judge Advocate General".<ref name="R v ABCDE 19 Dec"/> |
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Blackett also restricted public access to the evidence used at the trial, releasing on 8 November stills, audio clips and transcripts from the serviceman's video that was played to the Court Martial board,<ref name="Mirror audio"/> but ruling that the full video itself not be released,<ref name="Guardian named"/><ref name="Mirror audio"/><ref name="DVD"/> since doing so "would increase the threat of harm to British service personnel."<ref name="Mirror audio"/><ref name="DVD"/> On 5 December 2013, the Court Martial Appeal Court upheld the earlier decisions prohibiting the release of the video footage of the attack and some of the stills from it.<ref name="BAILII"/> The Court stated, however, that the prohibition was to prevent the material being used for [[radicalisation]], rather than it posing a risk to the life of the defendants.<ref name="BAILII"/> |
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== Reactions == |
== Reactions == |
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The legal proceedings relating to the Marines received widespread |
The legal proceedings relating to the Marines received widespread public and media attention in the UK. |
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Reacting to Blackman's guilty verdict, Royal Marines [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] [[Bill Dunham]] called the murder a "shocking and appalling aberration" that was "not consistent with the ethos, values and standards of the Royal Marines", but was nevertheless an "isolated incident".<ref name="BBC guilty"/> [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] Sir [[Mike Jackson (British Army officer)|Mike Jackson]] said he was "saddened" by the case.<ref name="BBC guilty"/> |
Reacting to Blackman's guilty verdict, Royal Marines [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] [[Bill Dunham]] called the murder a "shocking and appalling aberration" that was "not consistent with the ethos, values and standards of the Royal Marines", but was nevertheless an "isolated incident".<ref name="BBC guilty"/> [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] Sir [[Mike Jackson (British Army officer)|Mike Jackson]] said he was "saddened" by the case.<ref name="BBC guilty"/> |
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Blackman's guilty verdict led to a showing of public support for the Marine, with people creating [[social media]] groups and online petitions |
Blackman's guilty verdict led to a showing of public support for the Marine, with people creating [[social media]] groups and online petitions asking that he be given a lenient sentence or calling for his release.<ref name="Telegraph wife"/> ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' supported one [[Change.org]] petition for leniency.<ref name="Telegraph petition"/> |
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When Blackman was sentenced to life imprisonment with a tariff of 10 years, [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] Sir [[Nick Houghton]] called his actions a "heinous crime" and commented that "murder is murder".<ref name="Telegraph wife"/> By contrast, Blackman's commanding officer, [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Simon Chapman, [[42 Commando]], said in a letter read to the court that Blackman had had a "momentary ... lapse of judgment" and was "not a bad man", and added that Blackman had his "full support".<ref> |
When Blackman was sentenced to life imprisonment with a tariff of 10 years, [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] Sir [[Nick Houghton]] called his actions a "heinous crime" and commented that "murder is murder".<ref name="Telegraph wife"/> By contrast, Blackman's commanding officer, [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Simon Chapman, [[42 Commando]], said in a letter read to the court that Blackman had had a "momentary ... lapse of judgment" and was "not a bad man", and added that Blackman had his "full support".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-25268710 |title=Commanding officer's letter defends Sergeant Alexander Blackman |work=BBC News |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> Blackman himself said in a statement that he was "devastated" and "very sorry for any damage caused to the Royal Marines".<ref name="Telegraph sentenced"/><ref name="Mirror jailed"/> |
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In |
In November 2013, [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[Oliver A. Lee|Oliver Lee OBE]], commanding officer of [[45 Commando]] during Operation Herrick 14, resigned in protest at the narrowness of Blackman's court martial and his being prevented from giving evidence to it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/angus-the-mearns/former-arbroath-co-quits-royal-marines-accusing-military-chiefs-of-alexander-blackman-betrayal-1.899550 |title=Former Arbroath CO quits Royal Marines, accusing military chiefs of Alexander Blackman betrayal |last=Strachan |first=Graeme |date=11 September 2015 |work=[[The Courier (Dundee)|The Courier]] |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> Lee went on to give evidence at the Court Martial Appeal Court in 2017 where Blackman's conviction was reduced from murder to manslaughter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akam |first=Simon |date=3 April 2021 |title=War, justice and the real story behind 'Marine A' |work=[[GQ]] |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/politics/article/marine-a|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403061848/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/politics/article/marine-a |archive-date=3 April 2021 }}</ref> |
