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{{short description|United States chemist and mineralogist}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Frederick Augustus Genth
|name = Frederick Augustus Genth
|image =
|image = Frederick Augustus Genth.jpg
|image_width =
|image_size =
|caption =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1820|5|17}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1820|05|17}}
|birth_place = [[Wächtersbach]], [[Hesse-Cassel]], [[Germany]]
|birth_place = [[Wächtersbach]], Hesse-Cassel, Germany
⚫
|nationality = [[Germany|German]], later [[United States|American]]
|residence =
⚫
|death_date = {{death date and age|1893|02|02|1820|05|17}}
⚫
|nationality = [[Germany|German]] later [[United States|American]]
⚫
|death_place = [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, United States
⚫
|death_date = {{death date and age|1993|2|27||1820|5|17}}
⚫
|death_place = [[Philadelphia]], [[United States]]
|field =
|field =
|work_institution = [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|work_institution = [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Marburg]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Marburg]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|known_for =
|prizes =
|prizes =
|signature = Signature of Frederick Augustus Genth (1820–1893).png
|religion =
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
⚫
}}
}}'''Frederick Augustus''' Ludwig Karl Wilhelm '''Genth''' (born in [[Wächtersbach]], [[Hesse-Cassel]], 17 May 1820; died in [[Philadelphia]] 2 February 1893) was a [[United States]] [[chemist]].
'''Frederick Augustus Ludwig Karl Wilhelm Genth''' (May 17, 1820 – February 2, 1893) was a German-American [[chemist]], specializing in analytical chemistry and mineralogy.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Genth studied at the [[Hanau]] [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] and at the [[University of Heidelberg]], under [[Justus von Liebig]] at [[University of Giessen|Giessen]], and finally under [[Christian Gerling]] (physics) and [[Robert Bunsen]] (chemistry) at [[University of Marburg|Marburg]], where he received the degree of [[Ph.D.]] in 1846. For three years (1845-1848) he acted as assistant to Bunsen.
Frederick Augustus Genth was born in [[Wächtersbach]], [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Cassel]] on May 17, 1820.<ref name=Twentieth>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict04johnuoft/page/n280/mode/1up |title=The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans |volume=IV |editor1-first=Rossiter |editor1-last=Johnson |editor2-first=John Howard |editor2-last=Brown |publisher=American Biographical Society |location=Boston |page=<!-- no page numbers --> |year=1906 |access-date=2022-03-28 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> He studied at the [[Hanau]] [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] and at the [[University of Heidelberg]], under [[Justus von Liebig]] at [[University of Giessen|Giessen]], and finally under [[Christian Gerling]] (physics) and [[Robert Bunsen]] (chemistry) at [[University of Marburg|Marburg]], where he received the degree of [[Ph.D.]] in 1846. For three years (1845–1848) he acted as assistant to Bunsen.


In 1848 he came to Philadelphia and organized an analytical laboratory. In 1872 he was appointed professor of chemistry and [[mineralogy]] in the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. He resigned his professorship in 1888, and re-established his laboratory. He also held the office of chemist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and also to the board of agriculture of that state.
In 1848, Genth immigrated to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia and organized an analytical laboratory. In 1872 he was appointed professor of chemistry and [[mineralogy]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. He resigned his professorship in 1888, and re-established his laboratory. He also held the office of chemist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and also to the board of agriculture of that state.


Genth was a member of many scientific societies in the United States: he was elected in 1872 to membership in the [[National Academy of Sciences]]; he was a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] (1854-93), one of the founders of the [[American Chemical Society]], and its president in 1880, and a fellow of the Boston Academy of Arts and Sciences. [[Benjamin Silliman, Jr.]], alluded to Genth as having “no superior in this country as an analytical chemist.”
Genth was a member of many scientific societies in the United States: he was elected in 1872 to membership in the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]]; he was a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] (elected 1886),<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1886;smode=advanced;startDoc=21|access-date=2021-05-21|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> one of the founders of the [[American Chemical Society]], and its president in 1880, and a fellow of the Boston Academy of Arts and Sciences. [[Benjamin Silliman, Jr.]], alluded to Genth as having "no superior in this country as an analytical chemist."


==Publications==
==Publications==
He contributed many and careful analyses of minerals to the literature of chemistry. His name is associated with the ammonia cobalt bases which he discovered in 1846, and, in joint authorship with [[Wolcott Gibbs]], he contributed to the “Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge” a monograph on “Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases” (Washington, 1856).
Genth contributed many and careful analyses of minerals to the literature of chemistry. His name is associated with the ammonia cobalt bases which he discovered in 1846, and, in joint authorship with [[Oliver Wolcott Gibbs|Wolcott Gibbs]] (1822–1908), he contributed to the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" a monograph on "Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases" (Washington, 1856).


