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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox nobility
{{Infobox noble
| name = Robert I
| name = Robert I
| title = [[Duke of Bar]] <br> [[Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson]]
| title = [[Duchy of Bar|Duke of Bar]] <br> [[Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson]]
| image = Robert Bar.jpg
| image = File:Robert_1_Bar.jpg
| caption = Robert I of Bar
| caption = In Latin around the edge 'Robertus, Dux Barr' (Robert, Duke of Bar)
| CoA =
| tenure =
| predecessor =
| noble family = House of Scarponnois
| noble family = House of Scarponnois
| issue-pipe = among others...
| issue = Charles of Bar<br>[[Henry of Bar]]<br>Philip of Bar<br>[[Edward III, Duke of Bar]]<br>[[John of Bar]]<br>[[Louis, Duke of Bar]]<br>Marie of Bar<br>[[Yolande of Bar]]<br>Bonne of Bar
| father = [[Henry IV of Bar]]
| father = [[Henry IV of Bar]]
| mother = [[Yolande of Flanders, Countess of Bar|Yolande of Flanders]]
| mother = [[Yolande of Dampierre|Yolande of Flanders]]
| spouse = [[Marie of Valois (1344-1404)|Marie of Valois]]
| spouse = [[Marie of Valois (1344-1404)|Marie of Valois]]
| issue-link = #Marriage and issue
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1344|11|8|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1344|11|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1411|4|12|1344|11|8|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1411|4|12|1344|11|8|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| death_place =
}}
}}
'''Robert I of Bar''' (8 November 1344 – 12 April 1411) was [[Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson]] and [[Count of Bar|Count]] and then [[Duke of Bar]]. He succeeded his elder brother [[Edward II of Bar]] as count in 1352. His parents were [[Henry IV of Bar]] and [[Yolande of Flanders, Countess of Bar|Yolande]],<ref>Christoph Brachmann, 156.</ref> granddaughter of [[Robert III, Count of Flanders]].
'''Robert I of Bar''' (8 November 1344 – 12 April 1411) was [[Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson]] and [[Count of Bar|Count]] and then [[Duchy of Bar|Duke of Bar]]. He succeeded his elder brother [[Edward II of Bar]] as count in 1352. His parents were [[Henry IV of Bar]] and [[Yolande of Dampierre|Yolande of Flanders]].{{sfn|Brachmann|2011|p=156}}


When Robert was less than a year old, his father died and his elder brother, [[Edward II of Bar]], became [[Count of Bar]] under their mother's regency. As neither Robert nor Edward had a strong constitution, Yolande obtained a [[Dispensation (canon law)|papal dispensation]] from [[Pope Clement VI|Clement VI]] to allow them to eat meat during periods of abstinence. When his brother Edward died, Robert was still only seven years old and political problems associated with his mother's continued position as regent had arisen.
When Robert was less than a year old, his father died and his elder brother, [[Edward II of Bar]], became [[Count of Bar]] under their mother's regency. As neither Robert nor Edward had a strong constitution, Yolande obtained a [[Dispensation (canon law)|papal dispensation]] from [[Pope Clement VI|Clement VI]] to allow them to eat meat during periods of abstinence. When his brother Edward died, Robert was still only seven years old and political problems associated with his mother's continued position as regent had arisen.


Yolande was on the point of remarrying to [[Philip of Navarre]], count of Longueville, a member of the Navarre family which was attempting to claim the French crown from [[John II of France|John the Good]]. [[Jeanne de Bar|Jeanne of Bar]] (1295-†1361), countess of Warren and daughter of [[Henry III of Bar]], made known to the king that she was ready to replace Yolande and assume the regency. The [[Parliament of Paris]], by decree of 5 June 1352, declared that the county was under the king's control. John the Good then entrusted the regency to Jeanne on 27 July of that year. Yolande initially renounced the regency, but then went back on her decision, levying troops to fight Jeanne. John the Good intervened to force Yolande to renounce the regency again on 2 July 1353.
Yolande was on the point of remarrying to [[Philip of Navarre]], count of Longueville, a member of the Navarre family which was attempting to claim the French crown from [[John II of France|John the Good]]. [[Joan of Bar, Countess of Surrey|Joan of Bar]], Robert's grandaunt, made known to the king that she was ready to replace Yolande and assume the regency. The [[Parlement of Paris]], by decree of 5 June 1352, declared that the county was under the king's control. John the Good then entrusted the regency to Joan on 27 July of that year. Yolande initially renounced the regency, but then went back on her decision, levying troops to fight Joan. John the Good intervened to force Yolande to renounce the regency again on 2 July 1353.