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On 28 October 2015, the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] banned a large number of serving soldiers from attending a rally in support of Sergeant Blackman, saying that the event was a "political protest". However, lawyers representing the rally organisers stated that |
On 28 October 2015, the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] banned a large number of serving soldiers from attending a rally in support of Sergeant Blackman, saying that the event was a "political protest". However, lawyers representing the rally organisers stated that, rather, the event was "a show of support to one of our fellow Royal Marines and not a 'political protest{{'"}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farmer |first=Ben |title=Troops warned not to attend Sgt Alexander Blackman rally |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11956351/Troops-warned-not-to-attend-Sgt-Alexander-Blackman-rally.html |date=26 October 2015 |work=Daily Telegraph |access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MoD bans military personnel from rally supporting jailed ex-Royal Marine |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2015-10-27/mod-bans-military-personnel-from-rally-supporting-jailed-ex-royal-marine/ |date=27 October 2015 |work=ITV News |access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> A related [[online petition]] to the government raised over 100,000 signatures calling for Blackman's immediate release, stating that the soldier had been condemned for defending his country. Within hours of the MoD's decision [[Michael Fallon]], Minister for Defence, put out a government statement saying that the UK would maintain military operations in Afghanistan for the foreseeable future.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[Killing of Abdel Fattah al-Sharif]] |
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*[[Hebron shooting incident]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name="Telegraph petition">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10439494/Petition-leniency-for-Marine-A.html| |
<ref name="Telegraph petition">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10439494/Petition-leniency-for-Marine-A.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815002543/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10439494/Petition-leniency-for-Marine-A.html|archive-date=15 August 2014|access-date=26 November 2014|url-status=live|title=Petition: leniency for Marine A|date=11 November 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Telegraph wife">{{cite news| |
<ref name="Telegraph wife">{{cite news|access-date=26 November 2014|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10517321/Marine-A-wife-It-was-war-my-husband-is-not-a-murderer.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|title=Marine A wife: It was war, my husband is not a murderer|archive-date=17 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217024542/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10517321/Marine-A-wife-It-was-war-my-husband-is-not-a-murderer.html|date=13 December 2013|first1=Ben|last1= Farmer|first2=Chris|last2= Terrill|author-link2=Chris Terrill}}</ref> |
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<ref name="BBC guilty">{{cite news|last=Littlewood|first=Alex|title=Marine guilty of Afghanistan murder|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24870699| |
<ref name="BBC guilty">{{cite news|last=Littlewood|first=Alex|title=Marine guilty of Afghanistan murder|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24870699|access-date=9 December 2013|date=8 November 2013|agency=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110085820/http://m.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24870699|archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="BBC named">{{cite news|first1=Jonathan|last1=Beale| |
<ref name="BBC named">{{cite news|first1=Jonathan|last1=Beale|author-link1=Jonathan Beale|last2=Wyatt|first2=Caroline|title=Marine convicted of Afghan murder named|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25232808|access-date=9 December 2013|agency=[[BBC News]]|date=5 December 2013|author-link2=Caroline Wyatt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205184825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25232808|archive-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Mirror audio">{{cite news|last=Stretch|first=Euan|title='Could put one in his head if you want?': Court martial tape of alleged execution released|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marines-court-martial-audio-2685674| |
<ref name="Mirror audio">{{cite news|last=Stretch|first=Euan|title='Could put one in his head if you want?': Court martial tape of alleged execution released|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marines-court-martial-audio-2685674|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=8 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109001629/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marines-court-martial-audio-2685674|archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Mirror jailed">{{cite news|last=Robson|first=Steve|title=Royal Marine Sergeant Alexander Blackman jailed for ten years for executing injured Taliban insurgent|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marine-sergeant-alexander-blackman-2897775| |