Genth is the author of 102 separate papers on subjects in chemistry and mineralogy. Of these, about 30 were not related to mineralogy. Among the non-mineralogical papers were papers on fertilizers, which were related to his work for the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture.<ref name=dab>{{Cite DAB|title=Genth, Frederick Augustus |year=1936}}</ref>
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Genth is the author of nearly 100 separate papers on subjects in chemistry and mineralogy, and published “Tabellarische Übersicht der wichtigsten Reactionen welche Basen in Salzen zeigen” (Marburg, 1845), also the same in relation to “Acids” (1845); “Corundum” (in ''American Philosophical Society Proceedings'', 1873); “Minerals of North Carolina,” being appendix “C” of the ''Report on the Geology of North Carolina'' (Raleigh, 1875); also ''First and Second Preliminary Reports on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania'' (Harrisburg, 1875-'6), and ''Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina'' (Raleigh, 1881).


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He also published "Tabellarische Übersicht der wichtigsten Reactionen welche Basen in Salzen zeigen" (Marburg, 1845), also the same in relation to "Acids" (1845); "Corundum" (in ''American Philosophical Society Proceedings'', 1873); "Minerals of North Carolina," being appendix "C" of the ''Report on the Geology of North Carolina'' (Raleigh, 1875); also ''First and Second Preliminary Reports on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania'' (Harrisburg, 1875/6), and ''Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina'' (Raleigh, 1881).
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==References==
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* {{Cite Appletons'|Genth, Frederick Augustus L. C. W.|year=1900|vb=x}}
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* {{Cite Americana|Genth, Frederick Augustus|year=1920|vb=x}}
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* {{Cite NIE|Genth, Frederick Augustus|year=1906}}


==Minerals discovered and characterized==
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==Further readings==
Genth was first to describe and characterize a number of new minerals, often ores of [[tellurium]]. Among those still recognized today are: [[melonite]], [[calaverite]], [[cosalite]], [[schirmerite]], [[coloradoite]], [[montanite]], [[kerrite]], [[maconite]], [[willcoxite]], [[dudleyite]], [[endlichite]], [[landsfordite]], [[nesquehonite]], [[phosphuranylite]], and [[penfieldite]].{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
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*{{cite journal | url = http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf | journal = Journal of the Franklin institute | volume = 241 | issue = 5 | year = 1946 | title = Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893, chemist, mineralogist, collector | doi = 10.1016/0016-0032(46)90484-X | first1 =William Marsh | last1 = Myers | first2 = Samuel | last2 = Zerfoss | pages = 341–354}}


==Family==
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*{{cite journal | jstor =231315 | pages =392–403 | last1 =Kauffman | first1 =G. B. | title =Early Experimental Studies of Cobalt-Ammines | volume =68 | issue =3 | journal =Isis | year =1977}}
He married twice, the first time to Karolina Jäger (1847), with whom he had three children, the second time to Paulina Fischer (1852), with whom he had nine children.<ref name=dab/>
⚫
*{{cite journal | url = http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/fgenth.pdf | journal = Biographical memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences | title =Memoir of Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893 | volume =4 | issue = 12 | publisher = National Academy of Sciences | first = George Frederick | last = Barker | year = 1902}}

He died in Philadelphia on February 2, 1893.<ref name=Twentieth/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

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==References==
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* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Genth, Frederick Augustus|year=1906}}
'''Attribution'''
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* {{Appletons'|wstitle=Genth, Frederick Augustus L. C. W. |year=1900}}
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* {{Americana|wstitle=Genth, Frederick Augustus|year=1920}}

⚫
==Further reading==
⚫
*{{cite journal | url = http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf | journal = Journal of the Franklin Institute | volume = 241 | issue = 5 | year = 1946 | title = Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893, chemist, mineralogist, collector | doi = 10.1016/0016-0032(46)90484-X | first1 = William Marsh | last1 = Myers | first2 = Samuel | last2 = Zerfoss | pages = 341–354 | access-date = 2011-05-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120304225328/http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf | archive-date = 2012-03-04 | url-status = dead }}
⚫
*{{cite journal | jstor =231315 | pages =392–403 | last1 =Kauffman | first1 =G. B. | title =Early Experimental Studies of Cobalt-Ammines | volume =68 | issue =3 | journal =Isis | year =1977 | doi=10.1086/351815| s2cid =93782710 }}
⚫
*{{cite journal | url = http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/fgenth.pdf | journal = Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences | title =Memoir of Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893 | volume =4 | issue = 12 | first = George Frederick | last = Barker | year = 1902}}