In 1354 the [[County of Bar]] was raised to the status of duchy, by [[John II of France|John II, King of France]].<ref name="Brachmann155">Christoph Brachmann, 155.</ref> That same year another possession, [[Pont-à-Mousson]], was raised to a marquisate by [[Emperor Charles IV]].<ref name="Brachmann155" /> Subsequent emperors recognised Robert's ducal title and his state's right to a vote in the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]]. It is unclear if Robert was regarded as a [[Peer of France]] after becoming duke.
In 1354 the [[County of Bar]] was raised to the status of duchy by [[John II of France|King John the Good]].{{sfn|Brachmann|2011|p=155}} That same year another possession, [[Pont-à-Mousson]], was raised to a marquisate by [[Emperor Charles IV]].{{sfn|Brachmann|2011|p=155}} Subsequent emperors recognised Robert's ducal title and his state's right to a vote in the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]]. It is unclear if Robert was regarded as a [[Peer of France]] after becoming duke.


The [[Battle of Poitiers|defeat of Poitiers]] and the capture of John the Good in 1356 deprived Jeanne of John's support and Yolande retook the regency. Robert was knighted in December 1356 and declared of age on 8 November 1359. He assisted at the coronation of [[Charles V of France]] at [[Reims]] on 9 May 1364, then at that of [[Charles VI of France]] on 4 November 1380. During Charles V's reign he fought in several engagements in 1374 during the campaign to eject the English from [[Normandy]]. In 1401, Robert ceded his duchy to his son [[Edward III of Bar|Edward]], but reserved the [[usufruct]] on it, bypassing his grandson Robert (son of [[Henry of Marle (1362-1397)|Henry of Bar]]). The younger Robert unsuccessfully opposed this in the parliament of Paris that ran from 1406 to 1409. Charles VI's madness put him under the control of the [[Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orléans|Duke of Orleans]] and [[John the Fearless|Duke of Burgundy]]. The elder Robert supported the duke of Orleans, and after that duke's assassination was more and more inclined to remain within his duchy. In his later years he suffered from attacks of gout that prevented him from walking.
The [[Battle of Poitiers|defeat of Poitiers]] and the capture of John the Good in 1356 deprived Joan of John's support and Yolande retook the regency. Robert was knighted in December 1356 and declared of age on 8 November 1359. He assisted at the coronation of [[Charles V of France]] at [[Reims]] on 9 May 1364, then at that of [[Charles VI of France]] on 4 November 1380. During Charles V's reign he fought in several engagements in 1374 during the campaign to eject the English from [[Normandy]]. In 1401, Robert ceded his duchy to his son [[Edward III of Bar|Edward]], but reserved the [[usufruct]] on it, bypassing his grandson Robert (son of [[Henry of Marle (1362-1397)|Henry of Bar]]). The younger Robert unsuccessfully opposed this in the parliament of Paris that ran from 1406 to 1409. Charles VI's madness put him under the control of the [[Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orléans|Duke of Orleans]] and [[John the Fearless|Duke of Burgundy]]. The elder Robert supported the duke of Orleans, and after that duke's assassination was more and more inclined to remain within his duchy. In his later years he suffered from attacks of gout that prevented him from walking.


==Marriage and issue==
==Marriage and issue==
In 1364 he married [[Marie of Valois (1344-1404)|Marie of Valois]], the daughter of king [[John II of France]] and [[Bonne of Luxembourg]]. Their children were:
In 1364 he married [[Marie of Valois (1344-1404)|Marie of Valois]], the daughter of king [[John II of France]] and [[Bonne of Luxembourg]].{{sfn|d'Arras|2012|p=234}} Their children were:


* [[Yolande of Bar]], (1365 †1431); in 1380 married [[John I of Aragon]] (1350 † 1396).
* [[Yolande of Bar]], (1365 †1431); in 1380 married [[John I of Aragon]] (1350 †1396).{{sfn|Lanz|2002|p=59-60}}
* [[Henry of Bar]], (1362 †1397), Marquis de [[Pont-à-Mousson]], seigneur de [[Marle, Aisne|Marle]]; in 1384 married [[Marie I de Coucy, Countess of Soissons|Marie de Coucy]].
* [[Henry of Bar]], (1362 †1397),{{sfn|Vaughan|2009|p=264}} Marquis de [[Pont-à-Mousson]], seigneur de [[Marle, Aisne|Marle]]; in 1384 married [[Marie I de Coucy, Countess of Soissons|Marie de Coucy]].{{sfn|Souchal|1974|p=124}} Taken prisoner at the [[Battle of Nicopolis]] and died of the plague.
* Philippe (1372 †1396); also killed at the [[Battle of Nicopolis]].
* Philippe (1372 †1396); also killed at the [[Battle of Nicopolis]].
* Charles (1373 †1392), seigneur de [[Nogent-le-Rotrou]].
* Charles (1373 †1392), seigneur de [[Nogent-le-Rotrou]].
* Marie (†1374); in 1384 married [[William II, Marquis of Namur]], [[Count of Namur|Margrave of Namur]] (1355 †1418) (not to be confused with [[Namor]])
* Marie (1374 †?); in 1384 married [[William II, Marquis of Namur]], [[Count of Namur|Margrave of Namur]] (1355 †1418).
* [[Edward III of Bar]] (1377 †1415), [[Duke of Bar]]; killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]].
* [[Louis I, Duke of Bar]] (between 1370 and 1375 – 26 June 1430);{{sfn|Vaughan|2009|p=264}} [[Bishop of Verdun]], cardinal.
* [[Louis I, Duke of Bar]] (between 1370 and 1375 – 26 June 1430); [[Bishop of Verdun]], cardinal.
* [[Edward III of Bar]] (1377 †1415), [[Duke of Bar]]; killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]].{{sfn|Curry|2000|p=259}}
* Yolande the younger (†1421); in 1400 married [[Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg]] (†1437).
* Yolande the younger (†1421); in 1400 married [[Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg]] (†1437).
* [[John of Bar, seigneur de Puisaye]] (1380 †1415), seigneur de Puisaye; killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]].
* [[John of Bar, seigneur de Puisaye]] (1380 †1415), lord of [[Puisaye]]; killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]].{{sfn|Barker|2008|p=308}}
* Bonne (†1436);<ref>Christoph Brachmann, 158.</ref> in 1393 married [[Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny]] (1357 †1415), [[Count of Ligny]] and of [[Count of Saint-Pol|Saint-Pol]].
* Bonne (†1436);{{sfn|Brachmann|2011|p=158}} in 1393 married [[Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny]] (1357 †1415), [[Count of Ligny]] and of [[Count of Saint-Pol|Saint-Pol]].
* Jeanne (†1402); in 1393 married [[Theodore II of Montferrat|Théodore II Paléologue]], [[Marquis of Montferrat]] (1361 †1418).
* Jeanne (†1402); in 1393 married [[Theodore II of Montferrat|Théodore II Paléologue]], [[Marquis of Montferrat]] (1361 †1418){{sfn|Bertelli|1985|p=60}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 42: Line 50:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{cite book |first=Jean |last=d'Arras |title=Melusine; or, The Noble History of Lusignan |translator-first=Donald |translator-last=Maddox |publisher=The Pennsylvania State University Press |year=2012 }}
⚫
* ''The Crusade of Nicopolis, Burgundy, and the Entombment of Christ at Pont-a-Mousson'', Christoph Brachmann, '''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes''', Vol. 74 (2011).
*{{cite book |title=Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England |first=Juliet |last=Barker |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=2008 }}
*{{fr icon}} Georges Poull, ''La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar'', 1994
*{{cite book |last=Bertelli |first=Sergio |title=Le corti italiane del Rinascimento |publisher=A. Mondadori |year=1985 |language=it }}
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*{{cite journal |title=The Crusade of Nicopolis, Burgundy, and the Entombment of Christ at Pont-a-Mousson |first=Christoph |last=Brachmann |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume= 74 |year=2011 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Battle of Agincourt: Sources and Interpretations |editor-first=Anne |editor-last=Curry |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2000 }}
*{{cite book |title=Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia |editor-first=Eukene Lacarra |editor-last=Lanz |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 }}
*{{cite book |title=Masterpieces of Tapestry from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_e-fZHUt8issC |issue=13 |first=Geneviève |last=Souchal |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=1974 |translator-first=Richard A.H. |translator-last=Oxby }}
*{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Vaughan |title=Philip the Bold, The formation of the Burgundian State |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2009 }}


{{s-start}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{s-reg|de}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward II, Count of Bar|Edward II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[County of Bar|Count of Bar]]|years=1352 – 1354}}
{{s-non|reason=Elevated to duchy}}
|-
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duchy of Bar|Duke of Bar]]|years=1354 – 1411}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward III, Duke of Bar|Edward III]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| name = Robert I of Bar
| alternative names =
| short description = Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Count and then Duke of Bar
| date of birth = 8 November 1344
| place of birth =
| date of death = 12 April 1411
| place of death =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert 01 of Bar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert 01 of Bar}}
[[Category:1344 births]]
[[Category:1344 births]]