<ref name="Mirror jailed">{{cite news|last=Robson|first=Steve|title=Royal Marine Sergeant Alexander Blackman jailed for ten years for executing injured Taliban insurgent|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marine-sergeant-alexander-blackman-2897775|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=6 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206223730/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/royal-marine-sergeant-alexander-blackman-2897775|archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Guardian named">{{cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|title=Marine who murdered Taliban prisoner loses fight to remain anonymous|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/royal-marine-alexander-blackman-murdered-taliban-anonymous| |
<ref name="Guardian named">{{cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|title=Marine who murdered Taliban prisoner loses fight to remain anonymous|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/royal-marine-alexander-blackman-murdered-taliban-anonymous|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 December 2013|first2=Richard|last2=Norton-Taylor|author-link2=Richard Norton-Taylor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208052607/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/royal-marine-alexander-blackman-murdered-taliban-anonymous|archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Telegraph sentenced">{{cite news|title=Marine 'devastated' after prison sentence|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/defence/10501206/Marine-devastated-after-prison-sentence.html| |
<ref name="Telegraph sentenced">{{cite news|title=Marine 'devastated' after prison sentence|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/defence/10501206/Marine-devastated-after-prison-sentence.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207011346/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/defence/10501206/Marine-devastated-after-prison-sentence.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2013|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=6 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Telegraph sentenced long">{{cite news|last=Farmer|first=Ben|title=Killer Marine told he 'increased risk of revenge attacks' and sentenced to minimum 10 years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10500133/Killer-Marine-told-he-increased-risk-of-revenge-attacks-and-sentenced-to-minimum-10-years.html| |
<ref name="Telegraph sentenced long">{{cite news|last=Farmer|first=Ben|title=Killer Marine told he 'increased risk of revenge attacks' and sentenced to minimum 10 years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10500133/Killer-Marine-told-he-increased-risk-of-revenge-attacks-and-sentenced-to-minimum-10-years.html|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=6 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Guardian minimum term">{{cite news|last=Rozenberg|first=Joshua|title=Marine's life sentence is fixed by law – but the minimum term is not so simple|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/marine-life-sentence-sergeant-blackman-murdering-taliban-prisoner| |
<ref name="Guardian minimum term">{{cite news|last=Rozenberg|first=Joshua|title=Marine's life sentence is fixed by law – but the minimum term is not so simple|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/marine-life-sentence-sergeant-blackman-murdering-taliban-prisoner|access-date=9 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 December 2013|author-link=Joshua Rozenberg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208051856/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/05/marine-life-sentence-sergeant-blackman-murdering-taliban-prisoner|archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Independent jailed">{{cite news|title=Royal Marine Sgt Alexander Blackman jailed for life for the murder of Afghan insurgent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/royal-marine-sgt-alexander-blackman-jailed-for-life-for-the-murder-of-afghan-insurgent-8988983.html| |
<ref name="Independent jailed">{{cite news|title=Royal Marine Sgt Alexander Blackman jailed for life for the murder of Afghan insurgent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/royal-marine-sgt-alexander-blackman-jailed-for-life-for-the-murder-of-afghan-insurgent-8988983.html|access-date= 16 December 2013|date =6 December 2013|last=Morris|first=Nigel|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215184343/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/royal-marine-sgt-alexander-blackman-jailed-for-life-for-the-murder-of-afghan-insurgent-8988983.html}}</ref> |
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<ref name="R v Blackman">{{cite court |litigants= R. v. Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman |
<ref name="R v Blackman">{{cite court |litigants= R. v. Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman|court= Bulford Military Court|date= 6 December 2013|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Judgments/r-v-blackman-marine-a-sentencing+remarks.pdf|access-date= 25 November 2014}}</ref> |
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<ref name="DVD">{{cite court |litigants=R -v- Marines A, B and C |
<ref name="DVD">{{cite court |litigants=R -v- Marines A, B and C|court= Bulford Military Court|date= 28 October 2013|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Judgments/131028-ruling-release-dvd.pdf|access-date= 19 September 2014}}</ref> |
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<ref name="R v ABCDE">{{cite court |litigants= R. v. Marines A, B, C, D & E |
<ref name="R v ABCDE">{{cite court |litigants= R. v. Marines A, B, C, D & E |court= [[Military Courts of the United Kingdom#Court Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]] and Divisional Court of The [[Queen's Bench Division]] |date= 5 December 2013 |url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/marine-a-order.pdf%7Caccessdate%3D 25 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217012516/http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/marine-a-order.pdf%7Caccessdate%3D |archive-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name="R v ABCDE 19 Dec">{{cite court|date= |