{{Presidents of the American Chemical Society}}
{{Presidents of the American Chemical Society}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Genth, Frederick Augustus
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = United States chemist and mineralogist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 17 May 1820
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Waechtersbach]], [[Hesse-Cassel]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 2 February 1893
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Philadelphia]]
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Genth, Frederick Augustus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Genth, Frederick Augustus}}
[[Category:1820 births]]
[[Category:1820 births]]
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[[Category:American chemists]]
[[Category:American chemists]]
[[Category:American mineralogists]]
[[Category:American mineralogists]]
[[Category:German immigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Electorate of Hesse]]
[[Category:University of Heidelberg alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Marburg alumni]]
[[Category:University of Marburg alumni]]
[[Category:University of Giessen alumni]]
[[Category:University of Giessen alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]
[[Category:People from Hesse]]
[[Category:Scientists from Hesse]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]

[[Category:People from Main-Kinzig-Kreis]]
[[cs:Frederick Augustus Genth]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[de:Friedrich August Genth]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the United States]]

Latest revision as of 22:57, 10 October 2024

Frederick Augustus Genth
Born(1820-05-17)May 17, 1820
Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel, Germany
DiedFebruary 2, 1893(1893-02-02) (aged 72)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
NationalityGerman, later American
Alma materUniversity of Marburg
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Pennsylvania
Signature

Frederick Augustus Ludwig Karl Wilhelm Genth (May 17, 1820 – February 2, 1893) was a German-American chemist, specializing in analytical chemistry and mineralogy.

Biography

[edit]

Frederick Augustus Genth was born in Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel on May 17, 1820.[1] He studied at the Hanau gymnasium and at the University of Heidelberg, under Justus von Liebig at Giessen, and finally under Christian Gerling (physics) and Robert Bunsen (chemistry) at Marburg, where he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1846. For three years (1845–1848) he acted as assistant to Bunsen.

In 1848, Genth immigrated to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia and organized an analytical laboratory. In 1872 he was appointed professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Pennsylvania. He resigned his professorship in 1888, and re-established his laboratory. He also held the office of chemist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and also to the board of agriculture of that state.

Genth was a member of many scientific societies in the United States: he was elected in 1872 to membership in the National Academy of Sciences; he was a member of the American Philosophical Society (elected 1886),[2] one of the founders of the American Chemical Society, and its president in 1880, and a fellow of the Boston Academy of Arts and Sciences. Benjamin Silliman, Jr., alluded to Genth as having "no superior in this country as an analytical chemist."

Publications

[edit]

Genth contributed many and careful analyses of minerals to the literature of chemistry. His name is associated with the ammonia cobalt bases which he discovered in 1846, and, in joint authorship with Wolcott Gibbs (1822–1908), he contributed to the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" a monograph on "Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases" (Washington, 1856).

Genth is the author of 102 separate papers on subjects in chemistry and mineralogy. Of these, about 30 were not related to mineralogy. Among the non-mineralogical papers were papers on fertilizers, which were related to his work for the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture.[3]

He also published "Tabellarische Übersicht der wichtigsten Reactionen welche Basen in Salzen zeigen" (Marburg, 1845), also the same in relation to "Acids" (1845); "Corundum" (in American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 1873); "Minerals of North Carolina," being appendix "C" of the Report on the Geology of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1875); also First and Second Preliminary Reports on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1875/6), and Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1881).

Minerals discovered and characterized

[edit]

Genth was first to describe and characterize a number of new minerals, often ores of tellurium. Among those still recognized today are: melonite, calaverite, cosalite, schirmerite, coloradoite, montanite, kerrite, maconite, willcoxite, dudleyite, endlichite, landsfordite, nesquehonite, phosphuranylite, and penfieldite.[citation needed]

Family

[edit]

He married twice, the first time to Karolina Jäger (1847), with whom he had three children, the second time to Paulina Fischer (1852), with whom he had nine children.[3]

He died in Philadelphia on February 2, 1893.[1]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1906). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Vol. IV. Boston: American Biographical Society. Retrieved March 28, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Genth, Frederick Augustus". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1936.

References

[edit]

Attribution

Further reading

[edit]
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