Latest revision as of 16:55, 10 October 2024

Robert I
Duke of Bar
Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson
In Latin around the edge 'Robertus, Dux Barr' (Robert, Duke of Bar)
Born(1344-11-08)8 November 1344
Died12 April 1411(1411-04-12) (aged 66)
Noble familyHouse of Scarponnois
Spouse(s)Marie of Valois
Issue
among others...		Charles of Bar
Henry of Bar
Philip of Bar
Edward III, Duke of Bar
John of Bar
Louis, Duke of Bar
Marie of Bar
Yolande of Bar
Bonne of Bar
FatherHenry IV of Bar
MotherYolande of Flanders

Robert I of Bar (8 November 1344 – 12 April 1411) was Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Count and then Duke of Bar. He succeeded his elder brother Edward II of Bar as count in 1352. His parents were Henry IV of Bar and Yolande of Flanders.[1]

When Robert was less than a year old, his father died and his elder brother, Edward II of Bar, became Count of Bar under their mother's regency. As neither Robert nor Edward had a strong constitution, Yolande obtained a papal dispensation from Clement VI to allow them to eat meat during periods of abstinence. When his brother Edward died, Robert was still only seven years old and political problems associated with his mother's continued position as regent had arisen.

Yolande was on the point of remarrying to Philip of Navarre, count of Longueville, a member of the Navarre family which was attempting to claim the French crown from John the Good. Joan of Bar, Robert's grandaunt, made known to the king that she was ready to replace Yolande and assume the regency. The Parlement of Paris, by decree of 5 June 1352, declared that the county was under the king's control. John the Good then entrusted the regency to Joan on 27 July of that year. Yolande initially renounced the regency, but then went back on her decision, levying troops to fight Joan. John the Good intervened to force Yolande to renounce the regency again on 2 July 1353.

In 1354 the County of Bar was raised to the status of duchy by King John the Good.[2] That same year another possession, Pont-à-Mousson, was raised to a marquisate by Emperor Charles IV.[2] Subsequent emperors recognised Robert's ducal title and his state's right to a vote in the Imperial Diet. It is unclear if Robert was regarded as a Peer of France after becoming duke.

The defeat of Poitiers and the capture of John the Good in 1356 deprived Joan of John's support and Yolande retook the regency. Robert was knighted in December 1356 and declared of age on 8 November 1359. He assisted at the coronation of Charles V of France at Reims on 9 May 1364, then at that of Charles VI of France on 4 November 1380. During Charles V's reign he fought in several engagements in 1374 during the campaign to eject the English from Normandy. In 1401, Robert ceded his duchy to his son Edward, but reserved the usufruct on it, bypassing his grandson Robert (son of Henry of Bar). The younger Robert unsuccessfully opposed this in the parliament of Paris that ran from 1406 to 1409. Charles VI's madness put him under the control of the Duke of Orleans and Duke of Burgundy. The elder Robert supported the duke of Orleans, and after that duke's assassination was more and more inclined to remain within his duchy. In his later years he suffered from attacks of gout that prevented him from walking.

Marriage and issue

[edit]

In 1364 he married Marie of Valois, the daughter of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg.[3] Their children were:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Brachmann 2011, p. 156.
  2. ^ a b Brachmann 2011, p. 155.
  3. ^ d'Arras 2012, p. 234.
  4. ^ Lanz 2002, p. 59-60.
  5. ^ a b Vaughan 2009, p. 264.
  6. ^ Souchal 1974, p. 124.
  7. ^ Curry 2000, p. 259.
  8. ^ Barker 2008, p. 308.
  9. ^ Brachmann 2011, p. 158.
  10. ^ Bertelli 1985, p. 60.

Sources

[edit]
  • d'Arras, Jean (2012). Melusine; or, The Noble History of Lusignan. Translated by Maddox, Donald. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Barker, Juliet (2008). Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England. Little, Brown and Company.
  • Bertelli, Sergio (1985). Le corti italiane del Rinascimento (in Italian). A. Mondadori.
  • Brachmann, Christoph (2011). "The Crusade of Nicopolis, Burgundy, and the Entombment of Christ at Pont-a-Mousson". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 74.
  • Curry, Anne, ed. (2000). The Battle of Agincourt: Sources and Interpretations. The Boydell Press.
  • Lanz, Eukene Lacarra, ed. (2002). Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Routledge.
  • Souchal, Geneviève (1974). Masterpieces of Tapestry from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century. Translated by Oxby, Richard A.H. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Vaughan, Richard (2009). Philip the Bold, The formation of the Burgundian State. The Boydell Press.
German nobility
Preceded by Count of Bar
1352 – 1354 		Elevated to duchy
New title Duke of Bar
1354 – 1411 		Succeeded by
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