<ref name="R v ABCDE 19 Dec">{{cite court|date=19 December 2013|access-date=24 November 2014|litigants=R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e/|court=[[Courts Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220093537/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Guardian BC">{{cite news|author= |
<ref name="Guardian BC">{{cite news|author=Press Association|author-link=Press Association|date=19 December 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/19/court-names-royal-marines-acquitted-afghan-murder|access-date=19 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|title=Court names Royal Marines acquitted of Afghan insurgent's murder|archive-date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220121758/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/19/court-names-royal-marines-acquitted-afghan-murder}}</ref> |
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<ref name="BAILII">{{cite BAILII|litigants=Marines A & Ors v Guardian News and Media & Other Media|link=|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2013|num=2367|para=|eucase=|parallelcite=|date=5 December 2013|courtname=[[Courts Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]]|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> |
<ref name="BAILII">{{cite BAILII|litigants=Marines A & Ors v Guardian News and Media & Other Media|link=|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2013|num=2367|para=|eucase=|parallelcite=|date=5 December 2013|courtname=[[Courts Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]]|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> |
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| Line 84: | Line 87: | ||
<ref name="BAILII 2014">{{cite BAILII|litigants=R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence|link=|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2014|num=1029|para=|eucase=|parallelcite=|date=22 May 2014|courtname=[[Courts Martial Appeal Court]]|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> |
<ref name="BAILII 2014">{{cite BAILII|litigants=R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence|link=|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2014|num=1029|para=|eucase=|parallelcite=|date=22 May 2014|courtname=[[Courts Martial Appeal Court]]|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> |
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<ref name="BBC One">{{cite AV media |first1=Chris |last1=Terrill| |
<ref name="BBC One">{{cite AV media |first1=Chris |last1=Terrill|author-link1=Chris Terrill |date= 9 April 2014|title=Marine 'A': Criminal or Casualty of War?|medium= Television production|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b040mzfc|access-date= 10 April 2014|publisher= [[BBC One]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Judiciary 2012">{{cite court|litigants=R v Marines A – E| |
<ref name="Judiciary 2012">{{cite court|litigants=R v Marines A – E|access-date=24 November 2014|court=[[Military Courts of the United Kingdom#Court Martial|Court Martial]]|date=7 November 2012|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/order-anonymity-marines-a-e-07112012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113050644/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/order-anonymity-marines-a-e-07112012/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-alexander-wayne-blackman-and-secretary-of-state-for-defence/ R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence], Courts Martial Appeal Court, 22 May 2014 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-alexander-wayne-blackman-and-secretary-of-state-for-defence/ R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315023709/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-alexander-wayne-blackman-and-secretary-of-state-for-defence/ |date=15 March 2016 }}, Courts Martial Appeal Court, 22 May 2014 |
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*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e/ R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E], Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 19 December 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e/ R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220093537/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e/ |date=20 February 2017 }}, Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 19 December 2013 |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-2 R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E], Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 17 December 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-2 R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417123123/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-2/ |date=17 April 2016 }}, Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 17 December 2013 |
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*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-blackman/ R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman], sentencing remarks of [[His Honour|HHJ]] [[Jeff Blackett]], Judge Advocate General, 6 December 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-blackman/ R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316162158/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-sergeant-blackman/ |date=16 March 2016 }}, sentencing remarks of [[His Honour|HHJ]] [[Jeff Blackett]], Judge Advocate General, 6 December 2013 |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-3 R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E], [[Courts Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]] and Divisional Court of The [[Queen's Bench Division]], 5 December 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-3 R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420115150/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-a-b-c-d-e-3/ |date=20 April 2016 }}, [[Courts Martial Appeal Court|Court Martial Appeal Court]] and Divisional Court of The [[Queen's Bench Division]], 5 December 2013 |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-081113/ R -v- Marines A, B and C], Bulford Military Court Centre, 8 November 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-081113/ R -v- Marines A, B and C] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316162826/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-081113/ |date=16 March 2016 }}, Bulford Military Court Centre, 8 November 2013 |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-281013/ R -v- Marines A, B and C], Bulford Military Court Centre, 28 October 2013 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-281013/ R -v- Marines A, B and C] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104164916/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/r-v-marines-abc-281013/ |date=4 January 2017 }}, Bulford Military Court Centre, 28 October 2013 |
||
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/order-anonymity-marines-a-e-07112012/ R -v- Marines A – E], ruling by the [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]], 7 November 2012 |
*[http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/order-anonymity-marines-a-e-07112012/ R -v- Marines A – E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113050644/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/order-anonymity-marines-a-e-07112012/ |date=13 November 2017 }}, ruling by the [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]], 7 November 2012 |
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{{War in Afghanistan}} |
{{War in Afghanistan}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Helmand Province Killing, 2011}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Helmand Province Killing, 2011}} |
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[[Category:2011 crimes in Afghanistan]] |
[[Category:2011 crimes in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category:2010s trials]] |
[[Category:2010s trials]] |
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[[Category:21st century in Helmand Province|2011 killing]] |
[[Category:21st century in Helmand Province|2011 killing]] |
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[[Category:Events that led to courts-martial]] |
[[Category:Events that led to courts-martial]] |
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[[Category:Extrajudicial killings]] |
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in Asia]] |
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[[Category:History of the Royal Marines]] |
[[Category:History of the Royal Marines]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Crime in Helmand Province]] |
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[[Category:Role of the United Kingdom in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:September 2011 crimes in Asia]] |
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[[Category:September 2011 |
[[Category:September 2011 events in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:British war crimes in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category:War |
[[Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) casualties]] |
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[[Category:War in Afghanistan ( |
[[Category:2011 in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |
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[[Category:Manslaughter in the United Kingdom]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:00, 9 October 2024
The 2011 Helmand Province killing was the manslaughter of a wounded Taliban insurgent by Alexander Blackman, which occurred on 15 September 2011.[1][2] Three Royal Marines, known during their trial as Marines A, B, and C, were anonymously tried by court martial. On 8 November 2013,[2][3][4] Marines B and C were acquitted,[2][5] but Blackman (Marine A) was initially found guilty of murder of the Afghan insurgent,[2] in contravention of section 42 of the Armed Forces Act 2006.[4] This made him the first British soldier to be convicted of a battlefield murder whilst serving abroad since the Second World War.[6]
On 6 December 2013, Blackman was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of ten years,[7] and dismissed with disgrace from the Royal Marines.[8] On 22 May 2014, the Courts Martial Appeal Court reduced his minimum term to eight years.[9]
This led to a campaign[10] by the Armed Forces community to have his conviction overturned, led by Claire Blackman and the MP for South Dorset, Richard Drax.[11] During the campaign to free him, the Criminal Cases Review Commission concluded that Alexander Blackman's defence team fell "way below the standard expected".[12] At the subsequent appeal hearing in 2017, the conviction was overturned and the hearing stated that "At the time of the killing the patrol remained under threat from other insurgents ... Given his prior exemplary conduct, we have concluded that it was the combination of the stressors, the other matters to which we have referred and his adjustment disorder that substantially impaired his ability to form a rational judgment."[13]
In March 2017, the conviction for murder was overturned and reduced to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Blackman was released from prison on 28 April 2017 but his dismissal from the Marines remains in place.[14]
Incident
[edit]The incident took place in Helmand Province during Operation Herrick 14,[15] part of the British effort in the War in Afghanistan. Blackman, of J company, 42 Commando, Royal Marines,[16] was part of a Marine patrol that came across an Afghan fighter in a field wounded by Apache helicopter gunfire.[2][6][8] Blackman ordered the Afghan to be moved out of sight of the Kestrel surveillance system,[2] a camera on a balloon above British Forward Operating Base Shazad, Helmand, covering the area Blackman's patrol had been sent to.[9] Video evidence played at the Marines' subsequent trial shows some of the patrol dragging the man across the field and then kicking him.[17] Blackman ordered Marine B and C to stop administering first aid to the insurgent[2] and eventually shot the man in the chest with a 9 mm pistol,[8][17] saying: "Shuffle off this mortal coil, you cunt. It's nothing you wouldn't do to us."[6][18][17][19] He then added: "I just broke the Geneva Convention."[4][20]
Criminal trial, appeals, and sentencing
[edit]After the 15 September incident, Blackman continued with his tour of duty, leaving Helmand Province in late October 2011.[15] On 13 October 2012, at the decision of the Service Prosecution Authority, Marines A–E were charged with the murder of the unnamed Afghan insurgent.[2] The lead came after British civilian police discovered suspicious video footage on a serviceman's laptop.[3] Marines D and E had charges against them dropped on 5 February 2013.[2] Marines A, B and C first appeared in court in August 2013, where they entered a not guilty plea.[3] The military trial of Marines A, B and C, protected from view in court behind a screen because of an anonymity order,[3] began on 23 October 2013[2] and lasted two weeks.[3] Their Court Martial board (equivalent to a jury in the civilian justice system)[2] was seven members strong,[4][19] instead of the five used for less serious cases.[21]
The verdict (8 November 2013)[2] and sentence (6 December 2013) were both delivered at the Military Court Centre in Bulford, Wiltshire.[3][4][7] The judge advocate (the civilian judge heading the panel at a court martial)[21] was Judge Advocate General Jeff Blackett.[6] The verdict carried with it a mandatory life sentence,[3][8] so it was only in the judge advocate's and Court Martial board's power to decide on the minimum sentence once the board had found Blackman guilty.[21] He was sentenced to a minimum of 10 years in prison.[7] On 22 May 2014, at the Courts Martial Appeal Court, its most senior judge, Lord Chief Justice Lord Thomas upheld the life sentence, but reduced Blackman's minimum term to 8 years.[9]
In December 2016 Blackman was denied bail pending a second appeal due to be heard by the Court Martial Appeal Court (CMAC).[22] On 15 March 2017, the CMAC reduced the conviction to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility.[23] UK newspaper The Guardian reported that, "Outside court Blackman's wife, Claire, who has led the campaign to free the former sergeant, said she was delighted by the result saying it 'much better reflected the circumstances that [her] husband found himself in during that terrible tour of Afghanistan'."[24]
On 28 March 2017, Blackman was given a 7-year sentence for manslaughter with diminished responsibility, but was given credit for time served, and was freed on 28 April 2017.[1][25]
Anonymity orders
[edit]
Running in parallel to the Marines' criminal trial were legal proceedings relating to the anonymity of the defendants. In the autumn of 2012, Judges Advocate Elsom and Blackett issued anonymity orders for the Marine defendants due to the risk that, once named, the defendants would become targets for terrorists.[2][15] The move had been opposed by elements of the UK media.[2] A lawyer for the Press Association argued that anonymity orders should not be issued in this case because British military award recipients named in the media had not been previously targeted; and that the names of those British service personnel investigated following the death of Baha Mousa had not been similarly protected.[26] The 2012 anonymity orders were upheld at the beginning of the trial in October 2013.[2]
On 5 December 2013,[4] Lord Chief Justice Lord Thomas and two other High Court judges lifted the existing anonymity order on Marine A, allowing him to be named as Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman.[15][16] The same ruling had it that the identities of Marines B and C also be revealed unless they submit an appeal to the Supreme Court.[18] No such appeal was lodged within the set deadline, and so, on 19 December 2013, Marine B was named as Corporal Christopher Glyn Watson and Marine C was named as Marine Jack Alexander Hammond.[18][27] The anonymity of Marines D and E was upheld on 19 December "pending any further order by the Judge Advocate General".[27]
Blackett also restricted public access to the evidence used at the trial, releasing on 8 November stills, audio clips and transcripts from the serviceman's video that was played to the Court Martial board,[17] but ruling that the full video itself not be released,[15][17][28] since doing so "would increase the threat of harm to British service personnel."[17][28] On 5 December 2013, the Court Martial Appeal Court upheld the earlier decisions prohibiting the release of the video footage of the attack and some of the stills from it.[2] The Court stated, however, that the prohibition was to prevent the material being used for radicalisation, rather than it posing a risk to the life of the defendants.[2]
Reactions
[edit]The legal proceedings relating to the Marines received widespread public and media attention in the UK.
Reacting to Blackman's guilty verdict, Royal Marines Brigadier Bill Dunham called the murder a "shocking and appalling aberration" that was "not consistent with the ethos, values and standards of the Royal Marines", but was nevertheless an "isolated incident".[3] General Sir Mike Jackson said he was "saddened" by the case.[3]
Blackman's guilty verdict led to a showing of public support for the Marine, with people creating social media groups and online petitions asking that he be given a lenient sentence or calling for his release.[29] The Daily Telegraph supported one Change.org petition for leniency.[30]
When Blackman was sentenced to life imprisonment with a tariff of 10 years, General Sir Nick Houghton called his actions a "heinous crime" and commented that "murder is murder".[29] By contrast, Blackman's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Simon Chapman, 42 Commando, said in a letter read to the court that Blackman had had a "momentary ... lapse of judgment" and was "not a bad man", and added that Blackman had his "full support".[31] Blackman himself said in a statement that he was "devastated" and "very sorry for any damage caused to the Royal Marines".[7][19]
In November 2013, Colonel Oliver Lee OBE, commanding officer of 45 Commando during Operation Herrick 14, resigned in protest at the narrowness of Blackman's court martial and his being prevented from giving evidence to it.[32] Lee went on to give evidence at the Court Martial Appeal Court in 2017 where Blackman's conviction was reduced from murder to manslaughter.[33]
On 28 October 2015, the Ministry of Defence banned a large number of serving soldiers from attending a rally in support of Sergeant Blackman, saying that the event was a "political protest". However, lawyers representing the rally organisers stated that, rather, the event was "a show of support to one of our fellow Royal Marines and not a 'political protest'".[34][35] A related online petition to the government raised over 100,000 signatures calling for Blackman's immediate release, stating that the soldier had been condemned for defending his country. Within hours of the MoD's decision Michael Fallon, Minister for Defence, put out a government statement saying that the UK would maintain military operations in Afghanistan for the foreseeable future.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Royal Marine Alexander Blackman gets seven years for Taliban killing". BBC News. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Marines A & Ors v Guardian News and Media & Other Media [2013] EWCA Crim 2367 (5 December 2013), Court Martial Appeal Court (England and Wales)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Littlewood, Alex (8 November 2013). "Marine guilty of Afghanistan murder". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Beale, Jonathan; Wyatt, Caroline (5 December 2013). "Marine convicted of Afghan murder named". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Morris, Nigel (6 December 2013). "Royal Marine Sgt Alexander Blackman jailed for life for the murder of Afghan insurgent". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d Farmer, Ben (6 December 2013). "Killer Marine told he 'increased risk of revenge attacks' and sentenced to minimum 10 years". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Marine 'devastated' after prison sentence". The Daily Telegraph. 6 December 2013. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d R. v. Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman (Bulford Military Court 6 December 2013), Text.
- ^ a b c R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence [2014] EWCA Crim 1029 (22 May 2014), Courts Martial Appeal Court (England and Wales)
- ^ "Protest over Royal Marine's Afghanistan murder conviction". BBC News. 28 October 2015.
- ^ "Freeing Sergeant Alexander Blackman".
- ^ Foster, Patrick (3 January 2017). "Jailed marine Alexander Blackman's defence team 'fell below standard required', official report concludes". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021.
- ^ "Judges quash UK marine Alexander Blackman's murder conviction". TheGuardian.com. 15 March 2017.
- ^ Press Association: "Marine A: Alexander Blackman released from prison", The Guardian, 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Morris, Steven; Norton-Taylor, Richard (5 December 2013). "Marine who murdered Taliban prisoner loses fight to remain anonymous". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b R. v. Marines A, B, C, D & E (Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division 5 December 2013), Text, archived from 25 November 2014 the original on 17 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Stretch, Euan (8 November 2013). "'Could put one in his head if you want?': Court martial tape of alleged execution released". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b c Press Association (19 December 2013). "Court names Royal Marines acquitted of Afghan insurgent's murder". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ a b c Robson, Steve (6 December 2013). "Royal Marine Sergeant Alexander Blackman jailed for ten years for executing injured Taliban insurgent". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Terrill, Chris (9 April 2014). Marine 'A': Criminal or Casualty of War? (Television production). BBC One. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ a b c Rozenberg, Joshua (5 December 2013). "Marine's life sentence is fixed by law – but the minimum term is not so simple". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ "Murder appeal ex-marine Alexander Blackman refused bail". BBC News. 21 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^ "Marine Alexander Blackman conviction reduced to manslaughter". BBC News. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ Morris, Steven (15 March 2017). "Judges quash UK marine Alexander Blackman's murder conviction". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ "Marine A, who killed wounded Taliban fighter, released from prison". The Guardian. 28 April 2017.
- ^ R v Marines A – E (Court Martial 7 November 2012), Text, archived from the original.
- ^ a b R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E (Court Martial Appeal Court 19 December 2013), Text, archived from the original.
- ^ a b R -v- Marines A, B and C (Bulford Military Court 28 October 2013), Text.
- ^ a b Farmer, Ben; Terrill, Chris (13 December 2013). "Marine A wife: It was war, my husband is not a murderer". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ "Petition: leniency for Marine A". The Daily Telegraph. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ "Commanding officer's letter defends Sergeant Alexander Blackman". BBC News. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ Strachan, Graeme (11 September 2015). "Former Arbroath CO quits Royal Marines, accusing military chiefs of Alexander Blackman betrayal". The Courier. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ Akam, Simon (3 April 2021). "War, justice and the real story behind 'Marine A'". GQ. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021.
- ^ Farmer, Ben (26 October 2015). "Troops warned not to attend Sgt Alexander Blackman rally". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "MoD bans military personnel from rally supporting jailed ex-Royal Marine". ITV News. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
External links
[edit]- R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman and Secretary of State for Defence Archived 15 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Courts Martial Appeal Court, 22 May 2014
- R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E Archived 20 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 19 December 2013
- R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E Archived 17 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 17 December 2013
- R -v- Sergeant Alexander Wayne Blackman Archived 16 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, sentencing remarks of HHJ Jeff Blackett, Judge Advocate General, 6 December 2013
- R -v- Marines A, B, C, D & E Archived 20 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Court Martial Appeal Court and Divisional Court of The Queen's Bench Division, 5 December 2013
- R -v- Marines A, B and C Archived 16 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Bulford Military Court Centre, 8 November 2013
- R -v- Marines A, B and C Archived 4 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Bulford Military Court Centre, 28 October 2013
- R -v- Marines A – E Archived 13 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, ruling by the Judge Advocate General, 7 November 2012
Categories:
- 2011 crimes in Afghanistan
- 2010s trials
- 21st century in Helmand Province
- Events that led to courts-martial
- Extrajudicial killings in Asia
- History of the Royal Marines
- Crime in Helmand Province
- Role of the United Kingdom in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- September 2011 crimes in Asia
- September 2011 events in Afghanistan
- British war crimes in Afghanistan
- War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) casualties
- 2011 in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Manslaughter in the United Kingdom
- Murder trials in the United Kingdom